Vitamin D Deficiency

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)

Also Known As:

Networked: 8674 relevant articles (275 outcomes, 1511 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rickets (Rachitis)
2.	COVID-19
3.	Insulin Resistance
4.	Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
5.	Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Experts

1.	Holick, Michael F: 81 articles (05/2022 - 11/2003)
2.	Pilz, Stefan: 38 articles (04/2022 - 10/2008)
3.	Cashman, Kevin D: 34 articles (12/2022 - 12/2011)
4.	Tangpricha, Vin: 29 articles (12/2021 - 10/2005)
5.	Hollis, Bruce W: 27 articles (07/2020 - 05/2004)
6.	Lips, Paul: 26 articles (07/2022 - 05/2004)
7.	Al-Daghri, Nasser M: 26 articles (01/2022 - 07/2012)
8.	Hewison, Martin: 25 articles (01/2022 - 10/2008)
9.	März, Winfried: 23 articles (03/2022 - 10/2008)
10.	Zittermann, Armin: 23 articles (03/2022 - 05/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vitamin D Deficiency:

1.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2021 - "Most reproductive system studies suggest the protective effects of vitamin D, but vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are growing global health issues. " 01/01/2013 - "This strategy is a highly efficacious way for improving the vitamin D status for children and adults and preventing vitamin D deficiency. " 09/01/1994 - "Oral doses of 2.5 mg given every 3 mo appear to provide the best protection against vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D overload in high-risk infant populations that are unsuitable for daily vitamin D supplementation." 12/01/2014 - "Even though important factors for vitamin D synthesis were similar, there was severe vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with an acute episode, significantly different from those in remission. " 01/01/2018 - "Our previous study-level (aggregate data) meta-analysis suggested that vitamin D supplements may be beneficial for bone density specifically in children with vitamin D deficiency. "
2.	Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)FDA Link 06/01/2018 - "• Weekly regimen of 60,000 IU of vitamin D3 is the most effective regimen for treating vitamin D deficiency in children with CLD. " 09/25/2023 - "Overall, the results indicate that supplementation of cholecalciferol significantly improved spatial memory impairment, VDR expression, and may provide an opportunity to manage vitamin D deficiencies." 12/01/2021 - "To assess the efficacy of an oral high-dose cholecalciferol regimen in correcting vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in adolescents and to explore potential predictive factors on the response to treatment. " 07/01/2022 - "At month 12 in vitamin D deficiency group, patients with vitamin D3 supplementation had a greater decline in modified Mayo score [-4(-5.75, -2) vs.-2(-4, 0), P=0.048] and a higher clinical remission rate (60.0% vs. 22.2%, P=0.019) compared with those without. " 09/01/2012 - "Full body NB-UVB three times per week is more effective in treating vitamin D deficiency than prescription of a daily oral intake of 1600 IU (40 μg) vitamin D(3) ."
3.	hydroxide ionIBA 10/01/2016 - "Vitamin D deficiency was uncommon in our patients with CD in remission, and serum 25(OH)D3 did not predict disease flare, whereas higher VDBP concentrations were significantly associated with disease flare. " 01/30/2017 - "We believe that these criteria will be clinically helpful in the assessment of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and further expect that they will form a basis for the future development of guidelines for the management of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency." 01/01/2017 - "We believe that these criteria will be clinically helpful in the assessment of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and further expect that they will form a basis for the future development of guidelines for the management of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency." 06/01/2012 - "Safe and effective food-based strategies could increase 25(OH)D across the population distribution and prevent vitamin D deficiency with potential benefit for public health." 11/15/2013 - "Our new method using DAPTAD can reduce the overestimation of the 25(OH)D3 levels, and will prove helpful in the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency in infants."
4.	CalciumIBA 01/01/2022 - "This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiency in school children aged 6 to 11 years in Lviv (Ukraine). " 01/01/2022 - "We aimed to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and calcium status among morbidly obese children and adolescents. " 01/01/2021 - "Our study showed that the higher levels of PTH post LSG can be related to vitamin D deficiency and lower calcium levels, despite patients following the provided recommendations for supplementation. " 09/01/2019 - "Studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency may lead to the development of MetS apart from impairment in calcium and bone metabolism. " 01/01/2018 - "This moves us further toward a trial-based definition of vitamin D deficiency in adults with adequate calcium intakes and suggests that supplement use should be targeted accordingly. "
5.	Ergocalciferols (Ergocalciferol)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1996 - "To determine the efficacy of a single oral dose of 150,000 IU of vitamin D2 at the beginning of autumn for preventing winter vitamin D deficiency in children in Ushuaia (55 degrees S). " 01/01/2021 - "This study aims to ascertain the efficacy and safety of high-dose intramuscular vitamin D2 in very elderly Chinese patients with vitamin D deficiency. " 11/12/2015 - " studies compared ergocalciferol in patients with CKD and vitamin D deficiency. " 04/01/2013 - "This study was designed to determine the predictors of responsiveness to correction of vitamin D deficiency with oral vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) in adults. " 07/15/2005 - "The results of this study demonstrate that a majority of adults with CF have serum 25-OHD levels below 30 ng/ml, and the currently recommended ergocalciferol repletion regimen often does not fully correct vitamin D deficiency and may need to be revised to include even higher dosing of ergocalciferol. "
6.	25-hydroxyvitamin DIBA 02/01/2006 - "Measurement of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is the gold standard to diagnose vitamin D deficiency. " 11/27/2023 - "Many studies had investigated the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency of patients with these diseases, but opinions varied, and no conclusion was reached. " 01/01/2023 - "We found that globally, 15.7% (95% CrI 13.7-17.8), 47.9% (95% CrI 44.9-50.9), and 76·6% (95% CrI 74.0-79.1) of participants had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 30, 50, and 75 nmol/l, respectively; the prevalence slightly decreased from 2000-2010 to 2011-2022, but it was still at a high level; people living in high latitude areas had a higher prevalence; the prevalence in winter-spring was 1.7 (95% CrI 1.4-2.0) times that in summer-autumn; the Eastern Mediterranean region and Lower-middle-income countries had a higher prevalence; females were vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency; gender, sampling frame, detection assays, sampling region, time of data collection, season, and other factors contributed to heterogeneity between the included studies. " 12/01/2021 - "The aim of this study was to determine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the percentage of vitamin D deficiency in AA patients and compare them with those in healthy controls in a Philippine tertiary hospital. " 01/01/2020 - "Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data."
7.	VitaminsIBA 09/01/2012 - "Narrowband ultraviolet B three times per week is more effective in treating vitamin D deficiency than 1600 IU oral vitamin D₃ per day: a randomized clinical trial." 02/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in patients with primary GCTB and to elucidate any difference in serum Vitamin 25(OD)D3 levels amongst the matched control population data. " 07/01/2017 - "Similarly, the frequency of vitamin D deficiency is increasing, and a number of epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that there is an increased risk of CVD among people with depletion of this vitamin. " 10/15/2023 - "Although vitamin D deficiency is widespread among the general population, vitamins A, E, and K deficiencies may more uniquely present in patients with CP. " 06/25/2022 - "Noteworthily, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety, and individuals with these psychiatric conditions have low serum levels of this vitamin. "
8.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 07/01/2019 - "Vitamin D deficiency improved after surgery, but elevated parathyroid hormone was common after RYGB." 06/01/2013 - "Intra-operative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) kinetics and therefore the efficacy of IOPTH utilization as a predictor of cure are likely to be affected by baseline IOPTH levels, vitamin D deficiency and parathyroid weight. " 01/01/2020 - "Few studies in other countries have shown lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in obese adolescents despite high vitamin D deficiency. " 09/01/2000 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of chronic winter vitamin D deficiency and higher winter parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on bone mass in prepubertal children and young adults. " 10/01/2022 - "Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was elevated at 172.5 pg/mL and increased to 443 pg/mL after correction of vitamin D deficiency. "
9.	Calcifediol (Calcidiol)FDA Link 01/01/2023 - "Long-Term Treatment and Effect of Discontinuation of Calcifediol in Postmenopausal Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Trial." 03/10/2022 - "There is also a consistent association between serum calcifediol and cardiovascular events and deaths, but large-scale, long-term intervention studies did not show any benefit on cardiovascular outcomes from supplementation, at least not in subjects without clear vitamin D deficiency. " 02/02/2021 - "The aim of this study was to assess what effect the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration and vitamin D deficiency treatment have on changes in the bone level at the implant site during the process of osseointegration in the mandible. " 08/01/2016 - "Finally, calcifediol levels were only slightly higher in the last two years of observation than in the first two years and severe vitamin D deficiency was common during the whole 14-year study period. " 08/15/2010 - "To study the basis for this weakness, severe vitamin D deficiency was produced in rats as revealed by a low level or absence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) in the serum. "
10.	Insulin (Novolin)FDA Link 07/25/2015 - "Vitamin D deficiency is detrimental to insulin synthesis and secretion in animal and human studies. " 12/01/2013 - "This study demonstrated prevalent vitamin D deficiency in insulin resistant type 2 diabetic and normal subjects. " 01/01/2018 - "Vitamin D deficiency in KSA has been mostly associated with bone and insulin-resistant diseases but limited data are available to prove causality. " 06/01/2017 - "A significant difference was found between the women with and without severe vitamin D deficiency with regard to waist circumference, fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR, and abnormal systolic and diastolic blood pressures. " 04/01/2015 - "Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced insulin production in type 2 diabetics, which was mainly observed in men. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2020 - "These results support stoss therapy as an effective and safe alternative therapy for the treatment of paediatric vitamin D deficiency." 12/08/1993 - "Appropriate therapy is cheap, safe and effective but many patients with severe vitamin D deficiency are being managed suboptimally." 05/01/2016 - "However, with parenteral therapy for vitamin D deficiency, there was a dramatic improvement in the patient's symptoms. " 03/01/2011 - "The possible benefit of nutritional therapy in protection against vitamin D deficiency requires further prospective study." 09/01/2016 - "Whether correcting vitamin D deficiency could offer a beneficial therapy for additional disease prevention requires further study."
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis) 08/01/2021 - "This is the first study to report that vitamin D deficiency was not associated with IGRA positivity in a hemodialysis population. " 01/01/2020 - "This study analyzed the prognostic importance of vitamin D deficiency in hemodialysis patients with different CTRs. " 01/01/2014 - "D3 supplements are safe, effective at treating vitamin D deficiency, and may prevent time-dependent increases in T-cell alloimmunity in hemodialysis patients, but their effects on alloimmunity need to be confirmed in larger studies. " 10/01/2007 - "The article by Wolf et al. further supports these studies by identifying vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for early mortality in incident hemodialysis patients." 01/01/2021 - "Welfare recipients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are at significantly increased risks of vitamin D deficiency compared with patients not receiving welfare."
3.	Length of Stay 01/01/2022 - "Vitamin D deficiency was associated with significantly higher mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-4.05; 12 studies; hazard ratio [HR]: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.40-7.04; 3 studies), higher rates of hospital admissions (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.48-3.21; 3 studies) and longer hospital stays (0.52 days; 95% CI: 0.25-0.80; 2 studies) as compared to nonvitamin D deficient status. " 01/01/2023 - "Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a significant risk factor for a prolonged hospital stay. " 01/01/2023 - "After adjusting for confounding factors, a higher proportion of subjects with SARS-CoV-2 plus vitamin D deficiency required hospitalisation (OR 1.38 [95%CI 1.26-1.51]), and had a longer mean hospital stay (3.94 compared to 2.19 days in those with normal levels; P = 0.02). " 01/01/2021 - "Vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with longer hospital stays, greater severity of symptoms, and death in some complex cases. " 11/13/2020 - "Inpatients sampled further into their hospital stay (≥3 days) had greater Vitamin D deficiency than inpatients sampled on 0-2 days (p = .007). "
4.	Glycemic Control 08/01/2021 - "Our study shows that patients with ED have a vitamin D deficiency and a poor glycemic control." 09/13/2022 - "Thus, managing vitamin D deficiency in patients with T2DM may improve glycemic control and lower BCAA levels." 01/01/2022 - "We evaluated the prevalence and association of Vitamin D deficiency with glycemic control and CVD risk in T2DM patients. " 02/01/2020 - "An association between vitamin D deficiency and poor glycemic control was determined using multinomial logistic regression analysis. " 01/01/2020 - "Duration of diabetes rather than glycemic control is associated with vitamin D deficiency. "
5.	Intramuscular Injections 12/01/2016 - "The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin D3 after intramuscular injection in Korean adults with vitamin D deficiency. " 12/01/2016 - "Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 B.O.N intramuscular injection in Korean adults with vitamin D deficiency." 10/04/2016 - "A total of 105 patients with DES refractory to conventional treatment and vitamin D deficiency that was treated with an intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol (200,000 IU). " 05/01/2015 - "Patients with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/l) were treated with vitamin D3 supplements (high oral dose or intramuscular injection). " 08/01/2011 - "Manifestations of severe vitamin D deficiency in adolescents: effects of intramuscular injection of a megadose of cholecalciferol."