Vitamin K

A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.

Networked: 3037 relevant articles (182 outcomes, 399 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Lip, Gregory Y H: 89 articles (01/2016 - 09/2004)
2.	Halperin, Jonathan L: 25 articles (12/2015 - 09/2004)
3.	Ageno, Walter: 24 articles (09/2015 - 07/2004)
4.	Hankey, Graeme J: 23 articles (12/2015 - 10/2003)
5.	Singer, Daniel E: 23 articles (12/2015 - 11/2002)
6.	Booth, Sarah L: 22 articles (06/2015 - 07/2004)
7.	Mahaffey, Kenneth W: 21 articles (12/2015 - 01/2013)
8.	Hacke, Werner: 21 articles (10/2015 - 06/2010)
9.	Prins, Martin H: 21 articles (03/2015 - 06/2003)
10.	Piccini, Jonathan P: 20 articles (12/2015 - 05/2012)

Related Diseases

1.	Stroke (Strokes) 11/01/2013 - "Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are highly effective in preventing recurrent ischaemic stroke but have important limitations and are thus underused. " 11/01/2012 - "Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective for stroke prevention. " 09/01/2013 - "Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) had several decades of proven efficacy in AF-related stroke prevention but the drug's numerous limitations make its implementation difficult for practitioners and patients. " 03/01/2012 - "Vitamin K antagonists are effective in reducing the risk of stroke but optimal use of these drugs remains difficult. " 07/01/2009 - "Vitamin K antagonists are very effective for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke but have numerous limitations that limit their uptake in eligible patients with AF and reduce their effectiveness in treated patients. "
2.	Atrial Fibrillation 11/01/2013 - "However, vitamin K antagonists are associated with a significant reduction in embolic events, and recent guidelines recommend their prescription for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. " 07/01/2014 - "Although vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are effective for long-term thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation (AF), their limitations have led to widespread underutilisation, especially in the developing world. " 09/01/2013 - "Robust evidence exists on the efficacy of traditional anticoagulant oral therapy in the prevention of thrombo-embolic risk in patients with non valvular atrial fibrillation, but fears and concerns of hemorrhagic events for the physicians and logistic difficulties related to the periodic International Normalized Ratio evaluation for the patients are at the basis of a noticeable under-utilization of the therapy with vitamin K antagonists in the real world. " 02/17/2013 - "The "gold standard" of the prevention of atrial fibrillation related thromboembolic events is anticoagulation therapy with oral vitamin K antagonists. " 12/01/2015 - "Persistence of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A single-center observational study."
3.	Hemorrhage 12/01/2004 - "Although prolonged anticoagulation at an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2 to 3 is highly effective in preventing thrombotic recurrences, this benefit is partially offset by the risk of major bleeding and the inconvenience associated with oral vitamin K antagonists. " 09/01/2000 - "Although adequately dosed vitamin K antagonists are effective in patients with malignant disease, the incidence of thrombotic and bleeding complications remains higher than in patients without malignancy." 06/01/2015 - "New strategies for effective treatment of vitamin K antagonist-associated bleeding." 07/01/2009 - "Vitamin K antagonists are effective in the prevention and treatment of a variety of arterial and venous thrombotic disorders, but are associated with an increased risk of serious bleeding complications. " 11/01/2007 - "At the age of 3, he suffered from massive intestinal and pulmonary hemorrhage, which improved immediately after the administration of vitamin K. "
4.	Venous Thromboembolism 01/01/2005 - "Clinical-based evidence demonstrates that long-term oral anticoagulant therapy with the vitamin K antagonists is highly effective for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). " 12/01/2003 - "Oral anticoagulation with vitamin-K-antagonists is very effective in secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. " 01/01/2002 - "Omitting a potentially-confounded study, a statistically non-significant reduction in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism favoring vitamin K antagonist treatment remained (OR 1.95; 95% CI [0.74, 5.19]). " 01/01/2000 - "This OR was mainly due to one possibly confounded study, and after omitting this study from the analysis a statistically non-significant reduction of the risk of recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in favor of vitamin K antagonist treatment remained (OR 1.95; 95% CI [0.74, 5.19]). " 02/01/2015 - "We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DOACs with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). "
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 06/01/2013 - "Low-molecular-weight heparins have been demonstrated to be more effective in the long-term prevention of recurrent VTE in cancer patients compared with conventional treatment with vitamin K antagonists. " 11/01/2015 - "Anticancer efficacy of vitamin K derivatives on multidrug-resistant cancer cells has been scarcely investigated. " 11/01/2015 - "Vitamin K demonstrates activation of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular growth in pancreatic tumor cells; however, there are no clinical studies available for further evaluation. " 03/01/2014 - "Longterm clinical trials are required to evaluate the effect of vitamin K on gynecological cancers. " 02/03/2011 - "Long-term use of vitamin K antagonists and incidence of cancer: a population-based study."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Warfarin (Coumadin)
2.	Anticoagulants
3.	Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (Heparin, Low Molecular Weight)
4.	rivaroxaban
5.	Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
6.	Heparin (Liquaemin)
7.	Factor Xa (Coagulation Factor Xa)
8.	apixaban
9.	acarboxyprothrombin (PIVKA)
10.	Blood Coagulation Factors (Coagulation Factor)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Electric Countershock (Cardioversion)
2.	Lasers (Laser)
3.	Hormone Replacement Therapy (Therapy, Hormone Replacement)
4.	Injections
5.	Transplants (Transplant)