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Vancomycin

Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.

Also Known As:

AB-Vancomycin; Abbott Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Azupharma Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Chiesi Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Combino Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Dakota Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Diatracin; Dista Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Eli Lilly Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Hexal Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Lilly Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; MIP Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Norman Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; VANCO-cell; Vanco Azupharma; Vanco-saar; Vancocin; Vancocin HCl; Vancocine; Vancomicina Abbott; Vancomicina Chiesi; Vancomicina Combino Phar; Vancomicina Norman; Vancomycin Hexal; Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Vancomycin Lilly; Vancomycin Phosphate (1:2); Vancomycin Phosphate (1:2), Decahydrate; Vancomycin Sulfate; Vancomycin-ratiopharm; Vancomycine Dakota; cell pharm Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; curasan Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; ratiopharm Brand of Vancomycin Hydrochloride; Hydrochloride, Vancomycin; Sulfate, Vancomycin

Networked: 6093 relevant articles (724 outcomes, 751 trials/studies)

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Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Rybak, Michael J: 39 articles (09/2015 - 04/2002)
2.	Sakoulas, George: 31 articles (07/2015 - 05/2003)
3.	Corey, G Ralph: 25 articles (12/2015 - 06/2005)
4.	Howden, Benjamin P: 19 articles (01/2016 - 02/2004)
5.	Fowler, Vance G: 19 articles (04/2015 - 04/2004)
6.	Lodise, Thomas P: 18 articles (10/2015 - 04/2002)
7.	Kollef, Marin H: 18 articles (01/2014 - 03/2003)
8.	Barriere, Steven L: 16 articles (10/2015 - 06/2005)
9.	Bayer, Arnold S: 16 articles (07/2015 - 11/2003)
10.	Levine, Donald P: 16 articles (01/2015 - 06/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Infection 11/01/2012 - "For infections potentially attributable to gram-positive bacteria, vancomycin is commonly used because it will be effective for highly resistant strains such as MRSA and multidrug-resistant S pneumoniae. " 01/01/2012 - "It has not yet been approved for treatment of infections of this type, but it is starting to be used in this area due to being highly effective against methicillin-resistant bacteria with intermediate sensitivity to vancomycin, particularly when the bacteria are associated with biofilm formation." 08/01/2008 - "From a laboratory perspective, retrieval of serum both pre- and post-administration of vancomycin is most helpful in determining a patient's drug-immunization status and can help guide safe drug use during future infections." 12/01/1996 - "Vancomycin is effective and safe in the treatment of serious infections in extremely low birthweight infants." 02/01/1995 - "It is as effective as vancomycin for most indications, is safe, easy to administer and an important agent for treating Gram-positive infections. "
2.	Endocarditis 10/01/2001 - "In rabbits with aortic endocarditis due to VanE-type resistant strain BM4405, treatment with a standard dose of vancomycin generated subinhibitory plasma concentrations (i.e., peak of 36.3 +/- 2.1 microg/ml and trough of 6.0 +/- 2.2 microg/ml) and led to no significant reduction in mean aortic valve vegetation counts compared to no treatment of control animals. " 06/01/1990 - "The superior prophylactic efficacy of vancomycin in this endocarditis model related to the superior pharmacokinetic profile of the drug when it was given intermittently at dose intervals of every 6 h." 05/01/1998 - "The study aimed to determine the antibacterial therapy effective in the cure of endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis resistant to clinically achievable levels of vancomycin. " 11/01/1981 - "In this study, 10 patients with infective endocarditis were treated with vancomycin or combined therapy; seven were cured. " 09/01/2011 - "Continuous infusion may improve the efficacy of vancomycin in treatment of experimental endocarditis due to heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus."
3.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 11/01/2011 - "A prospective cohort study was performed to determine the optimal dose of vancomycin to maintain a serum trough concentration of at least 15 to 20 mg/l and to assess the efficacy of this target vancomycin concentration in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. " 09/01/2009 - "Due to the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate resistance at a fAUC24/MIC of < or = 210, exceeding this exposure breakpoint in ELF may help to guide optimal dosage regimens in the treatment of MRSA pneumonia." 01/01/2004 - "Clinical and pharmacokinetic information was used to determine the following: (i) whether steady-state 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24) divided by the MIC (AUC24/MIC) values for vancomycin could be precisely calculated with a software program; (ii) whether the percentage of time vancomycin serum concentrations were above the MIC (%Time>MIC) was an important determinant of vancomycin response; (iii) whether the time to bacterial eradication differed as the AUC24/MIC value increased; (iv) whether the time to bacterial eradication for vancomycin differed compared with other antibacterials at the same AUC24/MIC value; and (v) whether a relationship existed between time to bacterial eradication and time to significant clinical improvement of pneumonia symptoms. " 09/01/2005 - "MRSA pneumonia: better outcome through continuous infusion of vancomycin?" 04/01/2011 - "The objective of this study is to assess the distribution of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and evaluate the efficacy of vancomycin relative to vancomycin MICs in adult patients with MRSA nosocomial pneumonia. "
4.	Bacteremia 10/15/2010 - "A significant increase in the rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) bacteremia at our health service, despite improved infection control, prompted us to investigate the cause. " 06/01/2004 - "For MRSA isolates with vancomycin MICs < or = 0.5 microg/ml, vancomycin was 55.6% successful in the treatment of bacteremia whereas vancomycin was only 9.5% effective in cases in which vancomycin MICs for MRSA were 1 to 2 microg/ml. Patients with MRSA that was more effectively killed at 72 h by vancomycin in vitro had a higher clinical success rate with vancomycin therapy in the treatment of bacteremia (log(10) < 4.71 [n = 9], 0%; log(10) 4.71 to 6.26 [n = 13], 23.1%; log(10) > 6.27 [n = 8], 50%). " 11/01/2003 - "The combination therapy resulted in clearance of bacteremia that was significantly faster than that of vancomycin alone in animals with well-established (24-h) IE. " 03/01/2012 - "Higher vancomycin trough concentrations improved outcomes in patients with complicated MRSA bacteremia. " 03/01/2010 - "Further studies are needed to determine if vancomycin should be the first-line treatment for MRSA bacteremia in premature infants and for PVL-positive isolates."
5.	Peritonitis 03/01/1979 - "Because of this, parenteral vancomycin is useful in the treatment of staphylococcal peritonitis in CPD patients." 10/01/1987 - "Vancomycin was eliminated slowly with a mean total clearance of 7 +/- 3 mL/min/70 kg and a distribution volume of 1.2 +/- 0.3 L/kg. The resultant mean serum t1/2 over the first week was 184 hours and the mean serum concentration at 168 hours was 10 +/- 4 mcg/mL. Based on the positive clinical outcome (100% cure) among patients with uncomplicated gram-positive peritonitis, the potential use of this alternative vancomycin dosing regimen is proposed." 08/01/1983 - "In the present study, 82 percent of gram-positive peritonitis episodes were cured following the intravenous administration of vancomycin at weekly intervals. " 09/01/2013 - "We compared the efficacy of a synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetic (Ltx21) versus vancomycin in a murine model mimicking a device-related peritonitis. " 09/01/2013 - "Efficacy of a synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetic versus vancomycin in a Staphylococcus epidermidis device-related murine peritonitis model."

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