Venoms

Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3166 relevant articles (180 outcomes, 301 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Gutiérrez, José María: 42 articles (01/2016 - 03/2002)
2.	Isbister, Geoffrey K: 36 articles (01/2016 - 12/2002)
3.	Calvete, Juan J: 25 articles (06/2015 - 11/2007)
4.	Hyslop, Stephen: 24 articles (01/2016 - 04/2003)
5.	Brown, Simon G A: 23 articles (01/2016 - 03/2003)
6.	Lomonte, Bruno: 19 articles (01/2015 - 08/2002)
7.	Girish, K S: 18 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)
8.	Hodgson, Wayne C: 18 articles (11/2015 - 05/2003)
9.	Rucavado, Alexandra: 18 articles (05/2015 - 10/2003)
10.	Kemparaju, K: 17 articles (12/2015 - 01/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 01/01/2010 - "SCIT is the only and a very effective treatment for insect venom allergy. " 04/01/2006 - "The availability of recombinant Api m 3 provides a tool for both the development of improved diagnostic tests and the design of safer and more effective immunotherapeutic approaches for honeybee venom allergy. " 08/01/2014 - "Allergen immunotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for respiratory allergies and Hymenoptera venom allergy. " 03/01/2000 - "The findings of this meta-analysis support the conclusion that SIT is effective in the treatment of Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity." 03/01/1989 - "The epidemiology and natural history of insect venom allergy is emerging in the past decade and has clarified the reasons for the false perceptions that whole body extracts of the insects were considered effective for therapy. "
2.	Bites and Stings (Sting) 06/01/1981 - "Clinical studies suggested that venom-antibody titres too low to be detected by ELISA may be boosted with further bites; and more importantly, homologous venom-antibody may afford significant protection against further envenoming. " 08/01/1999 - "Venom antigenemia disappeared within 1 hr of antivenom treatment but recurred, probably as a result of continued absorption of venom from the site of the bite, after the rapid clearance of therapeutic antibody. " 05/01/1992 - "The mainstay of treatment for poisonous bites is the intravenous administration of the appropriate antivenin to neutralize the effects of the venom." 01/01/2012 - "Finally, the aim of the present review is to study historical characteristics and current status of Africanized bees' spread, the composition of their venom, the impact of the bees on the Brazilian economy and ecology, and clinical aspects of their stings including immune response, and to suggest a protocol for bee sting management since there is no safe and effective antivenom available." 06/13/2014 - "brevicaudus bites, and the design of venom mixtures that will increase the efficacy of commercial antivenom. "
3.	Anaphylaxis (Anaphylactic Shock) 10/01/2005 - "SIT is also effective for venom anaphylaxis. " 09/01/2015 - "This study reports the first systemic reaction to venom SPT and the first anaphylactic reaction after drug SPT. " 01/01/2015 - "The aim of our study was to assess the state of knowledge and to evaluate the quality of life and the anxiety level in patients allergic to the Hymenoptera venom after anaphylactic reaction. " 03/01/2012 - "Thirty-one children with a history of honeybee venom-induced systemic anaphylaxis were included in this prospective, single-blinded study. " 01/01/2010 - "These studies demonstrated the presence of an aberrant mast cell clone in a significant proportion of patients with unexplained anaphylaxis, or anaphylaxis due to hymenoptera venom. "
4.	Insect Bites and Stings (Insect Bite) 05/01/2001 - "In our 1976 controlled venom immuno rapy trial, 33% of 182 patients with a history of systemic reactions to insect stings were excluded because of negative venom skin test responses. " 12/01/2010 - "In some patients persistent severe reactions after insect sting can even occur in spite of venom therapy, as a sign of therapy failure. " 10/01/2004 - "Fifty-seven consecutive patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom as defined by a systemic reaction after an insect sting, and 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects with a negative history were included. " 07/01/2004 - "Lastly, there are new recommendations for patients with convincing insect sting reaction histories but negative skin test responses to venom." 01/01/1997 - "The prevalence of insect-sting reactions and of venom sensitization in Greece is unknown. "
5.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 11/01/1988 - "A seventh patient developed asthma, 12 hours following a maintenance dose of 50 micrograms of yellow jacket venom. " 03/01/2012 - "For the American line: Clowes published the first successful trial of ragweed SCIT (1913); Cooke used skin prick testing as diagnostic method (1915); Loveless used venom immunotherapy with purified venom (not whole body extract) (1956); in 1961/1968 Johnstone showed in a DBPC-RCT dose-effect of an allergen mix and highly significant asthma reduction after up to 14 yrs of treatment of asthmatic children; Lowell and Franklin did the first DB-RCT demonstrating ragweed pollen efficacy as part of a multi-allergen mix and 1967 ragweed pollen extract dose response. " 01/01/2001 - "A total of 5,108 immunotherapy doses were administered to 339 patients (123 males and 216 females): 254 patients (75%) received mite, 48 patients (14.1%) pollen, 7 patients (2%) cat, 2 patients (0.6%) Alternaria alternata, and 38 patients (11.2%) hymenoptera venom immunotherapy; 238 patients (70.2%) had rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, 59 (17.4%) rhinoconjunctivitis, 5 (1.4%) asthma, and 38 (11.2) hymenoptera sensitivity. " 04/01/2007 - "It is effective treatment for sensitivity to Hymenoptera venom and for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. " 01/01/1987 - "In allergic asthma and in Hymenoptera venom sensitivity patients, IgE-dependent activation of platelets expressed by the release of cytocidal mediators and oxidative burst can be specifically triggered by the corresponding allergen. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Venoms
2.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
3.	Allergens
4.	Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
5.	Tryptases (Tryptase)
6.	Antibodies
7.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
8.	Antivenins (Antivenoms)
9.	Wasp Venoms (Venom, Wasp)
10.	Peptides

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy
2.	Injections
3.	Premedication
4.	Subcutaneous Injections
5.	Tourniquets