Urticaria (Hives)

A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.

Also Known As:

Networked: 4634 relevant articles (381 outcomes, 436 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Rhinitis
2.	Pruritus (Itching)
3.	Angioedema
4.	Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
5.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy)

Experts

1.	Maurer, Marcus: 37 articles (09/2015 - 03/2007)
2.	Asero, R: 34 articles (03/2015 - 08/2000)
3.	Park, Hae-Sim: 29 articles (06/2015 - 12/2005)
4.	Maurer, M: 27 articles (09/2015 - 02/2003)
5.	Asero, Riccardo: 23 articles (05/2015 - 05/2002)
6.	Ye, Young-Min: 21 articles (06/2015 - 08/2006)
7.	Tedeschi, A: 20 articles (06/2014 - 05/2001)
8.	Kasperska-Zajac, Alicja: 19 articles (01/2015 - 07/2005)
9.	Kim, Seung-Hyun: 19 articles (09/2014 - 06/2005)
10.	Nettis, E: 19 articles (01/2011 - 01/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Urticaria:

1.	Histamine Antagonists (Antihistamines)IBA 10/01/2015 - "At standard doses, several antihistamines are effective and safe in complete suppression of chronic spontaneous urticaria. " 01/01/2014 - "A significant proportion of patients with chronic urticaria respond inadequately to first line treatment with antihistamines. " 01/01/2013 - "Thus far, studies have demonstrated an increase in efficacy for refractory urticaria by increasing doses of antihistamines; however, more lines of supportive evidence for these guidelines are required to justify this management strategy. " 01/01/2009 - "Treatment and management of chronic urticaria can be non-pharmacological and pharmacological, and sometimes it is not possible to control the disease with antihistamines only, which are considered to be the mainstay of treatment. " 11/01/1994 - "For the majority of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, nonsedating antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment. "
2.	omalizumab (Xolair)FDA Link 02/01/2014 - "Omalizumab is effective in most subsets of chronic urticaria sufferers who do not respond to other treatments but its high cost represents a limitation to its widespread use. " 08/01/2012 - "Two multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in chronic spontaneous urticaria have shown excellent efficacy of omalizumab. " 10/01/2010 - "Because of a poor response and dramatic escalation of symptoms, we initiated therapy with omalizumab resulting in the complete remission of the chronic urticaria after two weeks." 01/01/2014 - "In several clinical trials published between 2011 and 2013, omalizumab significantly reduced or eliminated symptoms of chronic urticaria. " 11/01/2012 - "During omalizumab treatment, the urticaria activity score declined significantly (12.11±1.97 to 2.7±4.23; P=0.001) and the CU-quality of life score improved significantly (34.65±13.58 to 60.88±11.11; P=0.004). "
3.	Cetirizine (Zyrtec)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2013 - "Double dose of cetirizine hydrochloride is effective for patients with urticaria resistant: a prospective, randomized, non-blinded, comparative clinical study and assessment of quality of life." 07/01/2001 - "The results of the present study suggest that cetirizine may represent an effective and safe pharmacologic therapy for chronic urticaria in preschool children. " 08/01/2008 - "Cetirizine as an initial treatment for chronic urticaria appears effective and safe. " 05/01/1991 - "The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist claimed to have minimal sedative property was evaluated in 28 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. " 07/01/1988 - "The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist with minimal sedative or anticholinergic side effects was evaluated in 30 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. "
4.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)FDA Link 05/01/2000 - "Recent studies suggest that histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be useful in the treatment of urticaria. " 01/01/1989 - "These results suggest that alpha-FMH may be useful in the treatment of severe cold urticaria especially in combination with histamine exhaustion of mast cells using cold water." 11/01/2009 - "As for urticaria, the use of oral histamine H1-receptor antagonists is the first line treatment, regardless of the groups, provided that sufficient efforts to eliminate the cause and/or aggravating factors are taken. " 11/01/1990 - "These findings demonstrate a prolongation of skin responses to histamine in patients with urticaria and suggest an impaired clearance of histamine (or other vasoactive agents released by histamine) from the skin of these patients." 03/01/2011 - "Most studies have used histamine release assays rather than autologous serum skin tests (ASSTs) for correlating urticaria severity and histamine releasing activity. "
5.	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)IBA 05/01/2015 - "IgE FcɛR1β polymorphism and risk of developing chronic spontaneous urticaria: A study in an ethnic Kashmiri population." 01/01/2014 - "In this study, we used skin prick test (SPT) and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and G (sIgG) titers to regionally relevant allergen sources in order to determine whether allergic sensitization is more prevalent in CRS patients compared to chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) control patients. " 02/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to compare serum total IgE levels, specific IgE sensitization rates and eosinophil percentages between acute and chronic urticaria in children. " 01/01/2013 - "This study, open and sequential, reports the results of short-term treatment over a sample of adults (21 patients) of both sexes, all suffering from chronic urticaria with IgE levels higher than 200 mU/ml treated with 4 mg/kg/die of CsA. " 04/01/2005 - "This study suggests that IgE-mediated reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of urticaria."
6.	levocetirizineFDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2004 - "Levocetirizine is a new single-isomer antihistamine with a proven efficacy on chronic urticaria as documented in two recent clinical studies, which have included effectiveness and quality of life assessments." 08/31/2010 - "Levocetirizine markedly improved the symptoms of AR and urticaria; with 70-75% of AR patients and 60-80% of urticaria patients reporting complete or marked improvements in individual symptoms. " 01/01/2006 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of levocetirizine, a first-line treatment for urticaria. " 08/01/2011 - "Given the lack of large multi-center studies that compare the treatment options for urticaria, clinicians must rely on potency studies when choosing treatment and levocetirizine does score very highly. " 09/01/2007 - "To study the effect of long-term treatment with the H1-antihistamine levocetirizine on urticaria in young atopic children. "
7.	desloratadine (Aerius)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2009 - "Desloratadine, a non-sedating, second-generation H(1)-receptor antagonist, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). " 12/01/2004 - "Desloratadine, an oral non-sedating antihistamine, has been shown in multiple studies to be safe and effective in relieving the symptoms of AR and chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in adults and adolescents. " 01/01/2010 - "The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of desloratadine 5 mg once daily in four postmarketing surveillance studies in subjects with seasonal AR (SAR) or chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in real-world clinical practice settings. " 03/01/2009 - "Safety and efficacy of desloratadine in chronic idiopathic urticaria in clinical practice: an observational study of 9246 patients." 03/01/2009 - "This study supports current guidelines that increased desloratadine dosing might benefit patients with urticaria who do not respond to standard doses."
8.	AstemizoleIBA 11/15/1986 - "Astemizole proved in this study to be a very effective antihistamine being able to achieve good results even in hard to cure cases like cold urticaria. " 05/01/1988 - "Astemizole is very effective in patients with chronic urticaria. " 09/01/1990 - "A double-blind clinical trial of 51 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria using oral astemizole for 8 weeks demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms and lesions in 75% of treated patients versus 20% in the placebo group. " 12/01/1986 - "This double-blind study evaluated the safety and efficacy of astemizole in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (more than or equal to 3 months). " 04/01/1987 - "Astemizole seems to be a useful treatment for chronic urticaria in pediatrics."
9.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2011 - "After taking cyclosporine at an average dose of 1.8 ± 1.1 mg/kg, 53 (78%) patients attained complete remission defined as ≤ 1 day of hives per month. " 12/01/2011 - "Cyclosporine is an effective treatment for CU, and a history of hives, shorter duration of disease, and CU index ≥10 predict a successful response." 01/01/2015 - "Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine is also effective in the majority of antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients, but its use is limited by potential side effects. " 10/01/2007 - "Cyclosporin is also effective and can be used in selected cases of autoimmune urticaria, and it is also effective in non-autoimmune cases, although less so." 08/01/2004 - "Despite the disabling nature of chronic urticaria (CU), little is known about the disease's duration or the efficacy of adopting aggressive therapeutic regimens such as cyclosporine A. "
10.	Terfenadine (Seldane)IBA 12/01/1985 - "Terfenadine, a potent and non-sedative antihistamine, was shown to be effective in chronic idiopathic urticaria in a double-blind crossover placebo controlled trial. " 03/01/1988 - "Terfenadine is a useful therapeutic agent for primary management of chronic idiopathic urticaria." 09/01/1989 - "The objective of these three double-blind multi-centre studies was to determine whether terfenadine 120 mg once daily has similar efficacy and tolerability as the standard dosage of 60 mg twice daily in the treatment of chronic urticaria. " 08/01/1987 - "A double-blind placebo controlled study of terfenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria." 04/01/1993 - "Treatment of solar urticaria with terfenadine."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Immunotherapy 12/09/2009 - "Remission of chronic urticaria in the course of house dust mite immunotherapy--mere coincidence or something more to it?" 12/30/2008 - "To investigate the prevalence of mite sensitivity in patients with urticaria or other skin rashes, and to observe the clinical efficacy of a specific immunotherapy (SIT) by the Injection dermatophagoides farinae for the patients. " 07/01/2014 - "An unusual case of recurrent "recall urticaria" in a patient on immunotherapy." 05/01/2012 - "Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has long been a controversial treatment for chronic urticaria (CU), although SIT has been used in patients with allergic diseases for more than 90 years. " 04/01/2011 - "Exacerbation of chronic urticaria in the course of house dust mite immunotherapy."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 08/01/2012 - "The highest mean concentration from nine hives used in the inter-hive study was 4627 µg/kg eight days (D8) after treatment. " 03/01/2001 - "In addition, hives were weighed before as well as during the study and cluster counts were conducted at each hive to determine colony strength before and after treatment. " 04/01/2014 - "The bee exposure dose in treated hives was quantified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), giving a median value of 4.3 μg per body 24 h after treatment, with 11 ng in the brain. " 08/15/2013 - "Also, mites' mortality was, significantly, different between the hives before and after treatments. " 02/01/2013 - "They were compared according to the urticaria Total Severity Score (TSS) before and after treatment, cumulative dose, and side effects. "
3.	Intradermal Injections 06/01/2011 - "Intradermal injection of autologous serum and plasma elicit a cutaneous reactivity in almost 45-60% of patients with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU). " 02/01/2011 - "Skin reactivity to the intradermal injection of autologous serum (autologous serum skin test - ASST) and/or plasma (autologous plasma skin test - APST) is thought to identify chronic urticaria (CU) patients with an autoimmune/autoreactive disease. " 06/01/2006 - "Because an intradermal injection of action spectrum (AS)-irradiated serum in a case of solar urticaria induced a wheal response, we studied the responsiveness of the intradermal injection after an IS irradiation. " 03/01/2005 - "The term chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAIU) is used for chronic urticaria in subjects who present a whealing response to the intradermal injection of autologous serum, suggesting the presence of pathogenic antibody activities. " 09/01/2000 - "Intradermal injection of autologous serum elicits a wheal-and-flare response in about 60% of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). "
4.	Injections 03/01/2008 - "To evaluate the efficacy of repeated autologous serum injections (ASIs) in patients with recalcitrant chronic urticaria. " 01/01/2006 - "Autologous whole blood injections to patients with chronic urticaria and a positive autologous serum skin test: a placebo-controlled trial." 12/01/2012 - "Autologous whole blood and autologous serum injections are equally effective as placebo injections in reducing disease activity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a placebo controlled, randomized, single-blind study." 11/01/2010 - "Combination treatment comprising an oral plus injectable form of antihistamine or corticosteroid significantly shortened the duration of urticaria compared to single treatment (p < 0.001), especially in children receiving short-term aggressive treatment in the pediatric observation unit (POU) of the ED." 06/01/2010 - "A total of 11 patients (13.6%) with 18 injections (0.9%) experienced systemic reactions in the SCIT group, involving respiratory distress, asthmatic attacks, and urticaria. "
5.	Plasmapheresis 12/01/2008 - "The diagnosis of refractory chronic urticaria was made and double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was performed. " 12/01/2008 - "A case report of double-filtration plasmapheresis for the resolution of refractory chronic urticaria." 04/01/1993 - "Combined treatment of solar urticaria with plasmapheresis and PUVA." 05/02/1992 - "Plasmapheresis for severe, unremitting, chronic urticaria." 01/01/1991 - "It is suggested that some patients with solar urticaria, probably those with a circulating photoallergen, may benefit from plasmapheresis."