Urinary Incontinence

Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3090 relevant articles (242 outcomes, 365 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Overactive Urinary Bladder (Overactive Bladder)
2.	Erectile Dysfunction
3.	Stress Urinary Incontinence
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Prostatic Neoplasms (Prostate Cancer)

Experts

1.	Richter, Holly E: 21 articles (09/2015 - 09/2003)
2.	Guan, Zhonghong: 18 articles (05/2011 - 05/2006)
3.	Goode, Patricia S: 14 articles (06/2013 - 08/2002)
4.	Burgio, Kathryn L: 14 articles (06/2013 - 08/2002)
5.	Herschorn, Sender: 13 articles (11/2014 - 05/2006)
6.	Bavendam, Tamara: 12 articles (02/2014 - 11/2006)
7.	Newman, Diane K: 11 articles (02/2014 - 01/2004)
8.	Brubaker, Linda: 10 articles (01/2016 - 07/2004)
9.	Haab, François: 10 articles (09/2014 - 10/2002)
10.	Kaplan, Steven A: 10 articles (05/2014 - 12/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Urinary Incontinence:

1.	Estrogens (Estrogen)FDA Link 05/01/2000 - "Thus, the estrogen supplement therapy was considered effective for postmenopausal urinary incontinence." 05/01/1998 - "To analyze by meta-analysis the results of randomized controlled clinical trials on the efficacy of estrogen treatment in menopausal patients with urinary incontinence. " 03/01/1995 - "To date, there have been few appropriate placebo-controlled studies using both subjective and objective parameters to assess the efficacy of estrogen therapy for the treatment of urinary incontinence. " 12/01/1994 - "The purpose of this study was to review the efficacy of estrogen therapy for urinary incontinence by examining published trials and to review the epidemiologic and physiologic evidence for its action. " 06/01/1998 - "Urinary incontinence is thought to be benefited by treatment with estrogen, although controversy exists. "
2.	tolterodine (Detrol)FDA Link 01/01/2006 - "In addition, TDOXY was similar to tolterodine, and it produced a significant improvement in the number of urinary incontinence episodes, complete continence, and urodynamic and quality of life parameters compared with placebo. " 01/01/2012 - "Parameter estimates included utilities of improved urinary incontinence (0.92) and continued urinary incontinence (0.73), reduction in quality of life from side effects (5%), cost of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation per session ($203) and cost of tolterodine ER per month ($150). " 10/01/2013 - "A total of six randomized clinical trials and 11 other studies of tolterodine in children with urinary incontinence were included in the present systematic review. " 01/01/2009 - "Previous studies demonstrate that tolterodine extended release (ER) significantly improves urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes. " 07/01/2007 - "This is a quasi-experimental naturalistic, longitudinal, open and not controlled study made during 24 weeks with before-after analysis on 60 urgent or mixed urinary incontinence patients treated with physic therapy and tolterodine. "
3.	CollagenIBA 06/01/1997 - "Periurethral collagen injection may be effective for urinary incontinence in patients who have adequate capacity with good compliance and low Valsalva leak point pressure. " 05/01/2001 - "With long-term followup collagen injection is rarely effective for treating urinary incontinence in children with neurogenic sphincter deficiency." 02/01/1996 - "Endoluminal ultrasonography is helpful in ensuring the accurate submucosal location of collagen injection and in avoiding dispersion of the material and should enhance therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of urinary incontinence." 04/01/1995 - "In our experience, endoscopic collagen injection is effective in the treatment of both urinary incontinence and VUR in paediatric patients. " 10/01/1998 - "Injection of transurethral collagen appears to be a safe and effective method for treating urinary incontinence. "
4.	fesoterodineFDA Link 02/01/2014 - "At week 12 the fesoterodine group had significantly greater improvements in urgency urinary incontinence episodes per 24 hours (-2.84 vs -2.20, p = 0.002) and most other diary variables and quality of life, as well as a higher diary dry rate (50.8% vs 36.0%, p = 0.002). " 02/01/2014 - "Flexible dose fesoterodine significantly improved urgency urinary incontinence episodes and other outcomes vs placebo, and was generally well tolerated." 12/01/2010 - "Greater improvement in urgency urinary incontinence was seen with fesoterodine 8 mg versus 4 mg. For those aged ≥65 to <75 years, fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg significantly improved all diary variables, except for the mean voided volume and micturition frequency, respectively, [corrected] versus placebo. " 01/01/2010 - "Treatment differences in micturitions and frequency-urgency sum were significant by week 2 and in urgency urinary incontinence and urgency episodes by week 6. Significantly greater percentages of subjects taking fesoterodine had improved Patient Perception of Bladder Condition and Urgency Perception Scale scores at weeks 2, 6, and 12 (P <.05). " 01/01/2010 - "Week 12 improvements from baseline in total micturitions, urgency episodes, urgency urinary incontinence episodes, frequency-urgency sum, and all OAB Questionnaire scales and domains, but not nocturnal micturitions or nocturnal urgency episodes, were significantly greater with fesoterodine than placebo (all P <.05). "
5.	oxybutynin (Tavor)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2005 - "Individualized dosing with ER oxybutynin was associated with highly effective and well tolerated control of urinary incontinence with more than 40% of patients achieving total dryness." 01/01/2015 - "Efficacy and safety of oxybutynin topical gel 3% in patients with urgency and/or mixed urinary incontinence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study." 01/01/2007 - "Safety and tolerability of extended-release oxybutynin once daily in urinary incontinence: combined results from two phase 4 controlled clinical trials." 06/01/2014 - "Multi-center randomized controlled trial of cognitive treatment, placebo, oxybutynin, bladder training, and pelvic floor training in children with functional urinary incontinence." 04/01/2014 - "To determine whether there is greater risk of initiation of oxybutynin to treat urinary incontinence (UI) after initiation of medicines reported to be associated with UI. "
6.	Citric Acid (Citrate)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2010 - "Cizolirtine citrate is a promising agent in the treatment of OAB with urinary incontinence." 07/01/2009 - "Cizolirtine citrate, an effective treatment for symptomatic patients with urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a pilot dose-finding study." 07/01/2009 - "Editorial comment on: Cizolirtine citrate, an effective treatment for symptomatic patients with urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a pilot dose-finding study." 07/01/2009 - "Editorial comment on: Cizolirtine citrate, an effective treatment for symptomatic patients with urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a pilot dose-finding study." 01/01/2010 - "Cizolirtine citrate is safe and effective for treating urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a phase 2 proof-of-concept study."
7.	E 4018 (cizolirtine)IBA 07/01/2009 - "Cizolirtine showed a clear improvement regarding the percentage of patients free from urinary incontinence episodes at the end of the study, being 68.75% in C400, 45% in C200, and 30% in placebo (p=0.04; C400 vs placebo). " 01/01/2010 - "Cizolirtine citrate is a promising agent in the treatment of OAB with urinary incontinence." 07/01/2009 - "Cizolirtine citrate, an effective treatment for symptomatic patients with urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a pilot dose-finding study." 07/01/2009 - "Editorial comment on: Cizolirtine citrate, an effective treatment for symptomatic patients with urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a pilot dose-finding study." 07/01/2009 - "Editorial comment on: Cizolirtine citrate, an effective treatment for symptomatic patients with urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder: a pilot dose-finding study."
8.	Type A Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum A Toxin)FDA Link 01/01/2013 - "Intravesical botulinum toxin type A injection is effective in treatment of urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity in men and women, as well as in children. " 07/01/2005 - "Botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study." 11/01/2005 - "Is botulinum toxin type A a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence?" 09/01/2011 - "In all patients 100 U botulinum toxin type A induced decreased daytime and nighttime urinary frequency, a decreased number of urinary incontinence episodes, increased quality of life scores and, as shown by increased maximum cystometric capacity, improved urodynamic findings. " 06/01/2014 - "Technical aspects of botulinum toxin type A injection in the bladder to treat urinary incontinence: reviewing the procedure."
9.	duloxetine (Cymbalta)FDA Link 03/18/2008 - "Duloxetine compared with placebo improved (pooled risk difference, 0.11 [CI, 0.07 to 0.14]) but did not resolve urinary incontinence, with no significant dose-response association. " 03/18/2008 - "Duloxetine improved but did not resolve urinary incontinence. " 01/01/2008 - "Duloxetine versus placebo for the treatment of women with stress predominant urinary incontinence in Taiwan: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial." 09/01/2005 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of duloxetine in improving quality of life among women with stress and mixed urinary incontinence. " 06/01/2004 - "A total of 1455 women with urinary incontinence at least 3 months in duration were enrolled in 3 randomized clinical trials (1 phase 2 and 2 phase 3 trials) of duloxetine vs placebo for the treatment of SUI in Europe and North America. "
10.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 01/01/2010 - "Statistically significant improvement in the quality of life for the majority of the domains of King's questionnaire (except the evaluation of urinary incontinence impact on the general health condition and social relations) was observed in 7 out of 10 patients subjected to botulinum toxin therapy (p < 0.05). " 06/01/2010 - "Therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of urinary incontinence in female dogs." 03/01/2012 - "Urinary incontinence in children: botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment option." 06/01/2011 - "Efficacy of botulinum toxin A injection for neurogenic detrusor overactivity and urinary incontinence: a randomized, double-blind trial." 01/01/2012 - "The ABC trial will help women with urgency urinary incontinence balance efficacy, side effects and cost of anticholinergic medication versus botulinum toxin intra-detrusor injection. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Prostatectomy (Retropubic Prostatectomy) 04/01/2011 - "Efficacy of High-frequency Magnetic Stimulation of the Sacral Root in Patients with Urinary Incontinence Following a Radical Prostatectomy." 07/01/1991 - "This method is superior to all other operative treatments and should be considered the first-line treatment, especially in post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence." 04/01/2005 - "Autologous muscle stem cell injection can be an effective treatment for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence." 09/01/2002 - "Bulbourethral suspension procedure is effective in the treatment of male urinary incontinence after prostatectomy and posterior urethroplasty." 09/01/2002 - "To explore whether bulbourethral suspension procedure is effective for the treatment of male urinary incontinence of post-prostatectomy and posterior urethroplasty. "
2.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 01/01/2011 - "Women who received biofeedback were significantly more likely to report that their urinary incontinence was cured or improved compared to those who received PFMT alone (risk ratio 0.75 , 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.86). " 03/01/2007 - "However, the prognosis of urinary incontinence following surgery is good and can be improved by pelvic floor muscle exercises in combination with biofeedback systems. " 04/01/2000 - "Pelvic floor muscle exercises can be effective in maintaining and improving urinary incontinence and associated bladder symptoms following a successful course of biofeedback and electrical stimulation." 08/01/1988 - "Research questions addressed by this study were: 1) Is the treatment of chronic urinary incontinence (UI) in elderly, nondemented ambulatory patients using bladder-sphincter biofeedback as effective when performed by an internist/geriatrician and a nurse practitioner as that reported by behavioral scientists?; and 2) how does bladder-sphincter biofeedback compare to a program of behavioral training that does not utilize biofeedback? " 12/12/2007 - "(4) Pelvic floor muscle training and biofeedback are effective in preventing and reversing fecal and urinary incontinence in women for the first year after giving birth, and these approaches may also prevent or reduce urinary incontinence in older women and in men undergoing prostate surgery. "
3.	Artificial Urinary Sphincter 02/16/1992 - "We find implantation of the artificial urinary sphincter very effective treatment for urinary incontinence." 06/01/2000 - "Persistent urinary incontinence after failed surgical repair can be successfully treated with the artificial urinary sphincter. " 05/01/1984 - "With the refinements in the Sphincter 800, better patient selection and improved surgical techniques, the artificial urinary sphincter now offers a viable treatment alternative in the management of urinary incontinence arising from sphincteric incompetence." 12/01/1995 - "The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of artificial urinary sphincter AMS 800 implants for male patients with urinary incontinence. " 06/01/1996 - "A tandemly placed double-cuff artificial urinary sphincter is safe and effective in the treatment of severe postprostatectomy urinary incontinence."
4.	Injections 06/01/1998 - "Urinary incontinence is today a disturbance easy to be cured thanks to injectables and to miniinvasive surgical procedures as reported in this presentation concerning the most advanced approaches to its management." 10/01/2004 - "Experimental and clinical studies investigated whether urinary incontinence can be effectively treated with transurethral ultrasound-guided injections of autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts.This" 11/01/2008 - "The patient satisfaction rate was 78%, and QOL improved among these patients after detrusor BoNT-A injections for urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction." 06/01/2011 - "Bioactive porous beads as an injectable urethral bulking agent: in vivo animal study for the treatment of urinary incontinence." 12/01/2015 - "According to the vast majority of participants (19/21, 90.5%), the impact of injections on urinary incontinence should be included in the definition of failure. "
5.	Hysterectomy 05/01/2002 - "A concomitant urinary incontinence repair procedure significantly increased the probability that a woman with severe incontinence would have improved incontinence 1 year after hysterectomy and significantly decreased the probability that a woman with mild or no incontinence would have worse incontinence after 2 years. " 04/01/2007 - "Incidence and remission of urinary incontinence after hysterectomy--a 3-year follow-up study." 05/01/2002 - "The majority of women who undergo hysterectomy for nonmalignant indications experienced improved urinary incontinence during the first 2 years after surgery." 12/01/2014 - "Prevalence of urinary incontinence according to hysterectomy status in the WHI observational study." 03/01/2008 - "A metaanalysis of randomized trials was conducted to evaluate if the type of hysterectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy or supracervical hysterectomy, has an impact on the development of urinary incontinence. "