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Nonpenetrating Wounds

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Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

Also Known As:

Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Injuries, Blunt; Nonpenetrating Injuries; Blunt Injury; Injury, Blunt; Injury, Nonpenetrating; Nonpenetrating Injury; Nonpenetrating Wound; Wound, Nonpenetrating; Blunt Injuries; Injuries, Nonpenetrating

Networked: 197 relevant articles (1 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Wounds and Injuries: 94065
- Nonpenetrating Wounds: 197

Related Diseases

1.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Infection
4.	Drowning
5.	Poisoning

Experts

1.	Ishikawa, Takaki: 9 articles (11/2012 - 05/2005)
2.	Michiue, Tomomi: 9 articles (11/2012 - 05/2005)
3.	Maeda, Hitoshi: 9 articles (11/2012 - 05/2005)
4.	Zhu, Bao-Li: 7 articles (11/2012 - 05/2005)
5.	Li, Dong-Ri: 7 articles (03/2010 - 05/2005)
6.	Zhao, Dong: 6 articles (08/2008 - 05/2005)
7.	Quan, Li: 5 articles (03/2010 - 05/2005)
8.	Sloan, Edward P: 3 articles (11/2014 - 02/2010)
9.	Sola, Juan E: 2 articles (08/2015 - 01/2015)
10.	Allen, Casey J: 2 articles (08/2015 - 01/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Nonpenetrating Wounds:

1.	tranilast (N 5')IBA 08/01/1991 - "The other animals, groups IIa and IIb (n = 5 each), were first subjected to a blunt injury to the thigh sufficient to cause a midshaft femur fracture, then bled and similarly treated. " 06/01/1997 - "According to the aetiology, the injuries were categorized as blunt injury (n = 13), cutting or penetrating injury (n = 5), and corrosive injury (n = 5). " 05/01/2005 - "The aim of the present study was to examine Ub-immunoreactivity in the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PGM), which is involved in pain processing and modulation, in forensic autopsy cases (n=273) in relation to the causes of death: acute deaths from blunt injuries (n=75), sharp weapon injuries (n=36), fatal asphyxiation (n=22), drownings (n=16: freshwater, n=9; saltwater, n=7), fire fatalities (n=64), poisoning (n=12), hyperthermia (n=5), hypothermia (n=5), delayed deaths from blunt head injury (n=8), acute cardiac deaths (n=24), and acute cerebrovascular strokes (n=6). " 05/01/1999 - "Anesthetized, ventilated (FIO2 = 0.50) pigs received a unilateral, blunt injury to the right thorax (n = 20) or sham injury (n = 5) and were monitored for 24 hours. "
2.	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)IBA 01/01/2003 - "[A study on the expression of VEGF in the blunt injury of rat's skin]." 05/20/2008 - "Characteristic results were found in blunt injury cases: both GLUT1 and VEGF mRNAs decreased in the lung but increased in the skeletal muscle depending on survival time. " 01/01/2003 - "Blunt injury in the skin could induce the expression of the VEGF. " 01/01/2003 - "To evaluate changes of VEGF in skin after blunt injury. " 05/20/2008 - "In the kidney, subacute deaths showed higher GLUT1 mRNA levels compared with acute deaths from blunt injury, but no significant change was found for VEGF mRNA. "
3.	Amylases FDA Link 07/01/1997 - "The objective of this study was to elucidate the significance and limitations of serum amylase levels in the diagnosis of blunt injury to the pancreas. " 07/01/1997 - "Serum amylase level on admission in the diagnosis of blunt injury to the pancreas: its significance and limitations." 04/01/1991 - "It was concluded that routine serum amylase determination is of no value in the clinical management of the patient suffering blunt injury." 04/01/1981 - "Diagnosis was made by laparotomy in all patients, although elevated serum amylase suggested this injury in 23 (56%) of 41 patients with nonpenetrating injuries. "
4.	diaspirin-cross-linked hemoglobinIBA 11/01/2014 - "In the 219 patients, the mean age was 37 years, 64% sustained a blunt injury, 48% received DCLHb, 36% died, and 88% had an SI≥1.0 at study entry. " 02/01/2010 - "In the 219 patients, patients were 37 years old, 64% sustained blunt injury, 48% received DCLHb, and 36% expired. " 05/01/2010 - "In the 219 patients, the mean age was 37.3 years, 64% of the patients sustained a blunt injury, 48% received DCLHb resuscitation, and the overall 28-day mortality rate was 36.5%. "
5.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 06/01/2011 - "In a previous study ACTH immunopositivity in the adenohypophysis was significantly higher in cases of blunt injury, fire fatality, and AMI whereas GH immunopositivity was not significantly different among the groups, although positivity was higher in cases of fire fatality with a low COHb level. " 08/06/2008 - "The rate of ACTH-immunopositivity in the anterior pituitary was low in cases of fatal hypothermia and hyperthermia, while it was high in cases of blunt injury, fire fatality, and acute ischemic heart disease. "
6.	tebufenozide (Mimic)IBA 07/15/2002 - "In contrast, blunt injury models in which the cord is compressed or contused more accurately mimic the typical human injury and provide a good setting for the study of secondary pathophysiologic processes immediately after injury. " 01/01/2013 - "On the other hand, spinal cord is compressed or contused to mimic the human injury in blunt injury models for understanding as well as managing the secondary pathophysiologic processes following injury. "
7.	Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate (A-MethaPred)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1984 - "In a prospective, controlled study, the effects of large doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) were examined in patients subjected to severe blunt injury of the chest. "
8.	Horseradish PeroxidaseIBA 09/01/1986 - "Parameters have been established to ensure uniform blunt injury, enabling study of the retina and blood-retinal barrier by light- and electron microscopy, including use of horseradish peroxidase as a vascular tracer. "
9.	C-Reactive ProteinIBA 07/15/2010 - "The present study investigated postmortem serum EPO levels in injury death cases (n=185, postmortem time<48 h, survival time <7 days: sharp instrument injury, n=44 and blunt injury, n=141) with regard to survival time, compared with C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of inflammation. "
10.	Bromelains (Bromelain)IBA 07/10/1995 - "In an open case observation study involving patients with blunt injuries to the musculoskeletal system, the efficacy and tolerability of high-dose Bromelain POS, a plant-derived enzyme preparation, were investigated. " 07/10/1995 - "[Bromelain in blunt injuries of the locomotor system. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thoracotomy 07/01/1991 - "The efficacy of resuscitative emergency room thoracotomy (ERT), particularly in blunt injury, has been questioned. " 10/01/2014 - "On the other hand, most of the blunt injuries occur in the distal trachea and right main bronchus and they can be best approached by right posterolateral thoracotomy. " 06/01/2013 - "All meta analysis, case reports, thoracotomies in children and the pediatric population, thoracotomies that were not performed in an emergency setting and papers that did not include data on both penetrating and blunt injuries were excluded. " 02/01/2011 - "A total of eleven thoracotomies were performed, ten for blunt injuries (91%), and one for perforating injury (9%), with a mean age of 7.8 years, range 2.6-15.4 years, comprising eight boys and three girls. " 02/01/2007 - "Most blunt injuries occur in the distal trachea or right mainstem, and are best approached by a right posterolateral thoracotomy. "
2.	Amputation 01/01/1997 - "The present study was performed to identify the factors associated with amputation in patients with blunt injuries to the lower limb associated with arterial injury. " 12/01/2014 - "The adjusted odds ratio of requiring an amputation after blunt injury to the AT alone, compared with a PT or P injury, was 22.4 (p = 0.02). " 12/01/2014 - "Patients with blunt injury had higher amputation rates than those with penetrating injury (26.8% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.01). " 01/01/2014 - "Blunt injury, fractures, ISS >9, and MESS >7 were associated with an increased odds of amputation. " 01/01/2014 - "Variables associated with amputation included ISS >10 compared to ISS <9 (odds ratio [OR]: 7.4; P < 0.045), blunt injury (OR: 10.7; P = 0.009), MESS >7 (OR: 2.4; P < 0.0001), and fractures (OR: 0.13; P < 0.045). "
3.	Laparotomy 03/01/2013 - "The rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy for patients sustaining penetrating vs blunt injury was 1.8% and nil, respectively. " 03/01/2013 - "We evaluated whether DL similarly lowers the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy for patients with blunt injuries. " 05/01/2011 - "However, in those patients arriving with BP ≤ 60 mmHg (five penetrating and 15 blunt injuries), we found that the survival rate after laparotomy was 60% and 13%, respectively. " 04/01/2010 - "Patients with blunt injury undergoing exploratory laparotomy between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2007, were identified from our registry. " 02/01/2006 - "[Delayed laparotomies in blunt injuries of the abdomen: incidence rates, causes, mortality rates and hospitalization times in a group of 139 operated patients. "
4.	Resuscitation 04/01/2010 - "It is futile to attempt resuscitation in a blunt injury patient with no vital signs upon arriving at the emergency department. " 01/01/2001 - "For patients with posttraumatic circulatory arrest, the type of injury (blunt or penetrating), the presence of vital signs, and the electrocardiographic findings are used to determine the futility of initiating or continuing resuscitation efforts. " 01/01/2009 - "Penetrating chest injuries were more common than blunt injuries and chest intubation with resuscitation was adequate in most of the patients." 06/01/2008 - "We performed a medical chart review to seek patients who were younger than 12 years, were experiencing blunt injury, and received an abdominal computed tomographic scan immediately after fluid resuscitation in the emergency room to evaluate the extent of their abdominal injury. " 07/01/2004 - "On arrival all were in extremis or cardiac arrest after significant blunt injury to the torso, and during resuscitation had a brief loss of cardiac output. "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 05/01/1998 - "Patients with blunt injuries of the brachiocephalic artery should be stabilized, and circulation of the subclavian and carotid arteries should be restored with graft placement or primary repair. " 08/01/1996 - "Blunt injury to the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull: six cases of venous graft restoration." 04/01/2006 - "As in the native kidney, superselective embolization can also be used safely in the management of blunt injury to a renal allograft, avoiding surgery and preserving graft function." 09/01/2008 - "While endovascular stent graft repair of blunt injury to the thoracic aorta is well described, there are few reports of its application for treatment of penetrating injuries of the thoracic aorta. " 06/01/1989 - "Successful surgical repair of a laceration was performed in a 64-year-old man who developed retrosternal hematoma from a saphenous vein graft after blunt injury to the chest."