Venous Insufficiency

Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.

Also Known As:

Networked: 854 relevant articles (84 outcomes, 122 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Varicose Veins (Varicose Vein)
2.	Leg Ulcer
3.	Ulcer
4.	Edema
5.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Experts

1.	Belcaro, G: 19 articles (09/2010 - 10/2001)
2.	Cesarone, M R: 19 articles (09/2010 - 10/2001)
3.	Dugall, M: 17 articles (09/2010 - 01/2002)
4.	Ricci, A: 12 articles (09/2010 - 07/2002)
5.	Ippolito, E: 12 articles (09/2010 - 01/2002)
6.	Cacchio, M: 8 articles (09/2010 - 10/2001)
7.	Pellegrini, L: 8 articles (09/2010 - 03/2005)
8.	Belcaro, Gianni: 7 articles (12/2015 - 05/2002)
9.	Di Renzo, A: 7 articles (09/2010 - 05/2003)
10.	Ledda, A: 7 articles (09/2010 - 03/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Venous Insufficiency:

1.	Diosmin (Daflon)IBA 06/01/1994 - "A review of the pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy of Daflon 500 mg in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and related disorders." 11/01/2001 - "The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the clinical efficacy of Daflon therapy in patients with mild to moderate chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) (clinical class 1-4) and to assess the changes in venous hemodynamics by using air plethysmography (APG). " 06/01/1994 - "The efficacy of Daflon 500 mg has been investigated in three double-blind, randomized trials using strain gauge plethysmography to provide quantitative information on venous hemodynamics in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. " 01/01/1997 - "[The chronobiology and clinical efficacy of Daflon in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency]." 01/01/2006 - "The study was held to assess clinical effectiveness of coaggregated semisynthetic Diosmin (Phlebodia 600) for patients with II-III CEAP classes of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), caused by lower limb variceal diseases. "
2.	troxerutinIBA 06/01/2010 - "This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of Venoruton (O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides) (HR) (Novartis Consumer Healthcare) in subjects with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 03/01/2006 - "Circulating endothelial cells in venous blood as a marker of endothelial damage in chronic venous insufficiency: improvement with venoruton." 03/01/2005 - "The aim of this independent study was to demonstrate the rapidity of the clinical action of HR 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides, Venoruton (Novartis Consumer Health) in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 03/01/2005 - "HR, 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides; (Venoruton): rapid relief of signs/symptoms in chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy: a prospective, controlled study." 05/01/2002 - "Oxerutins (Venoruton): efficacy in chronic venous insufficiency--a double-blind, randomized, controlled study."
3.	pycnogenolsIBA 09/01/2010 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of standardized French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 10/01/2006 - "In conclusion, this study confirms the fast clinical efficacy of Pycnogenol in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and venous microangiopathy. " 10/01/2006 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of oral Pycnogenol (Horphag Research Ltd, UK) in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency. " 10/01/2000 - "The aim of out study was to investigate the efficacy of Pycnogenol - a French maritime pine bark extract - in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 03/01/2014 - "Improvements of venous tone with pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency: an ex vivo study on venous segments."
4.	EscinIBA 06/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of domestic beta-aescin treating chronic venous insufficiency through observing its actions on the isolated canine saphenous venous tension, venous pressure, venous return and lymphatic return. " 06/01/2013 - "These finding suggested that domestic betabeta-aescin extracted from Chinese Buckeye Seed had an effect on chronic venous insufficiency by strengthening the venous tension, increasing the venous pressure and promoting venous return and lymphatic return." 06/01/2013 - "Effect of beta-aescin extract from Chinese buckeye seed on chronic venous insufficiency." 10/01/2011 - "A new cyclodextrin-grafted viscose loaded with aescin formulations for a cosmeto-textile approach to chronic venous insufficiency." 10/01/2008 - "beta-Escin, the major active compound in extracts of the horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum seed, has shown clinically significant activity in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). "
5.	essential 303 forteIBA 05/01/2004 - "Efficacy of topical treatment with aescin + essential phospholipids gel in a microcirculatory model of venous insufficiency." 05/01/2004 - "Microcirculatory efficacy of topical treatment with aescin + essential phospholipids gel on transcutaneous PO2 in venous insufficiency." 05/01/2004 - "Microcirculatory efficacy of topical treatment with aescin + essential phospholipids gel in venous insufficiency and hypertension: new clinical observations." 05/01/2004 - "Efficacy of topical treatment with aescin + essential phospholipids gel in venous insufficiency and hypertension." 05/01/2004 - "Aescin and essential phospholipids (AEPL) in a gel was used in a microcirculatory model to assess the effects on skin perfusion in chronic venous insufficiency and severe venous hypertension. "
6.	Rutin (Rutoside)IBA 01/01/1981 - "A double-blind trial of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside in patients with chronic venous insufficiency." 04/01/2001 - "The aim of this comparative clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of the association of alphatocopherol, rutin, melilotus officinalis, and centella asiatica with oral administration in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. " 01/01/1987 - "Venous insufficiency of the lower limbs in oral contraceptive users was treated with Venoruton 1000 (o-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside) at a high dose of 3 g/day in a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. " 04/01/2001 - "[Effectiveness of the combination of alpha tocopherol, rutin, melilotus, and centella asiatica in the treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency]." 01/01/2015 - "The first one compared a phlebotonic (rutoside) with placebo for the reduction in symptoms of varicose veins; the second study evaluated the efficacy of troxerutin in comparison to placebo among 30 pregnant women in their second trimester with symptomatic vulvar varicosities and venous insufficiency in their lower extremities. "
7.	Calcium DobesilateIBA 04/01/1990 - "The aim of this double-blind placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Doxium in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 06/01/2011 - "To test the efficacy of calcium dobesilate (CaD) in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 04/01/1990 - "Doxium 500 in chronic venous insufficiency: a double-blind placebo controlled multicentre study." 03/31/1990 - "Fourty patients with lower limb chronic venous insufficiency entered a randomised placebo controlled study with calcium dobesilate for one month. " 10/01/1988 - "Calcium dobesilate was studied in a double-blind trial in 30 normal subjects and in 30 patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). "
8.	FlavonoidsIBA 01/01/2000 - "The RELIEF study (Reflux assEssment and quality of life improvement with micronized Flavonoids in chronic venous insufficiency [CVI]) is a prospective, controlled, multicenter, international study performed in patients with or without venous reflux. " 09/30/1984 - "[Comparative capillaroscopic study of certain bioflavonoids and total triterpenic fractions of Centella asiatica in venous insufficiency]." 01/01/1972 - "Studies on blood viscosity in chronic venous insufficiency, with regard to treatment with flavonoids." 01/01/1999 - "Flavonoids are widely used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 11/15/1967 - "The debatable value of flavonoids in the venous insufficiency of the legs."
9.	AS 195IBA 01/25/2006 - "This study has shown a fast onset of action and an excellent efficacy of the vitis viniferae Folia AS 195 extract in Chronic Venous Insufficiency." 01/25/2006 - "[Efficacy of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 in Chronic Venous Insufficiency]." 02/01/2000 - "Efficacy of orally administered extract of red vine leaf AS 195 (folia vitis viniferae) in chronic venous insufficiency (stages I-II). " 01/25/2006 - "An open, observational clinical study to investigate the onset of action of the extract of the red vine-leaf AS 195 has been conducted in 39 patients suffering from Chronic Venous Insufficiency [CVI; grade I or II according to the Widmer classification (grade 2 to 4 of the international CEAP classification)]. " 01/01/2003 - "In previous clinical studies AS 195 (hard gelatine capsules) has shown oedema-preventing and subjective symptoms alleviating properties in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). "
10.	TabletsIBA 01/01/2004 - "An open study to assess the safety and efficacy of Aesculus hippocastanum tablets (Aesculaforce 50mg) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency." 04/01/1988 - "The following characteristics emerged: (1) significant improvement of venous capacitance, distensibility, and emptying times, as from the 2nd hour following Daflon 500 mg administration; (2) dose-response relationship, with an optimal dose of 2 tablets per day; (3) rapid onset and long duration of action; (4) significant hemodynamic effect on the venous system, whatever the type of venous insufficiency: organic, functional or gestational." 09/01/2005 - "Because venous insufficiency is linked to venous hypertension and an inflammatory reaction, it appears that Daflon 500 mg 2 tablets daily shows a great potential for accomplishing blockade of the inflammatory cascade."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Compression Stockings 10/01/2000 - "After four weeks of treatment, compression with class 1 Elastic Compression Stockings allows a statistically significant improvement of Quality of Life and a decreasing of limb oedema in patients presenting with mild chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs. " 11/01/1996 - "The results lead us to conclude that (i) the method presented here enables a quantification of the venolymphatic drainage and (ii) that therapy with compression stockings, for both healthy test persons and patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency, leads to a significant improvement of venolymphatic drainage." 03/28/1990 - "[A new type of compression stocking is more effective in deep venous insufficiency]." 11/01/2008 - "Compression therapy with medical elastic compression stockings (MECS) has been used effectively for treating patients with chronic venous insufficiency for many years. " 07/01/2001 - "In order to evaluate the correlation between the pressure exerted by compression stockings and a resulting improvement in venous hemodynamics, we carried out an open, randomized, prospective study on 22 patients (11 women and 11 men with an average age of 55.1 [10.3]) with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in the clinical stages C1-4, Ep, AS, Ap, PR. "
2.	Sclerotherapy 05/01/2012 - "Foam sclerotherapy has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for superficial venous insufficiency, but transient visual and neurologic disturbances continue to be reported. " 01/01/2010 - "However, few studies have focused on the efficacy of sclerosing foam compared with that of sclerosing liquid in sclerotherapy of venous insufficiency. " 04/01/1985 - "To answer the question of whether varicosities should be eliminated by surgery or sclerotherapy in patients with severe stages of chronic venous insufficiency (e.g. " 09/01/2015 - "Patients with venous insufficiency can be treated with office-based, minimally invasive means like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS). " 03/01/2015 - "To portray the initial experience at a public health center of the Federal District of Brazil in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in patients in advanced stages of the disease. "
3.	Lasers (Laser) 01/01/2009 - "Taking into consideration the pathogenetic aspects of the formation and course of the latter, substantiated herein is a promising nature, and more importantly, rather high efficacy of using minimally invasive and sparing methods of surgical correction for chronic venous insufficiency, particularly, that of the means of endovascular surgery, sclerosurgery and laser-mediated obliteration of veins." 06/01/2015 - "To describe technical feasibility and safety of perforating vein ablation with the use of a 1,470-nm laser and bare-tip fiber in the management of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). " 09/01/2007 - "Role of endovenous laser treatment in the management of chronic venous insufficiency." 09/01/2005 - "We assessed the safety and efficacy of endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) of the saphenous vein combined with a surgical strategy for treatment of deep venous insufficiency in the lower extremity. " 12/30/2013 - "The development of new laser tools (new wavelengths and continuous radial laser) and the improvement of clinical follow up may lead us to a more correct application of EVLT in the absence of randomized trials because of widespread clinical findings and poor pathological follow-up of this approach to superficial venous insufficiency."
4.	Ligation 12/01/2009 - "Minimally invasive treatment of venous insufficiency is efficacious, with less morbidity than high ligation and stripping, allowing for successful treatment and improved patient satisfaction." 05/01/1999 - "Endoscopic subfascial perforating vein ligation: its complementary role in the surgical management of chronic venous insufficiency." 12/01/2012 - "Saphenopopliteal ligation (SPL) for venous insufficiency is a challenging procedure, with mixed results being reported. " 04/01/2012 - "Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a widely accepted alternative to high ligation with proximal stripping of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in the treatment of lower extremity venous insufficiency. " 10/01/2007 - "We observed no significant sequelae of chronic venous insufficiency, and venous ligation had no detrimental effect on associated arterial repair. "
5.	Catheters 09/01/2013 - "Modern surgical management of chronic venous insufficiency is possible since the development of catheter-based minimally invasive techniques, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and the application of colour Doppler sonography. " 03/01/1984 - "With further study, deep posterior compartment pressures using the slit catheter technique may prove to be a valuable aid in the diagnosis of venous insufficiency." 01/11/2014 - "We assessed narrowing of the internal jugular and azygous veins with catheter venography and ultrasound criteria for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency proposed by Zamboni and colleagues. " 12/01/2013 - "Assessment of jugular endovascular malformations in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: colour-Doppler scanning and catheter venography compared with intravascular ultrasound." 06/01/2012 - "Catheter venography and endovascular treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency."