Xanthines

12/01/1990 - "Xanthines are effective in the treatment of asthma, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. "
08/22/1986 - "The results obtained with Ca2+ antagonists, which are poorly effective in asthma, compared to the established antiasthma drugs, xanthines and beta 2-receptor agonists, may indicate that depolarization-induced mechanisms contribute little to bronchoconstriction in asthma."
05/01/1991 - "Hence mechanisms other than bronchodilatation and "functional antagonism" should be considered to explain the protection against constrictor stimuli in asthma seen with beta 2 agonists and xanthines."
01/01/2006 - "Our data suggest that xanthines are only suitable as first-line preventative asthma therapy in children when ICS are not available. "
01/01/2006 - "Xanthines as first-line preventer alleviate symptoms and reduce requirement for rescue medication in children with mild to moderate asthma. "

03/01/2000 - "The xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. "
11/01/1997 - "One hundred seventy-five infants were excluded because they never experienced apnea, or data about the last apnea was missing, or they were on xanthines during the period encompassing the last 3 apnea days, or they weighed <1500 g or were <34 weeks' postmenstrual age at the time of the last apnea. "
06/01/1993 - "Xanthines are used to treat apnea, but their mechanism of action is not clearly understood. "
05/01/1987 - "[Xanthines in apnea of premature infants. "
02/01/1976 - "Letter: The use of xanthines in treating apnea of prematurity."

02/01/2012 - "Xanthines such as theophylline have been used in the treatment of lung diseases since the early 1900's, but have a major drawback of a very narrow therapeutic window and many drug/drug interactions. "
08/01/2010 - "Xanthines such as theophylline have been used in the treatment of lung diseases since the early 1900's, but have a major drawback of a very narrow therapeutic window and many drug/drug interactions. "
08/01/2010 - "Doxofylline is a xanthine molecule that appears to be both bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory with an improved therapeutic window over conventional xanthines such as theophylline and the evidence supporting the effects of doxofylline in the treatment of lung diseases is discussed."

05/01/1995 - "It remains to be elucidated whether xanthines such as theophylline and enprophylline are beneficial in upper airway disease in which mucociliary function is impaired (eg, chronic sinusitis)."

05/01/2000 - "This review mainly covers PDE 4 inhibitors structurally related to xanthines and Nitraquazone, which appear to be very attractive models for the synthesis of novel PDE 4 inhibitors potentially useful for the treatment of asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease and some autoimmune diseases. "