Tungsten

Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

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Networked: 386 relevant articles (18 outcomes, 45 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Correr-Sobrinho, Lourenço: 5 articles (11/2008 - 08/2006)
2.	Cekic-Nagas, Isil: 4 articles (05/2012 - 10/2010)
3.	Ergun, Gulfem: 4 articles (05/2012 - 10/2010)
4.	Sheppard, Paul R: 4 articles (01/2012 - 05/2007)
5.	Ridenour, Gary: 4 articles (01/2012 - 05/2007)
6.	Witten, Mark L: 4 articles (01/2012 - 05/2007)
7.	Price, Richard B T: 4 articles (01/2011 - 01/2003)
8.	Rueggeberg, Frederick A: 4 articles (12/2010 - 02/2004)
9.	Consani, Simonides: 4 articles (07/2009 - 01/2005)
10.	Sinhoreti, Mário Alexandre Coelho: 4 articles (07/2008 - 01/2005)

Related Diseases

1.	AIDS-Related Complex (ARC) 03/01/2009 - "The purpose of this study was to determine colour changes in a composite cured with tungsten-halogen, light-emitting diode (LED) or a plasma arc after 5 years. " 03/01/2009 - "The corresponding specimens were cured with a tungsten-halogen curing light, a LED unit or with a plasma arc. " 07/01/2009 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of new-generation light-emitting diode (LED) units in comparison with the conventional tungsten-halogen, plasma arc, and first-generation LED units reported in our previous study. " 12/01/2008 - "Fumes generated using three different welding techniques, manual metal arc (MMA) welding, metal inert gas (MIG) welding, and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding were investigated in the present study. " 05/01/2004 - "This study evaluated the characteristics of two kinds of recently developed light-curing unit; plasma arc and blue light emitting diodes (LED), in comparison with a conventional tungsten-halogen light-curing unit. "
2.	Carcinoma (Carcinomatosis) 09/01/2013 - "The aim of this work was to design a novel high-dose rate (HDR) ((192)Ir) brachytherapy applicator for treatment of rectal carcinomas that uses tungsten shielding for possibly improved dosimetric results over commercial brachytherapy applicator(s). " 12/01/1987 - "In order to decrease the morbidity rate after combined radiotherapy of the cervix carcinoma, a tungsten shield 3 and 5 mm thick for the rectum has been developed by the authors which is applied with the ring and pin applicator of the Selectron unit (LDR- and HDR-afterloading). " 01/01/2004 - "Using insoluble DU-UO2 and a reconstituted mixture of tungsten, nickel, cobalt (rWNiCo), we tested their ability to induce stress genes in thirteen different recombinant cell lines generated from human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2). " 01/01/1992 - "Endemic arsenic poisoning manifested by palmoplantar keratoderma and hyperpigmentation was surveyed in a village in a tin and wolfram mining area in southern Thailand where two cases of Bowen's carcinoma had occurred. " 01/01/2004 - "Effect of the militarily-relevant heavy metals, depleted uranium and heavy metal tungsten-alloy on gene expression in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2)."
3.	Thrombosis (Thrombus) 01/01/1997 - "Platinum and tungsten coils were not always effective in causing endoluminal thrombosis leading to long-term occlusion by organized thrombus." 01/01/1997 - "Fewer tungsten than platinum coils were needed to induce thrombosis. " 01/01/1997 - "Longitudinal angiographic and histologic studies were performed on treated and untreated (control) aneurysms to compare thrombosis and cellular responses after embolization with electrolytically detachable platinum coils and with mechanically detached tungsten coils. " 01/01/1997 - "The nature of thrombosis induced by platinum and tungsten coils in saccular aneurysms."
4.	Ischemia 08/01/1988 - "Tungsten-treated isolated perfusion hearts (Langendorff, ventricular balloon, 37 degrees C) had negligible xanthine oxidase activity (less than 0.3 vs greater than 8.0 U/gm myocardium) and improved recovery of developed pressure (DP), contractility (+dP/dt), and compliance (-dP/dt) after 20 minutes of global ischemia (37 degrees C) and 40 minutes of reperfusion. " 05/01/1990 - "Second, gastrocnemius muscles from rats fed tungsten or allopurinol had negligible XO activities and increased muscle function after ischemia and reperfusion. " 03/01/1990 - "To determine the physiological role of xanthine oxidase in renal ischemia, we depleted rats of xanthine oxidase by feeding tungsten. " 04/01/1988 - "Second, hearts from rats fed tungsten or treated with allopurinol had negligible XO activities (less than 0.5 mU/g wet myocardium compared with greater than 6.0 mU/g in control hearts) and increased ventricular function after ischemia and reperfusion. " 04/01/1989 - "Furthermore, H2O2 production did not occur during ischemia, and inhibition of xanthine oxidase by tungsten feeding or infusing a permeable O2 metabolite scavenger during reperfusion (dimethylthiourea) prevented ventricular functional loss. "
5.	Proteinuria 03/01/1990 - "In contrast, tungsten treatment did not reduce the proteinuria associated with puromycin aminonucleoside, which reached a maximum 13 days after puromycin aminonucleoside intoxication. " 03/01/1999 - "Treatment of rats with tungsten, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, before induction of PHN resulted in a marked decrease in glomerular xanthine oxidase activity and superoxide anion generation, and decreased proteinuria by 80% (day 12: 423+/-245 mg/d in PHN versus 78+/-53 mg/d in tungsten-treated PHN animals, P < 0.01). " 01/01/1990 - "The pharmacological block of both enzymes by allopurinol and tungsten block of both enzymes by allopurinol and tungsten reduced proteinuria to one-third of the original levels. " 03/01/1990 - "Inhibition of renal xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities by tungsten was associated with a marked reduction (P less than 0.001) of proteinuria in adriamycin-treated rats and the same occurred with allopurinol, a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase activity. " 09/01/1995 - "Unexpectedly, co-administration of allopurinol to puromycin aminonucleoside-treated rats did not reduce xanthine oxidase activity; however, the combined activity of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in such animals was reduced on day 5. Co-administration of tungsten to puromycin aminonucleoside-treated rats did not reduce proteinuria or alter the number of filtration slits. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Quartz
2.	Xenon
3.	Xanthine Oxidase
4.	Allopurinol (Remid)
5.	Platinum
6.	Aluminum
7.	Superoxides (Superoxide)
8.	Dental Cements
9.	Composite Resins
10.	Calcium

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser)
2.	Orthodontic Brackets
3.	Gas Lasers
4.	Brachytherapy
5.	Electrodes (Electrode)