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Xylazine (Xylazin)

An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.

Also Known As:

Xylazin; BAY-Va 1470; Rompun; Xylaxine; Xylazine Hydrochloride; Xylazine Monohydrochloride; Xylazine Phosphate (1:1); BAY Va 1470; BAYVa 1470; 4H-1,3-Thiazin-2-amine, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5,6-dihydro-

Networked: 508 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 42 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Amarpal,: 4 articles (01/2013 - 10/2007)
2.	Mama, Khursheed R: 3 articles (03/2012 - 08/2009)
3.	Ko, Wun-Chang: 3 articles (01/2012 - 02/2010)
4.	Caulkett, N A: 3 articles (02/2010 - 01/2000)
5.	Osborn, David A: 3 articles (04/2009 - 10/2003)
6.	Miller, Karl V: 3 articles (04/2009 - 10/2003)
7.	Bankstahl, Jens P: 2 articles (04/2015 - 02/2015)
8.	Bengel, Frank M: 2 articles (04/2015 - 02/2015)
9.	Thackeray, James T: 2 articles (04/2015 - 02/2015)
10.	Wollert, Kai C: 2 articles (04/2015 - 02/2015)

Related Diseases

1.	Vomiting 01/01/2007 - "On the other hand, needle acupuncture (AP) (BL20 + BL21, experimental group A) and OA (stomach/spleen and zhong jiao regions) combined with needle AP (BL20 + BL21) (experimental group B) were examined using 6 vomiting dogs, for one week interval repeatedly in experiment 2. As a result, the vomiting rates of experimental group I (50%, p < 0.05), experimental group II (58.3%) and experimental group III (41.6%, p < 0.01) were lower than that of control (100%), respectively in experiment 1. The vomiting rates of both experimental group A (50%, p < 0.05) and experimental group B (50%, p < 0.05) were lower than that of control (100%) in experiment 2. The starting vomiting time in experimental groups was similar to that of the control groups in experiment 1 and 2. This study demonstrated that OA had anti-emetic effects on dogs with xylazine-induced vomiting and OA in the stomach/spleen region plus the zhongjiao region was the most effective in anti-emesis among the experimental groups. " 01/01/2007 - "The present study was conducted in order to clarify the anti-emetic effect of oculo-acupuncture (OA) on dogs with xylazine-induced vomiting, and also to compare the anti-emetic effect of OA and body acupuncture (AP). " 08/01/1988 - "Repeated experimental trials of stimulation coupled with xylazine injection could result in the complete absence of emesis." 12/01/2010 - "After xylazine injection, all cats were carefully observed to record the frequency of emesis and the time until onset of the first emetic episode. " 06/01/2008 - "Efficacy was determined against emesis induced either by xylazine or by motion. "
2.	Pain (Aches) 08/01/1979 - "Xylazine was significantly more effective in obtunding deep pain (P less than 0.05) at 2- and 4-hour intervals than were the other drugs. " 04/01/1996 - "The current required to elicit a response increased by 170% (4.5 +/- 0.43 mA to 12.23 +/- 1.14 mA; mean +/- SE) after a dose of 0.05 mg/kg xylazine; by 180% (4.73 +/- 0.3 mA to 13.28 +/- 2.35 mA) after 0.1 mg/kg and by 510% (4.52 +/- 0.29 mA to 27.63 +/- 3.89 mA) after 0.2 mg/kg. Intramuscular xylazine appears to be an effective analgesic agent for acute pain in the sheep and further investigation into ideal administration regimens and dosage may provide more detailed information on relationships between dose, analgesic and sedative effects. " 05/01/2012 - "All xylazine-treated cows showed signs of mild sedation, a reduced pain response on insertion of the needle for LA, reduced ear flicking during surgery, reduced lameness score and longer standing periods as well as improved appetite in the first hour postoperatively. " 05/01/2012 - "The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of xylazine on the stress and pain response of lame cows undergoing claw treatment in lateral recumbency (LR). " 08/01/2015 - "Removal of the wool-bearing skin around a young lamb's rump (mulesing) provides long term health benefits for the animal, and the use of a sedative and analgesic agent such as xylazine may assist with pain relief to reduce discomfort and stress. "
3.	Respiratory Insufficiency (Respiratory Failure) 09/01/1996 - "Epidurally administered xylazine induced perineal analgesia and variable bilateral caudal analgesia extending from the coccyx to S3 dermatome, with minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression, head ptosis, changes in position of pelvic limbs, and no urination in standing mares. " 01/01/2003 - "However, xylazine caused bradycardia and respiratory depression. " 09/01/1995 - "Xylazine at a dose of 0.4 mg kg-1 led to a metabolic alkalosis with a significant increase of pH, plasma bicarbonate and base excess and respiratory depression. " 10/01/1986 - "The results indicated that yohimbine can be used as an antagonist to control the duration of xylazine induced respiratory depression, although the degree of reversal was less than is clinically desirable." 10/01/1986 - "Xylazine administration resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) respiratory depression, as reflected by a decrease in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2). "
4.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 08/01/1979 - "Intramuscular administration of xylazine at the rate of 0.22 mg/kg body weight caused a significant reduction in respiratory rates. " 01/01/1989 - "A study was performed to assess the effect of xylazine HCl (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV) in heifers maintained at thermoneutrality (18 C, 42% humidity) or under heat stress (33 C, 63% humidity) conditions. " 04/01/2004 - "Xylazine and its main metabolites were detected in equine urine after a single-dose intravenous administration of 0.98 and 1.01 mg/kg body weight xylazine, respectively, in two horses, in order to be used for equine doping control routine analysis. " 04/01/2003 - "Boars were then given an injection of 2.2 mg of xylazine per kilogram of body weight and, immediately thereafter, 500 ml of saline was infused into the urinary bladder. " 02/01/2001 - "These findings support the use of xylazine as an effective analgesic in sheep with comparable effects and consistent dosing requirements per unit body weight between adult sheep and lambs."
5.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 04/01/1990 - "It was concluded that the hypoxia following administration of xylazine was not severe enough to produce a rise in catecholamine concentrations eliciting hyperglycaemia." 04/01/1990 - "The role of hypoxia in the hyperglycaemic effect of xylazine in sheep." 10/01/2013 - "Both doses of xylazine promoted a moderate and transient hypoxemia during recovery; however, the 0.5 mg/kg dose produced a longer and improved quality of recovery from anesthesia." 03/01/1996 - "These findings suggested that administration of xylazine to pregnant goats results in a decrease in UBF arising from the induction of uterine contractions, a decrease in circulating blood volume, hypoxemia and acidosis in the mother." 09/01/2006 - "The increase in midazolam dose brought about little parametric variations which were greater when xylazine was used, with a consequent hypoxemia, bradyarrhytmia, and decrease in respiratory frequency and minute volume."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Ketamine
2.	Yohimbine (Yocon)
3.	Isoflurane
4.	Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
5.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)
6.	Midazolam (Versed)
7.	Butorphanol (BC 2627)
8.	Clonidine (ST 155)
9.	Propofol (Diprivan)
10.	Morphine (MS Contin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Anesthesia
2.	Subcutaneous Injections
3.	Induced Hypothermia
4.	Analgesia
5.	Intramuscular Injections