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Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)

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A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.

Also Known As:

Valproate, Semisodium; Sodium, Valproate; Depakote; Valproate; Depakene; Divalproex; Divalproex Sodium; 2-Propylpentanoic Acid; Calcium Valproate; Convulsofin; Depakine; Ergenyl; Magnesium Valproate; Propylisopropylacetic Acid; Semisodium Valproate; Valproate Sodium; Valproic Acid, Sodium Salt (2:1); Vupral; 2 Propylpentanoic Acid; Acetate, Dipropyl; Acid, Propylisopropylacetic; Acid, Valproic; Sodium, Divalproex; Valproate, Calcium; Valproate, Magnesium; Valproate, Sodium; Dipropyl Acetate; Sodium Valproate; Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-

Networked: 6601 relevant articles (790 outcomes, 1134 trials/studies)

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Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Luszczki, Jarogniew J: 38 articles (09/2015 - 05/2003)
2.	Czuczwar, Stanisław J: 27 articles (06/2015 - 08/2002)
3.	Bialer, Meir: 27 articles (02/2014 - 02/2002)
4.	Czuczwar, Stanislaw J: 27 articles (01/2012 - 05/2003)
5.	Verrotti, Alberto: 26 articles (11/2015 - 04/2002)
6.	Calabrese, Joseph R: 25 articles (11/2012 - 01/2002)
7.	Vieta, Eduard: 23 articles (11/2013 - 08/2002)
8.	Bowden, Charles L: 23 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
9.	Alam, Hasan B: 22 articles (01/2016 - 04/2006)
10.	Chiarelli, Francesco: 21 articles (03/2014 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Bipolar Disorder (Mania) 01/01/2007 - "Guidelines for the treatment of type I bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, with or without psychotic features, recommend valproate, alone or in combination with an atypical antipsychotic, as a first-line treatment option; however, most randomised and open-label studies investigating valproate in paediatric populations have only evaluated a small number of participants. " 09/01/2013 - "Sodium valproate (especially if started intravenously) is a highly efficacious, cost-effective treatment approach for acute mania. " 06/01/2003 - "Valproate appears at best modestly effective for bipolar depression. " 10/01/2000 - "Sodium valproate is a highly effective treatment for bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. " 10/01/2000 - "Divalproex has proven efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder. "
2.	Seizures (Seizure) 01/01/2008 - "Results of two recently performed clinical trials (SANAD, VIP-e) indicate that valproate should remain first-line treatment in most patients with generalized seizures, and for its high efficacy valproate should be also considered as first-line therapy in patients with focal onset seizures." 10/01/2004 - "Divalproex ER also yielded improved seizure control and greater improvement of psychiatric symptoms, and was greatly preferred by patients over divalproex DR. Although the results of the current analyses must be considered highly tentative due to the open-label nature of the trials included, the findings do suggest broad clinical superiority of the new ER preparation." 03/01/1989 - "Numerous clinical studies have found valproate to be highly effective in controlling generalized seizures, particularly as monotherapy. " 01/25/1988 - "Results of a retrospective study in 30 patients indicate that, contrary to the findings of some earlier studies, valproate monotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of partial seizures, especially those that become secondarily generalized. " 11/01/2011 - "Valproate monotherapy was highly effective as 75% of treated patients achieved seizure remission. "
3.	Epilepsy (Aura) 01/01/2005 - "The efficacy of sodium valproate for the treatment of most types of epilepsy has been demonstrated extensively and this drug remains the mainstay of treatment for many clinical situations. " 01/01/2001 - "The highest efficiency of depakine was achieved in idiopathic forms of epilepsy (complete remission--in 74% of the cases) and, therefore, depakine can be used as a monotherapy. " 06/01/2000 - "We review the adverse effects and emphasize the need to attain the desired dose after a slow, progressive increase in dosage, particularly when it is associated with valproic acid, since this therapeutic combination is very effective in refractory epilepsies. " 01/01/2009 - "In the second section we review the results of animal research, which could be beneficial in assessing the effects of valproate and epilepsy." 08/01/1994 - "A girl with intractable epilepsy who received high dose valproic acid showed bone marrow suppression, which improved after the end of valproic acid treatment and the administration of supportive treatments. "
4.	Migraine Disorders (Migraine) 03/01/2008 - "Intravenous valproic acid has not been proven effective for acute migraine treatment. " 06/11/2002 - "The mean reductions in 4-week migraine headache rate were 1.2 (from a baseline mean of 4.4) in the extended-release divalproex sodium group and 0.6 (from a baseline mean of 4.2) in the placebo group (p = 0.006); reductions with extended-release divalproex sodium were significantly greater than with placebo in all three 4-week segments of the treatment period. " 11/01/2001 - "Although the results were not statistically significant (P =.3635), intravenous valproate appears to offer a safe, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for patients with acute migraine. " 09/01/2001 - "Valproic acid is effective in migraine prophylaxis at low serum levels: a prospective open-label study." 10/01/2000 - "Numerous studies have shown oral valproate therapy to be effective in preventing migraine. "
5.	Status Epilepticus (Complex Partial Status Epilepticus) 08/09/2005 - "Efficacy of rapid IV administration of valproic acid for status epilepticus." 01/25/2005 - "Efficacy of rapid IV administration of valproic acid for status epilepticus." 08/01/2015 - "Starting with the established antiepileptic drug, valproic acid, we have taken a novel approach to develop new antiseizure drugs that may be effective in status epilepticus. " 06/01/2010 - "Valproate sodium, a commonly used antiepileptic drug (AED), is effective for the treatment of status epilepticus and is often used as a second-line agent when other AEDs are contraindicated. " 01/01/2006 - "Intravenous valproate may be effective for the treatment of convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus that is refractory to conventional drugs. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
2.	Lithium
3.	lamotrigine (Lamictal)
4.	Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic Drugs)
5.	Valproic Acid (Valproate, Semisodium)
6.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)
7.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)
8.	topiramate (Topamax)
9.	olanzapine (Zyprexa)
10.	Clonazepam (Rivotril)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
3.	Vagus Nerve Stimulation
4.	Relaxation Therapy
5.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback)