Urea (Carbamide)

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

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Networked: 9142 relevant articles (365 outcomes, 552 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Decaux, Guy: 13 articles (02/2015 - 06/2002)
2.	Lin, Mao-Tsun: 13 articles (05/2011 - 09/2005)
3.	Sultana, Sarwat: 13 articles (12/2007 - 01/2004)
4.	O'Connor, Christopher M: 12 articles (09/2015 - 02/2007)
5.	Häberle, Johannes: 11 articles (09/2015 - 07/2008)
6.	Lee, Brendan: 11 articles (07/2015 - 12/2002)
7.	Lee, Richard E: 10 articles (12/2014 - 11/2005)
8.	Ronco, Claudio: 9 articles (07/2015 - 01/2005)
9.	Zareba, Wojciech: 9 articles (01/2015 - 06/2005)
10.	Vilstrup, Hendrik: 9 articles (06/2013 - 02/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	Body Weight (Weight, Body) 04/11/2007 - "Both doses of DHB ameliorated the rise in serum urea and Cr concentrations and improved the changes in kidney and body weights significantly. " 12/01/1999 - "After 65 days the average body weight of the pigs injected with pSP-HV-GHRH was approximately 37% greater than the placebo-injected controls and resulted in a significant reduction in serum urea concentration, indicating a decrease in amino acid catabolism. " 07/01/2000 - "Replacing alfalfa with red clover improved body weight gain and reduced concentrations of milk and blood urea and ruminal NH3. " 04/01/2009 - "The study was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia to assess the supplementation of graded levels of vetch (Vicia dasycarpa 'lana') and lucerne (Medicago sativa,' Hunter river') hay on feed intake, digestibility and body weight (BW) change of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated barley straw (UTBS). " 09/01/2008 - "The median (and mode) blood flow was 200mL/min. Given the information supplied on pre-dilution rates, the median blood flow, and estimates of haematocrit and body weight based on previous surveys, the "typical" prescribed CRRT urea clearance dose ("standard") before the RENAL trial was estimated to be approximately 25 mL/kg/h. "
2.	Infection 06/01/2006 - "The urea breath test (UBT) is the gold-standard non-invasive test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection, however, the lack of availability of the UBT due to the high cost of the test, and in particular the need for expensive analytical instrumentation, limits the usefulness of this method. " 10/01/1998 - "pylori infection, which provides 96.7% specificity and 96.5% sensitivity, suggesting that the [13C]-urea breath test in the fasting state is as effective in detecting the presence of H. " 11/01/2005 - "pylori infection (determined on the basis of positive results of the 13C urea breath test) were enrolled in the treatment phase of the study. " 08/01/2013 - "H. pylori infection was diagnosed by a (13) C-urea breath test, with positive results defined as values ≥2.5‰. " 08/01/2011 - "pylori infection in young children, but adjusting cutoff value, pretest meal, and urea dose, this accuracy can be improved."
3.	Proteinuria 07/01/2015 - "Both groups developed chronic renal disease, but mice injected with Notch3 antisense had lower values of plasma urea and proteinuria and inflammatory infiltration. " 01/01/2015 - "These phenomena were accompanied by proteinuria and increased concentrations of urea. " 11/01/2011 - "Likewise, proteinuria, plasma urea concentration, and tubulointerstitial matrix were decreased in VHL knockout with GN. " 03/01/2011 - "Similarly, therapy reduced the amount of proteinuria and serum urea. " 03/01/2011 - "Six animals were sacrificed after 9.5 weeks; serum urea and proteinuria were measured. "
4.	Chronic Kidney Failure (Chronic Renal Failure) 07/01/1997 - "Clearance of Cr and urea was significantly lower in cats with chronic renal failure than in normal cats, while the values of Na and K were significantly higher in cats with chronic renal failure. " 04/01/2004 - "We wished to determine if an 8-week program of exercise during dialysis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients would increase urea removal (enhance dialysis efficacy) with subsequent improvements in work performance and perception of quality of life, and/or alterations in cardiovascular status. " 11/01/2008 - "The aim of our study was to examine the renal urea handling in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). " 07/01/1992 - "Urea kinetics, studies in six children with chronic renal failure by serial timed blood urea measurements during and after haemodialysis, were compared with the kinetics of a one-pool and a two-pool UKM. " 04/01/2015 - "Urea-induced ROS cause endothelial dysfunction in chronic renal failure."
5.	Renal Insufficiency (Renal Failure) 07/01/1997 - "4. In clinical urea kinetic studies in a healthy subject and in a renal failure patient without residual renal function, reproducible values of the distribution volume, production rate and clearance of urea were determined using minimal amounts of [13C]urea (25-50 mg). " 07/01/1997 - "We devised a urea dilution for measurement of the distribution volume, production rate and clearance of urea in healthy subjects and renal failure patients using the inexpensive single labelled [13C]urea isotope with subsequent analysis by headspace chromatography-isotope ratio MS (GC-IRMS) of the [13C]urea enrichment. " 11/01/1991 - "To document the efficacy of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with dialysis following renal failure, without protein restriction, and to explore the magnitude and clinical applications of total daily urea clearance. " 07/01/1997 - "5. Because only low [13C]urea enrichments are needed in this urea dilution method using GC-IRMS analysis, the costs of urea kinetic studies are reduced considerably, especially in patients with renal failure." 05/01/2010 - "Abnormal platelet function in patients with renal failure is not caused by high concentrations of urea."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Creatinine
2.	Nitrogen
3.	Ammonia
4.	Cisplatin (Platino)
5.	Uric Acid (Urate)
6.	Glucose (Dextrose)
7.	Sodium
8.	Potassium
9.	Serum Albumin
10.	Bilirubin

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
2.	Peritoneal Dialysis
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Oral Administration
5.	Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)