Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (Syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison)

A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.

Also Known As:

Networked: 926 relevant articles (55 outcomes, 62 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer)
2.	Peptic Ulcer (Peptic Ulcers)
3.	Gastrinoma
4.	Duodenal Ulcer (Curling's Ulcer)
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer)

Experts

1.	Jensen, Robert T: 15 articles (11/2021 - 02/2002)
2.	Ito, Tetsuhide: 7 articles (10/2019 - 05/2005)
3.	Metz, David C: 7 articles (01/2017 - 02/2003)
4.	Hirschowitz, Basil I: 7 articles (06/2011 - 05/2002)
5.	Jensen, R T: 7 articles (04/2002 - 05/2000)
6.	Pisegna, Joseph R: 6 articles (12/2007 - 06/2002)
7.	Metz, D C: 6 articles (02/2006 - 01/2000)
8.	Bartsch, Detlef K: 5 articles (02/2019 - 12/2005)
9.	Poitras, Pierre: 5 articles (01/2017 - 05/2011)
10.	Gibril, F: 5 articles (10/2001 - 04/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome:

1.	Omeprazole (Prilosec)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1992 - "The efficacy of omeprazole increases during the first few days of administration, suggesting that long-term maintenance dose requirements in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may be lower than those initially established by upward titration. " 12/01/1993 - "In the current study we examined the long-term efficacy and safety of omeprazole in 116 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome treated with oral omeprazole at a single centre for up to 114 months (mean +/- S.E.M. " 12/01/1993 - "Use of omeprazole in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: a prospective nine-year study of efficacy and safety." 10/01/1990 - "The present study shows that patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have an increased percentage of argyrophil cells in oxyntic mucosa and that omeprazole does not increase this percentage. " 02/01/1988 - "Omeprazole in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: a 4-year international study."
2.	Lansoprazole (Prevacid)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2001 - "When individually optimized, lansoprazole proved to be safe and effective in the control of secretion for the treatment of both Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and non-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome hypersecretors for up to 10 years." 08/01/1996 - "Lansoprazole is apparently safe and effective for treating hypersecretion, whether due to hypergastrinaemia (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) or not (non-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome hypersecretors)." 02/01/1993 - "These results demonstrate that lansoprazole is a safe and effective inhibitor of gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 01/01/1993 - "These results demonstrate that long-term treatment with lansoprazole is both safe and effective in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and suggest that this drug will be useful in such patients. " 06/01/2011 - "Over a 20-year period, patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome were enrolled in a prospective trial evaluating the efficacy of lansoprazole. "
3.	AcidsIBA 01/01/1994 - "The retrospective analysis of these 3 cases led us to recommend, in case of oesophagitis in patients who have or might have the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, to quickly institute a major antisecretory treatment, by parenteral route if necessary, to precociously and repeatedly control the efficacy of the antisecretory treatment mainly by measuring basal acid output and to avoid unjustified treatment discontinuance and gastric intubations." 12/11/1999 - "Many Dutch researchers played an important part in clinical research of acid secretion inhibitors; the first studies of effect and safety were done in patients with severe overproduction of gastric acid (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) and in those with severe reflux oesophagitis. " 06/01/1979 - "Seventeen of 37 healthy volunteers participating in studies of acid secretion and 1 patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome became rapidly and profoundly hypochlorhydric. " 02/21/2023 - "Successful Lifetime/Long-Term Medical Treatment of Acid Hypersecretion in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES): Myth or Fact? " 08/28/2019 - "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is characterized by gastric acid hypersecretion causing severe recurrent acid-related peptic disease. "
4.	GastrinsIBA 03/01/1996 - "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is associated with marked plasma elevation of all forms of gastrin and, because of its prolonged course, has been shown to be an excellent model disease to study the effects of chronic hypergastrinemia in man. " 10/01/1977 - "An individual study of the patients with high (up to 300 pg/ml) basal and stimulated serum gastrin levels showed that most gastroduodenal diseases are situated within this range while levels of 500 pg/ml suggest Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 11/18/2020 - "His serum gastrin level was 2350 pg/mL (normal: 37-172 pg/mL), suggesting Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 05/01/2011 - "The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and mismeasurement of gastrin." 10/01/2010 - "It was originally an abnormal secretion of gastrin fits the syndrome Zollinger-Ellison. "
5.	Pantoprazole (Protonix)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2006 - "Three-year oral pantoprazole administration is effective for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other hypersecretory conditions." 10/01/1999 - "Pantoprazole was also effective in the management of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 02/01/2006 - "The safety and efficacy data for short-term (6-month) treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and idiopathic hypersecretion with oral pantoprazole were previously published. " 04/01/2000 - "Intravenous pantoprazole rapidly controls gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome." 02/01/2003 - "Maintenance oral pantoprazole therapy is effective for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and idiopathic hypersecretion."
6.	SecretinFDA Link 01/01/2010 - "Diagnostic efficacy of the secretin stimulation test for the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: an intra-individual comparison using different dosages in patients and controls." 05/01/2001 - "In the current study we compared secretin testing results in six confirmed Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome patients using the biologically-derived product and both synthetic products (human and porcine) in a three-way, randomized, single-blind Latin-squares crossover study. " 11/01/2000 - "In this study we report that the intraoperative secretin test (IOS test) is also useful for determining the extent of curability in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). " 02/01/1985 - "[A study of secretin dosage of secretin provocation test in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]." 08/01/2013 - "Secretin stimulation testing (SST) is used to evaluate patients with hypergastrinemia in the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. "
7.	Cimetidine (Biomet)FDA LinkGeneric 05/20/1978 - "In the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, good results have been obtained but cimetidine treatment must be decided and supervised only by well-informed specialists. " 06/01/1989 - "This study demonstrates that a continuous i.v. infusion of cimetidine adequately inhibits gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 07/01/1987 - "Thus 7 of the 9 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who required more than 2.4 g/day of cimetidine to inhibit gastric acid secretion had abnormal cimetidine pharmacokinetics." 07/01/1987 - "The concentration of cimetidine in the blood required to inhibit gastric acid secretion by 50% was markedly increased in 3 of the patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, suggesting parietal cell resistance. " 07/01/1987 - "Poor responsiveness to cimetidine in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has several different causes. "
8.	Ranitidine (Zantac)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/1986 - "[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: long-term treatment with ranitidine]." 08/01/1983 - "Ranitidine may prove to be the drug of choice in the medical management of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome." 01/01/1983 - "Medical treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with ranitidine." 06/01/1981 - "Use of ranitidine in the medical treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome." 01/01/1981 - "[Interest of ranitidine, a new H2 receptor antagonist in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (author's transl)]."
9.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)FDA Link 07/01/1987 - "Although most patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be effectively treated with histamine H2-receptor antagonists, many patients require large doses of drug to inhibit gastric acid secretion adequately. " 10/01/1993 - "In the present study, in 31 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome we evaluated the hypothesis that an effective parenteral histamine H2-receptor antagonist dose could be predicted from the previous oral dose. " 12/01/1998 - "This is caused by an increase in histamine released by the enterochromaffin-like cell secondarily to hypergastrinemia, corresponding to the tolerance towards H2RAs seen in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome." 04/01/1990 - "The highest rates of histamine formation were present in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 09/01/1978 - "Long-term treatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome."
10.	Famotidine (Pepcid)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1984 - "[A case of refractory chronic Zollinger-Ellison syndrome--treated successfully with famotidine]." 01/01/1987 - "Famotidine: effective treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome." 02/01/1989 - "Consequently, famotidine might be a suitable drug with long-lasting actions in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 04/01/1988 - "Because of its increased antisecretory potency and lack of antiandrogenic effects at higher doses, famotidine may be the H2-receptor antagonist of choice in treating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 01/01/1994 - "Famotidine has been used for the treatment of peptic ulcers and Zollinger Ellison syndrome and is also useful in reflux and erosive oesophagitis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/1993 - "It is superior to conventional therapies in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. " 01/01/2020 - "Our future goal is to evaluate the possibilities to diagnose the Zollinger Ellison Syndrome as early as possible and to treat it with targeted therapy in order to prevent its related complications." 03/16/2017 - "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), and as part of the eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori bacteria. " 06/01/2011 - "Recent series describing the clinical presentation, response to therapy, and long-term outcome of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are limited. " 06/01/2011 - "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: presentation, response to therapy, and outcome."
2.	Gastrectomy 05/01/1983 - "When the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was first identified, total gastrectomy was proposed as the most effective treatment for the secretory manifestations of the syndrome. " 05/01/2007 - "Is total gastrectomy still a viable option in the management of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?" 02/01/1999 - "We present a 57-year-old man with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who had undergone total gastrectomy 12 years previously. " 04/01/1992 - "Total gastrectomy in Zollinger Ellison syndrome: does it have no role today?" 01/01/1986 - "Is total gastrectomy still acceptable in the treatment of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?"
3.	Anesthesia 11/01/1982 - "Controlled clinical trials have shown ranitidine to be effective in the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and prophylaxis against aspiration during anesthesia. "
4.	Laparotomy 01/01/2001 - "Eugastrinaemia in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be an elusive goal, nearly one third of laparotomies failing to detect the tumour. " 05/01/1987 - "From 1971-1986, 24 patients were diagnosed as having Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) and 22 patients had laparotomy. " 06/01/1996 - "Laparotomy and proximal gastric vagotomy in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: results of a 16-year prospective study." 08/01/1985 - "Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with exploratory laparotomy, proximal gastric vagotomy, and H2-receptor antagonists. " 06/01/1995 - "Twenty-two patients presenting with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome underwent exploratory laparotomy after preoperative attempts to identify the gastrinoma(s) by CT scan, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasonography. "
5.	Radiotherapy 06/01/1965 - "Malignant Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in a Bantu woman with a prolonged remission after gastric radiotherapy." 03/01/1993 - "Noncompliance with prescribed treatment, cigarette smoking, gastric acid hypersecretory states (including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), Helicobacter pylori infection, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, abdominal radiation therapy, and malignant tumors are all causes of refractory disease. " 01/01/1984 - "Causes of perforation were ingested foreign body (24 cases), radiotherapy (18), potassium chloride medication (13), diverticula of the small bowel (10), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (2), and tuberculosis, actinomycosis and intrauterine contraceptive device (each in 1 case). "