Weil Disease (Weil's Disease)

A severe form of LEPTOSPIROSIS, usually caused by LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to humans by the rat and is characterized by hemorrhagic and renal symptoms with accompanying JAUNDICE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 86 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 5 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Leptospirosis
2.	Hemorrhage
3.	Fever (Fevers)
4.	Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure)
5.	Renal Insufficiency (Renal Failure)

Experts

1.	De, Anuradha: 2 articles (06/2005 - 10/2002)
2.	Karande, Sunil: 2 articles (06/2005 - 10/2002)
3.	Kulkarni, Madhuri: 2 articles (06/2005 - 10/2002)
4.	Bezerra, Gabriela Freire: 1 article (01/2022)
5.	Daher, Elizabeth De Francesco: 1 article (01/2022)
6.	Galdino, Gabriela Studart: 1 article (01/2022)
7.	Libório, Alexandre Braga: 1 article (01/2022)
8.	Martins, Alice Maria Costa: 1 article (01/2022)
9.	Meneses, Gdayllon Cavalcante: 1 article (01/2022)
10.	Pires Neto, Roberto da Justa: 1 article (01/2022)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Weil Disease:

1.	Penicillins (Penicillin)FDA Link 06/01/2005 - "Two children with Weil's disease died and the remaining 13 responded well to intravenous penicillin. " 09/15/1951 - "Dosage of penicillin in Weil's disease." 01/13/1951 - "Penicillin in Weil's disease." 07/01/1948 - "Weil's disease treated with penicillin." 04/01/1948 - "The use of penicillin in Weil's disease; report of two cases."
2.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2016 - "High Efficacy of Prednisolone in a Complicated Case of Weil Disease."
3.	VaccinesIBA 02/01/1990 - "The data obtained in the study of the immunobiological properties of a new concentrated vaccine against icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis show the possibility of using this vaccine for the immunization of donors with the aim of obtaining blood sera to be used as raw material for the production of immunobiological preparations." 02/01/1990 - "An experimental study of a new concentrated purified vaccine against icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis for human immunization]." 05/01/1992 - "This confirms that the squirrel monkey is highly susceptible to icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis and is probably receptive to other serogroups, and that this animal may be useful in studying experimental leptospirosis and for testing new human vaccines." 01/01/1991 - "The tetra-valent formalin-inactivated leptospiral vaccine (Weil's disease and Akiyami combined vaccine) composed of the four serovars mentioned are used as vaccine to protect human from leptospiral infection in Japan. "
4.	Biomarkers (Surrogate Marker)IBA 01/01/2022 - "Endothelial biomarkers as predictors for haemodialysis need in severe leptospirosis patients (Weil's disease)." 09/01/2003 - "In the present study 20 patients of leptospirosis, of which 7 belonged to Weil's disease, were diagnosed based on the demonstration of IgM antileptospira antibody and supported by clinical correlation and appropriate biochemical markers. "
5.	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)IBA 09/01/2003 - "In the present study 20 patients of leptospirosis, of which 7 belonged to Weil's disease, were diagnosed based on the demonstration of IgM antileptospira antibody and supported by clinical correlation and appropriate biochemical markers. " 03/01/2002 - "Thirty-five hospitalized patients with Weil's disease had 5 blood samples drawn, from the 15th day to the 12th month of symptoms, for ELISA-IgM, -IgG and -IgA specific antibody detection. "
6.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 03/01/2002 - "Group 1 was older, had worse pulmonary and renal function, and fever for a longer period than group 2. Throughout the study, IgG and IgA titers remained higher in group 1. In conclusion, the severity of Weil's disease may be associated with the intensity of the humoral immune response to leptospire." 03/01/2002 - "Thirty-five hospitalized patients with Weil's disease had 5 blood samples drawn, from the 15th day to the 12th month of symptoms, for ELISA-IgM, -IgG and -IgA specific antibody detection. "
7.	Immunoglobulin A (IgA)IBA 03/01/2002 - "Group 1 was older, had worse pulmonary and renal function, and fever for a longer period than group 2. Throughout the study, IgG and IgA titers remained higher in group 1. In conclusion, the severity of Weil's disease may be associated with the intensity of the humoral immune response to leptospire." 03/01/2002 - "Thirty-five hospitalized patients with Weil's disease had 5 blood samples drawn, from the 15th day to the 12th month of symptoms, for ELISA-IgM, -IgG and -IgA specific antibody detection. "
8.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 08/01/2017 - "We present a case of Weil's disease complicated by a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) after initiation of antibiotics while in the emergency department requiring invasive monitoring and vasopressor support. " 12/01/2011 - "A short cut review was carried out to establish whether prophylactic antibiotics should be given to prevent Weil's disease after a fall into standing water. " 12/01/2011 - "BET 1: prophylactic antibiotic use to prevent Weil's disease after immersion in water." 07/01/2009 - "Appropriate antibiotics of Weil disease." 08/01/2017 - "It is suggested that patients started on antibiotics for leptospirosis/Weil's disease should be monitored in the emergency department for a short duration prior to discharge or transfer to a regular medical floor for observation given the possibility for decompensation."
9.	Coal (Coals)IBA 06/26/1966 - "[Incidence of Weil's disease among coal miners in Hungary]." 05/11/1946 - "Weil's disease occurrence among workers in Welsh and Scottish coal-mines." 05/11/1946 - "Weil's Disease in Coal-mine Workers." 03/25/1939 - "Weil's Disease in Coal-miners." 11/01/1916 - "On his advice we have carefully examined house and ditch rats in the city and rats in the coal mines of Kyushu, where Weil's disease prevails, and found that 39.5 per cent carried highly virulent pathogenic spirochetes in their kidneys, thus confirming Miyajima's experiments. "
10.	Monoclonal AntibodiesIBA 01/01/1984 - "Monoclonal antibodies against etiological agents of Weil's disease were produced by cell fusion technology. " 01/01/1984 - "Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against etiological agents of Weil's disease." 10/01/1983 - "[Identification of Leptospira responsible for Weil's disease by monoclonal antibody]." 05/01/1983 - "[Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Leptospira causing Weil's disease]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Plasma Exchange 03/01/2003 - "[Plasma exchange support therapy in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis]." 05/10/1990 - "[A case of Weil's disease complicated with liver disorder, acute kidney failure and myocarditis treated by hemodialysis and plasma exchange]." 01/01/2018 - "The first search was conducted in PubMed, OVID, Google Scholar, and Cochrane clinical trial registry using keywords "leptospirosis" OR "Leptospira" OR "Weil's disease" AND "plasmapheresis" OR "plasma exchange" AND "pulmonary hemorrhage" OR "alveolar hemorrhage" OR "lung hemorrhage" and the second search was done using keyword "leptospirosis" OR "Leptospira" OR "Weil's disease" AND "ECMO" OR "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." The searches were not limited by study design or the date of publication. "
2.	Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation 01/01/2018 - "The first search was conducted in PubMed, OVID, Google Scholar, and Cochrane clinical trial registry using keywords "leptospirosis" OR "Leptospira" OR "Weil's disease" AND "plasmapheresis" OR "plasma exchange" AND "pulmonary hemorrhage" OR "alveolar hemorrhage" OR "lung hemorrhage" and the second search was done using keyword "leptospirosis" OR "Leptospira" OR "Weil's disease" AND "ECMO" OR "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." The searches were not limited by study design or the date of publication. "
3.	Plasmapheresis 01/01/2018 - "The first search was conducted in PubMed, OVID, Google Scholar, and Cochrane clinical trial registry using keywords "leptospirosis" OR "Leptospira" OR "Weil's disease" AND "plasmapheresis" OR "plasma exchange" AND "pulmonary hemorrhage" OR "alveolar hemorrhage" OR "lung hemorrhage" and the second search was done using keyword "leptospirosis" OR "Leptospira" OR "Weil's disease" AND "ECMO" OR "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." The searches were not limited by study design or the date of publication. "
4.	Nursing Care 10/14/1966 - "Weil's disease; a nursing care study."
5.	Therapeutics 07/01/2003 - "Severe forms referred to as Weil's disease commonly involve kidneys, liver, lungs, CNS and heart and require early recognition and immediate initiation of adequate therapy. " 01/21/1966 - "[On differential diagnosis and therapy of Weil's disease]." 03/01/2003 - "[Plasma exchange support therapy in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis]." 03/01/1989 - "Such complex therapy decreased the mortality rate of patients with terminal stages of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis from 76-96% to 18-22% and reduced the in-hospital stay from 60-80 to 35-40 days." 10/01/2006 - "Comparison between blood exchange and classical therapy for acute renal failure in Weil's disease: appraisal on Thai reports."