Conjoined Twins (Siamese Twins)

MONOZYGOTIC TWINS who are joined in utero. They may be well developed and share only a superficial connection, often in the frontal, transverse or sagittal body plane, or they may share a partial duplication of a body structure. Alternatively, there may be a small and incompletely developed twin conjoined to a larger, more fully developed twin.

Also Known As:

Networked: 192 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 4 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Dystocia
2.	Umbilical Hernia (Omphalocele)
3.	Teratoma (Teratoid Tumor)
4.	Congenital Abnormalities (Deformity)
5.	Postpartum Depression (Post-Natal Depression)

Experts

1.	Meyer, Franc: 7 articles (05/2020 - 02/2011)
2.	Brückner, Christian: 5 articles (05/2020 - 02/2011)
3.	Dechert, Sebastian: 5 articles (05/2020 - 09/2013)
4.	Segal, Nancy L: 5 articles (01/2018 - 02/2014)
5.	Vogel, Anastasia: 3 articles (05/2020 - 02/2016)
6.	John, Michael: 3 articles (02/2016 - 02/2011)
7.	Blusch, Lina K: 3 articles (08/2014 - 05/2013)
8.	Pröpper, Kevin: 3 articles (08/2014 - 02/2011)
9.	Putri, Nandita Melati: 2 articles (07/2021 - 07/2021)
10.	Davies, Jonathan: 2 articles (10/2018 - 10/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Conjoined Twins:

1.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)FDA Link 08/01/2021 - "This study expatiated a pivotal protein profile between the conjoined twins and normal mosquitofish which can provide a conference for fish embryonic development." 08/01/2021 - "One hundred six differentially upregulated proteins (DUPs) and 198 differentially downregulated proteins (DDPs) were identified between the conjoined twins and normal mosquitofish groups. " 08/14/1998 - "SecDF of Bacillus subtilis, a molecular Siamese twin required for the efficient secretion of proteins." 04/03/1998 - "Cell-lineage directed expression of Vg1 protein can fully invert the left-right axis (situs inversus), can randomize left-right asymmetries, or can "rescue" a perturbed left-right axis in conjoined twins to normal orientation (situs solitus), indicating that Vg1 can mimic left-right coordinator activity. " 08/01/2021 - "The pivotal protein profile between the conjoined twins and normal mosquitofish Gambusia affinis based on iTRAQ proteomic analysis."
2.	Radioisotopes (Radionuclides)IBA 10/01/1998 - "The routine use of radionuclide studies in the investigation of conjoined twins is recommended in order to delineate individual organ function, degree of fusion and measurement of cross-circulation." 06/01/1983 - "The use of radionuclides in the investigation of conjoined twins."
3.	acivicin (AT 125)IBA 11/01/1994 - "There were two cases of malformation: a foetus with deformity of fore- and hind-limbs at 400 mg/kg/day in the dose-finding study and conjoined twins exhibiting three fore-limbs and four hind-limbs at 125 mg/kg/day in the teratological study. "
4.	Anesthetics (Anesthetic Agents)IBA 01/06/2021 - "Conjoined twins are an extremely rare congenital occurrence, and anesthetic management for surgical separation presents unique challenges for anesthesiologists. " 01/06/2021 - "Successful anesthetic management of separation surgery for pygopagus conjoined twins: a case report." 01/01/2020 - "Our experience with anesthetic management of conjoined twins' separation surgery." 07/01/2018 - "Here, we are sharing anesthetic management of successful separation of a rare type of parasitic male conjoined twins who had connected hearts and common liver." 07/01/2018 - "Anesthetic management of parasitic conjoined twins' separation surgery."
5.	PorphyrinsIBA 02/20/2017 - "Mono- and bimetallic complexes of the Siamese-twin porphyrin are known. " 02/12/2016 - "Siamese-Twin Porphyrin Origami: Oxidative Fusing and Folding." 08/04/2014 - "This intermediate is then cleanly converted to 1Ni2 and to the first heterobimetallic Siamese-twin porphyrin 1CuNi. " 05/18/2020 - "Siamese-Twin Porphyrin Goes Platinum: Group 10 Monometallic, Homobimetallic, and Heterobimetallic Complexes." 02/20/2017 - "The possibility of selectively preparing the monometallic complexes carrying two distinct redox sites-a metal-containing oxidation site and a metal-free reduction site-further expands the potential of Siamese-twin porphyrins to serve as an adjustable platform for multielectron redox processes in chemical catalysis or molecular electronics applications."
6.	pyrazoleIBA 02/20/2017 - "Siamese-twin porphyrin is a pyrazole-containing expanded porphyrin incorporating two porphyrin-like binding pockets. " 08/04/2014 - "The Siamese-twin porphyrin (1H4) is a redox noninnocent pyrazole-expanded porphyrin with two equivalent dibasic {N4} binding sites. " 09/18/2013 - "The Siamese-twin porphyrin (2H4) is a unique pyrazole-expanded porphyrin providing two adjacent cavities each offering an {N4} binding motif. " 05/03/2013 - "Siamese-twin porphyrin: a pyrazole-based expanded porphyrin of persistent helical conformation." 02/07/2011 - "Siamese-twin porphyrin: a pyrazole-based expanded porphyrin providing a bimetallic cavity."
7.	Dihydrotachysterol (AT 10)IBA 09/01/2000 - "A case report is presented of the prenatal diagnosis of conjoined twins at 10 weeks and 2 days' gestation using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US). " 09/01/2000 - "Diagnosis of conjoined twins at 10 weeks using three-dimensional ultrasound: a case report." 09/01/2000 - "We present a case of omphalopagus conjoined twins diagnosed at 10 weeks of gestation with selective reduction performed at 12 weeks. " 04/01/1998 - "Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography of conjoined twins at 10 weeks: a case report." 01/01/1992 - "Conjoined twins were diagnosed at 10 weeks of gestation in a triplet pregnancy obtained by means of in vitro fertilization. "
8.	LigandsIBA 01/01/2021 - "We report here the controlled self-assembly of three topologically unprecedented conjoined twin-cages, i.e., one stapled interlocked Pd12L6 cage (2) and two helically isomeric Pd6L3 cages (3 and 4) made from the same cis-blocked palladium corners and a new bis-bidentate ligand (1). " 08/04/2014 - "The possibility of selectively synthesizing heterobimetallic complexes 1MNi from a symmetric binucleating ligand scaffold, with the unusual situation of three distinct contiguous redox sites (M, Ni, and the porphyrin-like ligand), further expands the Siamese-twin porphyrin's potential to serve as an adjustable platform for multielectron redox processes in chemical catalysis and in electronic applications. " 09/18/2013 - "The combined experimental and computational evidence identified the Siamese-twin porphyrin as a multi-electron redox-active ligand with hidden non-innocence. " 09/18/2013 - "Complexes of the Siamese-twin porphyrin may thus serve as a valuable bioinspired platform that combines both metal-ligand and two-metal-ion cooperativities for use in multi-electron processes. "
9.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 01/01/2012 - "Epigastric heteropagus conjoined twins: two case studies and associated DNA analysis." 10/01/2014 - "Tribute to dr louis keith: twin and physician extraordinaire/twin research reports: influences on asthma severity; chimerism revisited; DNA strand break repair/media reports: twins born apart; elevated twin frequencies; celebrity father of twins; conjoined twinning." 07/11/2019 - "Trehalose-based Siamese twin amphiphiles with tunable self-assembling, DNA nanocomplexing and gene delivery properties." 07/11/2019 - "An original family of multivalent vectors encompassing gemini and facial amphiphilicity, namely cationic Siamese twin surfactants, has been prepared from the disaccharide trehalose; molecular engineering lets us modulate the self-assembling properties and the topology of the nanocomplexes with plasmid DNA for efficient gene delivery in vitro and in vivo."
10.	porphyrin aIBA 05/03/2013 - "Siamese-twin porphyrin: a pyrazole-based expanded porphyrin of persistent helical conformation." 02/07/2011 - "Siamese-twin porphyrin: a pyrazole-based expanded porphyrin providing a bimetallic cavity." 02/12/2016 - "Oxidation of a nonaromatic Siamese-twin porphyrin, a pyrazole-containing expanded porphyrin with two porphyrinlike binding pockets, with a stoichiometric amount of the two-electron, two-proton oxidizing agent 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzochinone led to the formation of a single N(pz) -C(o-Ph) linkage between the pyrazole unit with a neighboring meso-phenyl group, forming a pyrazolo- [1,5-a]indole moiety. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Cesarean Section (Caesarean Section) 06/01/2023 - "After an emergency cesarean section, 62-day-old term-conjoined twins were referred to our pediatric surgery center. " 01/01/2023 - "Is a classical incision the only way to perform a near-term conjoined twins' cesarean section? " 10/01/2022 - "Mother and her family chose to terminate the pregnancy for which elective lower section cesarean section was done with the delivery of female conjoined twins, both of them subsequently declared dead within 4 h of birth. " 05/21/2021 - "A literature review of methods of pregnancy termination for conjoined twins in the second trimester revealed 75% delivered vaginally through medical induction while 18% underwent cesarean section. " 03/01/2018 - "After confirming the diagnosis and counseling the patients regarding mode of delivery and possible outcomes, elective caesarean section was performed and delivered male conjoined twins of Parapagusdicephalus type with poor Apgar score. "
2.	Tourniquets 06/01/2019 - "Rubber tourniquet technique is simple, safe and cost-effective for liver resections in neonates and infants with hepatic lesions and separation of conjoined twins with shared liver and it can easily be employed in resource constraint settings." 09/01/2010 - "Surgical separation of shared liver with cotton tourniquets in conjoined twins: simple and effective hemostasis." 06/01/2019 - "Hepatic resection in a 4-month-old pair of Conjoined twins with shared liver and a 3-day old baby with large Congenital Hepatoblastoma was performed using Penrose rubber drain as a tourniquet around the liver parenchyma to reduce blood loss. "
3.	Laser Therapy (Surgery, Laser) 04/01/2015 - "Insights From Twin Research: Conference at Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia / Twin Studies: Timing of Monozygotic Splitting and Commentary; Gestational Diabetes; ICOMBO'S Post-Partum Depression Study; Photographs of Conjoined Twins / Human Interest: Rare Quadruplets; Mistaken Identity on the Soccer Field; Prenatal Laser Surgery on Triplets; Twins Born to Prince and Princess of Monaco."
4.	Anesthesia 08/11/2023 - "Anesthesia in the separation of conjoined twins (omphalopagus)-Example of a practical approach." 08/01/2018 - "We present the case of the first stage of separation of 9-month-old pygopagus conjoined twins who demonstrated minimal shared vasculature on preoperative imaging and no cross-sedation or cross-neuromuscular blockade during separate inductions of anesthesia. " 12/01/2016 - "Craniopagus conjoined twins are rare, and the chance that an anesthesiologist might face the challenge of providing anesthesia for this condition is very rare. " 04/01/2013 - "Anesthesia was simultaneously induced in all conjoined twins. " 05/01/2010 - "Anesthesia for emergency separation of omphalopagus conjoined twins."
5.	Tissue Expansion 07/01/2021 - "We report the successful application of rapid tissue expansion in 10-month-old xipho-omphalopagus conjoined twins in Vietnam. " 07/01/2021 - "The role of rapid tissue expansion in separating xipho-omphalopagus conjoined twins in Vietnam." 11/01/2012 - "Historically, these approaches have included, as with the separation of many other types of conjoined twins, the use of tissue expansion before separation followed by separation surgery. " 12/01/2009 - "Tissue expansion has a limited role in these reconstructions but most notably is an aid to separation of conjoined twins. " 12/01/1986 - "Intra-abdominal tissue expansion: an adjunct in the separation of conjoined twins."