Vesico-Ureteral Reflux (Vesicoureteral Reflux)

Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1266 relevant articles (78 outcomes, 121 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infection)
2.	Cicatrix (Scar)
3.	Neurogenic Urinary Bladder (Bladder, Neurogenic)
4.	Pyelonephritis
5.	Hydronephrosis

Experts

1.	Puri, Prem: 24 articles (10/2013 - 02/2002)
2.	Kirsch, Andrew J: 20 articles (09/2014 - 07/2003)
3.	Chertin, Boris: 16 articles (09/2014 - 02/2002)
4.	Scherz, Hal C: 16 articles (08/2012 - 07/2003)
5.	Canning, Douglas A: 12 articles (05/2014 - 12/2002)
6.	Kajbafzadeh, Abdol-Mohammad: 10 articles (07/2014 - 12/2006)
7.	Nelson, Caleb P: 10 articles (06/2014 - 01/2008)
8.	Retik, Alan B: 10 articles (02/2014 - 04/2008)
9.	Cooper, Christopher S: 9 articles (06/2012 - 08/2002)
10.	Hansson, Sverker: 8 articles (03/2015 - 09/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Vesico-Ureteral Reflux:

1.	dextranomerIBA 04/01/2015 - "Factors affecting the success of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux and comparison of two dextranomer based bulking agents: does bulking substance matter?" 02/01/2007 - "We performed a multi-institutional study of 80 patients (97 ureters) who were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux and had failed endoscopic treatment with dextranomer microspheres. " 09/01/2012 - "The diameter of dextranomer microsphere does not affect the short-term success rate in endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. " 09/01/2012 - "Does the diameter of dextranomer microspheres affect the success in endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux?" 02/01/2007 - "A review of failures of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with dextranomer microspheres."
2.	Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan)IBA 10/01/2010 - "Endoscopic treatment of primary grade V vesicoureteral reflux using hyaluronic acid copolymer (DX/HA)." 10/01/2007 - "Endoscopic treatment with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is safe and highly effective for eradicating high grade vesicoureteral reflux in infants. " 05/01/2014 - "Dextranomer hyaluronic acid (DxHA) copolymer, an agent with proven efficacy in vesicoureteral reflux, was studied with respect to its effects on the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). " 05/01/2013 - "Our results confirm the safety and efficacy of endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in eradicating intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux in patients with complete duplex systems. " 05/01/2013 - "Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid endoscopic injection is effective in the treatment of intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux in patients with complete duplex systems."
3.	Succimer (Dimercaptosuccinic Acid)FDA Link 10/01/2009 - "We evaluated the efficacy of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and ultrasound (US) in comparison with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in predicting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children below the age of 2 years. " 08/01/1994 - "Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal scans were performed on 75 children (115 refluxing renal units) to determine the efficacy of routine scanning in patients with various grades of vesicoureteral reflux. " 07/01/2011 - "To evaluate the accuracy of acute-phase DMSA scanning in identifying dilating (grades III through V) vesicoureteral reflux documented by VCUG in children with a first febrile UTI, we performed a meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests as reported from relevant studies identified through the PubMed and Scopus databases. " 01/01/2009 - "In these studies, vesico-ureteral reflux was diagnosed by voiding cystourethrogram and kidney damage was assessed by either DMSA scan or urography. " 06/01/2004 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of DMSA scintigraphy performed during UTI as a predictor of patient outcome, to identify children at risk of events [vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) or recurrent UTI] that may lead to the development of progressive renal damage. "
4.	dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymerIBA 10/01/2003 - "Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer is effective in either double ureters or a small kidney." 10/01/2002 - "In an open label study we investigated the effect of voiding dysfunction on the efficacy of endoscopic treatment with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer in patients with vesicoureteral reflux. " 10/01/2008 - "Injecting dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer has gained popularity as first line treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. " 10/01/2006 - "To examine the outcomes of renal ultrasound studies after subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer and provide recommendations for postoperative management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). " 10/01/2006 - "Renal ultrasound studies after endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer for vesicoureteral reflux."
5.	defluxIBA 10/01/2006 - "Endoscopic subureteral injection of Deflux is excellent first line treatment in children with high grade vesicoureteral reflux. " 12/01/2013 - "This study aims to assess pediatric urology practice patterns and factors which influence the use of Deflux(®) in the management of vesicoureteral reflux among pediatric urologists. " 08/01/1995 - "In a clinical study we investigated the implantation technique and the short (3 months) and long-term (1 year) effects of Deflux implantation in 75 children (101 ureters) with grades III and IV vesicoureteral reflux. " 09/01/2014 - "Evaluation of new Deflux administration techniques: intraureteric HIT and Double HIT for the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux." 05/01/2013 - "To report the results of a single-center experience with the endoscopic injection of Deflux as the initial minimally invasive approach in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and coexisting obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJO) level who presented with VUR. "
6.	Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)FDA Link 09/01/1998 - "Endoscopic subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) injection has been used successfully to treat primary and secondary vesicoureteral reflux in children. " 09/01/1998 - "The results of this multicenter survey confirm that endoscopic subureteral polytetrafluoroethylene injection is a simple, safe and effective outpatient procedure for treating all grades of vesicoureteral reflux." 09/01/1988 - "Endoscopic injection of Teflon paste under the submucosal portion of the ureter in the bladder is a new treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. " 01/01/1990 - "Ureteral lesions due to endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux by injection of Teflon: pathological study." 05/01/2008 - "Role of the Teflon deposit in the recurrence of vesicoureteral reflux."
7.	CollagenIBA 05/01/1996 - "Endoscopic injection of collagen is effective treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. " 05/01/1996 - "We determined therapeutic and operative cost efficacy of endoscopic collagen injection for vesicoureteral reflux. " 12/01/2003 - "We investigated intravesical ureteral endings using immunohistochemical methods to study general morphology, smooth muscle architecture and collagen composition in children with vesicoureteral reflux. " 01/01/2007 - "Use of collagen for endoscopic correction in complicated vesicoureteral reflux." 01/01/2006 - "We emphasize that the usage of gluteraldehyde cross-linked bovine collagen in children appears to be safe for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux."
8.	baysilon (polydimethylsiloxane)IBA 11/01/2002 - "Endoscopic subureteral injection of polydimethylsiloxane implant in children with primary grades II to IV vesicoureteral reflux appears to be an effective, safe and minimally invasive technique." 11/01/2001 - "Endoscopic subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection is an effective treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children. " 11/01/2002 - "After a single injection polydimethylsiloxane cured vesicoureteral reflux in 45 ureteral units (81.8%), while in 5 (9.1%) the condition was improved. " 11/01/2001 - "Efficacy of endoscopic subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children: a North American clinical report." 04/01/2014 - "A total of 20 children (31 ureters) with primary grades II to V vesicoureteral reflux were treated with subureteral Macroplastique ® injection from 2010 to 2011 and followed for an average of 12 months (range 3 to 24). "
9.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 09/01/2000 - "We evaluated by means of a bioassay the efficacy of 4 different antibiotics administered in a prophylactic dose to children with vesicoureteral reflux. " 09/01/2000 - "A bioassay evaluation of the urinary antibacterial efficacy of low dose prophylactic antibiotics in children with vesicoureteral reflux." 09/01/2007 - "A prospective randomized controlled study was done to compare the preventive effect of probiotics with conventional antibiotics in children with persistent primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). " 01/01/2015 - "Vesico-ureteral reflux and previous antibiotics use were found to be independent risk factors for ESBL-producing E. " 12/01/2013 - "In this review, we discuss the need for radiological investigations and the extent of their use as well as the need for prophylactic antibiotics in children with UTI and vesicoureteral reflux. "
10.	CreatinineIBA 11/01/1998 - "Bladder capacity throughout the study revealed consistently higher volumes in group 2 than in group 1. In 3 of the 4 group 1 subjects vesicoureteral reflux developed compared to no reflux in group 2. Creatinine levels were elevated at sacrifice in 50% of the animals in group 1 compared to none in group 2. Random bladder residual urine was less than 150 cc in 3 of the 4 group 2 subjects. " 01/01/2011 - "Compared to infants without vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) (n=68), infants with VUR (n=11; two with Grade I, three with Grade II, five with Grade III, two with Grade IV) showed a significantly lower (P=.006) maximum urine osmolality and a significantly higher microalbumin/creatinine ratio (P<.001) and NAG/creatinine ratio (P=.003). " 10/01/2006 - "The age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, initial serum creatinine, method of treatment, presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and hydroureteronephrosis (HUN), all of which may effect the prognosis, were evaluated. " 05/01/2005 - "Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), renal dysplasia, serum creatinine during followup and urodynamic parameters were recorded. " 06/01/2004 - "The presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), renal dysplasia, serum creatinine during followup as well as urodynamic abnormalities were recorded. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 05/01/2010 - "This knowledge may help to develop effective interventions to improve compliance and underscores the importance of reporting compliance in clinical studies evaluating the usefulness of antibiotic prophylaxis in vesicoureteral reflux management." 03/01/2015 - "Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux: systematic review and meta-analysis." 12/01/2002 - "The spontaneous resolution rate of vesicoureteral reflux is helpful for determining the need for surgical intervention and the proper followup schedule in patients on antibiotic prophylaxis. " 05/01/2015 - "In contrast to recently published studies and guidelines, this meta-analysis supports antibiotic prophylaxis in all children with vesicoureteral reflux regardless of reflux grade. " 05/01/2015 - "After analyzing the first published studies we found that antibiotic prophylaxis would be beneficial only in children with high grade vesicoureteral reflux. "
2.	Replantation 11/01/1987 - "Delayed spontaneous resolution of high grade vesicoureteral reflux after reimplantation." 09/01/2000 - "Ureteral reimplantation is an effective treatment for primary vesicoureteral reflux. " 06/01/2006 - "Laparoscopic extravesical transperitoneal reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux is a safe and effective approach even in bilateral simultaneous and duplex ureters, with success rates similar to the open technique, and a dramatic reduction in postoperative stay. " 03/01/2012 - "To prospectively review our experience with extravesical robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation to determine whether postoperative voiding dysfunction can be avoided with pelvic plexus visualization and to assess the efficacy of this approach for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). " 05/01/2011 - "Future large scale studies will be required to define further the costs and benefits of robotic assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux."
3.	Injections 03/01/2004 - "In this study we investigated glass spheres (GSs) as an alternative injectable substance to correct vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in an animal model. " 01/01/2015 - "Injections including the trigone zone do not cause vesicoureteral reflux. " 07/01/2010 - "Vesicoureteral reflux was also assessed before and after 3 months of injections. " 03/01/2008 - "[Our experience using various injectable materials for the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux]." 01/01/2008 - "The goal of this review is to present current indications, injectable agents, techniques, success rates, complications, and potential future applications of endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. "
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 02/01/1994 - "Based on the good results of autologous lipoinjection in other situations, we performed lipoinjection for vesicoureteral reflux in 12 renal transplant candidates. " 07/01/1993 - "In this study 103 out of our 125 CsA-treated patients who received between January 1985 and December 1989 a first cadaver kidney transplant that functioned for at least one year were studied with voiding cystography (VC) for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). " 01/01/1975 - "The purpose of the study was to assess the frequency of vesico-ureteral reflux into the autologous ureters, into the ureter and pelvicalyceal system of the graft and the frequency of morphological and functional changes of the urinary bladder including its contraction during micturition. " 01/01/2013 - "Vesicoureteral reflux after renal transplant is common. " 08/15/2011 - "Correlations between pretransplant dialysis duration, bladder capacity, and prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux to the graft."
5.	Catheters 11/01/1992 - "Both patients achieved stabilization of their renal function, continence, resolution of vesicoureteral reflux, and relief from indwelling urethral catheters. " 01/01/1989 - "Sixty patients with vesico-ureteral reflux underwent a thorough urodynamic investigation including multiple spontaneous voidings, a combined video voiding cystourethrography, cystometry and pressure flow study via suprapubic catheters. " 02/01/2013 - "In our patient, malpositioning of the vesical catheter yielded a misleading pressure profile of primarily rhythmic pressure increases suggestive of severe detrusor overactivity and vesicoureteral reflux on fluoroscopy. " 06/01/2002 - "Double J shape ureteral catheter was placed in the left ureter to induce vesicoureteral reflux and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was instilled intravesically every week. " 01/01/2002 - "A DP catheter was placed retrogradely, and the appearance of vesicoureteral reflux was confirmed by cystography. "