Urethral Obstruction

Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.

Also Known As:

Networked: 196 relevant articles (8 outcomes, 14 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Prostatic Hyperplasia (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
2.	Overactive Urinary Bladder (Overactive Bladder)
3.	Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction (Bladder Neck Obstruction)
4.	Bacteremia
5.	Bacteriuria

Experts

1.	Andersson, Karl-Erik: 7 articles (10/2013 - 12/2009)
2.	Gratzke, Christian: 6 articles (10/2013 - 07/2010)
3.	Shirazi, Mehdi: 5 articles (09/2015 - 01/2007)
4.	Noorafshan, Ali: 4 articles (11/2014 - 01/2007)
5.	Weisse, Chick: 4 articles (02/2014 - 07/2006)
6.	Füllhase, Claudius: 4 articles (10/2013 - 07/2010)
7.	Hedlund, Petter: 4 articles (06/2013 - 12/2009)
8.	Berent, Allyson: 3 articles (02/2014 - 07/2006)
9.	Soler, Roberto: 3 articles (10/2013 - 07/2010)
10.	Melman, Arnold: 3 articles (10/2012 - 11/2005)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Urethral Obstruction:

1.	Prazosin (Minipress)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2013 - "Prazosin in cats with urethral obstruction." 01/01/2003 - "Prazosin is a readily available alpha-adrenergic antagonist that may be useful in the management of functional urethral obstruction in companion animals. " 08/15/2013 - "Duration of indwelling catheterization, catheterization with a 5F versus 3.5F urinary catheter, treatment with phenoxybenzamine versus prazosin, consistent administration of pain medication, and treatment with meloxicam or antimicrobials during IUC were reviewed for association with rate of recurrent urethral obstruction (rUO). "
2.	Doxazosin (Cardura)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2010 - "Urodynamic evaluation of fesoterodine metabolite, doxazosin and their combination in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction." 08/01/2010 - "We assessed the effects of intrathecal 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine, an active metabolite of fesoterodine, in obstructed and nonobstructed rats, and of combined intrathecal 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine/doxazosin in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction. " 08/01/2010 - "Spinal effects of the fesoterodine metabolite 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine and/or doxazosin in rats with or without partial urethral obstruction." 07/01/2010 - "To evaluate the urodynamic effects of fesoterodine, a new antimuscarinic agent, alone and combined with doxazosin, in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction (PUO), as 35-83% of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, and as the combination of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor- and muscarinic-receptor antagonists has been proposed to be beneficial for these patients. "
3.	fesoterodineFDA Link 07/01/2010 - "Urodynamic evaluation of fesoterodine metabolite, doxazosin and their combination in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction." 08/01/2010 - "We assessed the effects of intrathecal 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine, an active metabolite of fesoterodine, in obstructed and nonobstructed rats, and of combined intrathecal 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine/doxazosin in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction. " 08/01/2010 - "Spinal effects of the fesoterodine metabolite 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine and/or doxazosin in rats with or without partial urethral obstruction." 07/01/2010 - "To evaluate the urodynamic effects of fesoterodine, a new antimuscarinic agent, alone and combined with doxazosin, in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction (PUO), as 35-83% of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, and as the combination of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor- and muscarinic-receptor antagonists has been proposed to be beneficial for these patients. "
4.	Adrenergic Antagonists (Antiadrenergic Agents)IBA 01/01/2003 - "Prazosin is a readily available alpha-adrenergic antagonist that may be useful in the management of functional urethral obstruction in companion animals. "
5.	Muscarinic Receptors (Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor)IBA 07/01/2010 - "To evaluate the urodynamic effects of fesoterodine, a new antimuscarinic agent, alone and combined with doxazosin, in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction (PUO), as 35-83% of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, and as the combination of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor- and muscarinic-receptor antagonists has been proposed to be beneficial for these patients. "
6.	Collodion (Nitrocellulose)IBA 08/01/1993 - "Mice challenged transurethrally with Escherichia coli FN414, which is rapidly eliminated from normal mice without causing bacteriuria, bacteremia, or renal pathology, were subjected to reversible urethral obstruction by coating the urethral meatus with collodion for 1, 3, or 6 h. "
7.	AS 35IBA 07/01/2010 - "To evaluate the urodynamic effects of fesoterodine, a new antimuscarinic agent, alone and combined with doxazosin, in a rat model of partial urethral obstruction (PUO), as 35-83% of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, and as the combination of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor- and muscarinic-receptor antagonists has been proposed to be beneficial for these patients. "
8.	alfuzosin (UroXatral)FDA Link 01/01/1997 - "Short-term alfuzosin treatment improved outflow conditions in BPH by reducing prostatic urethral obstruction."
9.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 05/01/1994 - "Chemotaxis studies suggested that macrophages were activated during obstruction as evidenced by the greater random migration of peritoneal macrophages obtained from rats with 24-hour urethral obstruction than from sham-operated rats (SOR; P < 0.0001). " 10/01/2013 - "We determined and compared the expression of phosphodiesterase type 5 in the spinal cord of normal (sham operated) rats and rats with partial urethral obstruction induced bladder overactivity. " 11/01/2005 - "Five were selected for bulbous urethral obstruction through a perineal incision, five for midprostatic obstruction using a retropubic approach, and five for a sham operation through a perineal incision. " 11/01/1996 - "Cystometric evaluation of bladder function revealed significant increases in micturition volume, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, and spontaneous contractile activity in rats subjected to partial urethral obstruction compared with sham rats. " 11/01/1996 - "Partial urethral obstruction caused a 3.5-fold increase in bladder weight and a 3-fold increase in bladder protein content compared with sham rats. "
10.	Captopril (Capoten)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "As activation of the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in this injury, we conducted this study to investigate whether administration of captopril reduced renal fibrosis in an experimental model using partial urethral obstruction (PUO) in neonatal dogs. " 01/01/2007 - "Captopril reduces interstitial renal fibrosis and preserves more normal renal tubules in neonatal dogs with partial urethral obstruction: a preliminary study." 01/01/2008 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using stereological methods, the effect of captopril on prevention of collagen formation in different layers of the ureter and bladder under conditions of partial urethral obstruction (PUO). " 01/01/2008 - "Captopril reduces deposition of collagen in lamina propria and muscular layers of the bladder and ureter in neonatal dogs with partial urethral obstruction." 11/01/2014 - "Stereological comparison of the effects of pentoxifylline, captopril, simvastatin, and tamoxifen on kidney and bladder structure after partial urethral obstruction in rats."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Stents 09/01/2014 - "Treatment of malignant urethral obstructions with intraluminal urethral stents is reported to successfully relieve obstructions. " 09/01/2014 - "Evaluation of urethral stent placement for benign urethral obstructions in dogs." 02/01/2014 - "To (1) describe minimally invasive transurethral antegrade and retrograde techniques for the placement of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) to reestablish urethral patency in cats with non-urolith urethral obstructions and (2) to report the procedural complications, incontinence rates, and long-term effectiveness in maintaining a patent urethra. " 01/01/2013 - "First experiences with the Spanner™ temporary prostatic stent for prostatic urethral obstruction." 04/15/2011 - "Seven patients required concurrent urethral stent placement for relief of urethral obstruction. "
2.	Catheters 06/01/2015 - "Seventy-five male cats with urethral obstruction were prospectively enrolled to evaluate gross urine color at urinary catheter placement for correlation with diagnostic findings. " 08/15/2013 - "To evaluate the association of treatment factors during initial urinary catheterization (IUC) of cats with recurrence of urethral obstruction at 24 hours and 30 days after catheter removal. " 09/01/2012 - "9 client-owned neutered male cats with urethral obstruction and inability to pass a retrograde urinary catheter. " 01/01/2009 - "Since these children are often diagnosed early, the urethral obstruction can be alleviated rapidly through catheter insertion and eventual surgery, and their metabolic derangements can be normalized without delay, avoiding preventable infant mortality. " 10/01/1995 - "The results were considered good when patients were able to void and were completely continent following the procedure, whereas poor results were defined as incontinence or no relief of urethral obstruction 21 days following catheter removal. "
3.	Palliative Care (Palliative Medicine) 07/15/2006 - "Transurethral placement of metallic stents was a safe and effective palliative treatment option for dogs with malignant urethral obstructions." 09/01/1992 - "The retained urethral catheter was a suitable palliative treatment for urethral obstruction in three dogs with prostatic neoplasia."
4.	Decompression 09/01/1998 - "Decompression of urethral obstruction 1 day after induction of urethral obstruction resulted in improvement in the severity glomerular hypoplasia compared with late decompression (P < 0.01). " 11/01/2015 - "Our report demonstrates that fetoscopic decompression of a distal urethral obstruction is feasible in the rare event of congenital prolapsed ureterocele. "
5.	Surgical Decompression 09/01/1998 - "Our results suggest that the rabbit fetal model simulates fetal urethral obstruction in humans, and indicates that early surgical decompression may be effective in restoration of normal renal function." 09/01/1998 - "To investigate the effect of urethral obstruction during late fetal life on renal development and function, we developed a rabbit fetal model of obstructive nephropathy to examine the pathological and biochemical consequences of urethral obstruction and beneficial effects of early surgical decompression. " 09/01/1998 - "Effect of experimentally induced urethral obstruction and surgical decompression in utero on renal development and function in rabbits."