HOME PRODUCTS SERVICES COMPANY CONTACT FAQ

Lymph Node Tuberculosis (Scrofula)

Subscribe to New Research on Lymph Node Tuberculosis

Infection of the lymph nodes by tuberculosis. Tuberculous infection of the cervical lymph nodes is scrofula.

Also Known As:

Scrofula; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Cervical Lymphadenitis, Mycobacterial; Lymph Node Tuberculoses; Lymphadenitis, Cervical Tuberculous; Lymphadenitis, Mycobacterial Cervical; Scrofulas; Tuberculoses, Lymph Node; Tuberculous Lymphadenitis; Tuberculous Lymphadenitis, Cervical; Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis; Lymphadenitis, Tuberculous; Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis

Networked: 240 relevant articles (9 outcomes, 17 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pulmonary Tuberculosis
2.	Tuberculosis (Tuberculoses)
3.	Lymphatic Diseases (Lymphadenopathy)
4.	Infection
5.	Erythema Induratum (Bazin Disease)

Experts

1.	Mustafa, Tehmina: 6 articles (01/2015 - 02/2005)
2.	Sviland, Lisbet: 6 articles (01/2014 - 02/2005)
3.	Wiker, Harald G: 3 articles (01/2015 - 01/2007)
4.	Mørkve, Odd: 3 articles (01/2007 - 02/2005)
5.	Kumar, Nathella Pavan: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
6.	Sridhar, Rathinam: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
7.	Jawahar, Mohideen S: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
8.	Banurekha, Vaithilingam V: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
9.	Nutman, Thomas B: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
10.	Babu, Subash: 2 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Lymph Node Tuberculosis:

1.	Rifampin (Rifampicin)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1973 - "[Clinical studies on the effects of rifampicin for tuberculous lymphadenitis (author's transl)]." 04/01/2002 - "Nested PCR for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis and PCR-SSCP for identification of rifampicin resistance in fine-needle aspirates." 01/01/1989 - "[Effectiveness of INH-rifampicin treatment of lymph node tuberculosis]." 01/01/1972 - "[Initial evaluation of the use of rifampicin in the treatment of bone and lymph node tuberculosis]." 11/01/2012 - "[A case of agranulocytosis caused by rifampicin during treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis in a chronic renal failure patient]."
2.	Isoniazid (Ftivazide)FDA LinkGeneric 02/03/1955 - "[Treatment of cervical lymph node tuberculosis with isonicotinic acid hydrazide and thiosemicarbazone combination]." 05/01/1953 - "[Isonicotinic acid hydrazide therapy of a case of lymph node tuberculosis]." 01/01/1953 - "[Use of isonicotinic acid hydrazide in therapy of tuberculous lymphadenitis]." 10/01/2011 - "We present a case of reversible acute pancreatitis after isoniazid treatment of lymph node tuberculosis, followed by the recurrence of pancreatitis upon the reintroduction of the drug." 08/02/1953 - "[Cervical lymph node tuberculosis and osteoarticular tuberculosis; possible bovine etiology; result of isoniazid therapy]."
3.	CytokinesIBA 04/01/2006 - "Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokines and apoptosis in tuberculous lymphadenitis." 09/01/2014 - "CD8(+) T cells secreting Type1 and Type 17 cytokines and cytotoxic molecules play a major role in immunity and protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), although their role in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is not well known. " 01/01/2013 - "Although Type 1 cytokine responses are considered protective in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), their role as well as those of Type 2, 17 and immunoregulatory cytokines in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) and latent tuberculosis (LTB) have not been well studied. " 01/01/2015 - "Multiplex Analysis of Pro- or Anti-Inflammatory Serum Cytokines and Chemokines in relation to Gender and Age among Tanzanian Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Patients." 04/01/2006 - "In this study we elaborate on the immune response and mechanisms of persistence of mycobacteria in lesions by analysing, using immunohistochemistry, the expression of cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)], apoptotic cells and apoptosis-related proteins [Bcl2, Bax, Fas ligand (FasL) and Fas] in the human tuberculous lymphadenitis lesions. "
4.	Tuberculin (PPD)IBA 12/01/2013 - "The patient's condition was subsequently diagnosed with EN associated with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis based on skin biopsy, tuberculin skin test, and treatment response. " 11/01/2012 - "For the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, it is important to suspect this disease from the findings of the sedimentation rate, tuberculin test, and ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration cytology. " 01/01/2010 - "The criteria for a definite diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis were based on a compatible clinical history, tuberculin positivity and either an indicative cytological result or positive culture. " 01/01/2009 - "We found that being foreign born, being HIV+, and having a prior history of a positive PPD appeared to be associated with a diagnosis of scrofula. " 01/01/2009 - "Given the delay to obtain PPD results, AFB results, and cultures for TB, the emergency physician (EP) must rely on the history and physical examination to make the diagnosis of scrofula. "
5.	Ethambutol (Myambutol)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1994 - "There was a history of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis 3 years earlier that was treated with isoniazide, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 2 years. " 12/01/1992 - "In conclusion, in areas with a high frequency of tuberculous strains presenting a primary resistance to isoniazid, a 9-month regimen of rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol is recommended for lymph node tuberculosis." 03/01/1990 - "Nine months of rifampicin and isoniazid, supplemented by ethambutol for the first 2 months, is the current treatment of choice for tuberculous lymphadenitis. " 07/01/1988 - "Seventy-three patients with superficial lymph node tuberculosis, who received either 9 months' or 18 months' treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid, supplemented by ethambutol for the first 8 weeks, were followed up for 5 years. " 06/01/1979 - "Ninety patients with lymph node tuberculosis were treated with either rifampicin and isoniazid or ethambutol and isoniazid for 18 months, supplemented by sheptomycin for the first two months. "
6.	Cod Liver OilIBA 11/18/1846 - "Cod-Liver Oil in Scrofula." 03/01/2012 - "After Ebenezer Scrooge's transformation, Scrooge could have ensured an improved diet, sunshine exposure, and possibly cod liver oil for Tiny Tim, which could have led to a "cure." Dickens was familiar with both rickets and TB and wrote about cod liver oil as a possible cure for rickets and scrofula. "
7.	Sepharose (Agarose)IBA 02/01/2002 - "Of 16 tissue samples of the patients pathologically diagnosed as suspicious scrofula, 15 samples were same positive results and this tallied with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection, too; 1 sample could find the specific bands of 383 bp and 268 bp which were present in the agarose gel and this tallied with nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. " 02/01/2002 - "Among them, 193 tissue samples of the patients pathologically diagnosed as scrofula, tuberculous granulomatous tissue or tuberculous granulomatous inflammation were positive: the specific hands of 383 bp, 123 bp and 268 bp were present in the agarose gel and this tallied with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. "
8.	butyl 3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)oxanilate (MTB)IBA 01/01/2014 - "We conducted a retrospective laboratory-based study to determine the bacteriological yield of clinically suspected mycobacterial tuberculous lymphadenitis following FNAB in adults, and specifically HIV-positive patients, to determine the need for the introduction of automated nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) such as the Xpert MTB/RIF assay as the initial diagnostic modality. " 11/01/2011 - "This study demonstrates the excellent diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF test in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. " 09/01/2014 - "Diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculous lymphadenitis on fine needle aspirates from Ethiopia." 11/01/2013 - "Diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of HIV-associated lymph node tuberculosis." 11/01/2011 - "Xpert MTB/RIF for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis from fine-needle-aspiration biopsy specimens."
9.	AntigensIBA 02/01/2007 - "To study tuberculous excretory-secretory (ES) 31 and ES-20 antigens in different pathogenic grades of lymph node tuberculosis (TB). " 01/01/2007 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of immunohistochemistry using an antibody to the secreted mycobacterial antigen MPT64, in abdominal and lymph node tuberculosis. " 02/01/2010 - "Serodiagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis using a combination of antigens." 07/01/2008 - "Species-specific immunocytochemical localization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in fine needle aspirates of tuberculous lymphadenitis using antibody to 38 kDa immunodominant protein antigen." 01/01/2007 - "Immunohistochemical diagnosis of abdominal and lymph node tuberculosis by detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex specific antigen MPT64."
10.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 09/01/2008 - "Air-dried fine needle aspirates of cervical lymph nodes from 98 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis were studied for cytomorphology, detection of acid fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, culture and nested PCR with IS6110 for mycobacteria on DNA eluted from the dried unstained cytology smear. " 09/01/2008 - "We have developed and evaluated a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay suitable for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA from fine needle aspirate smears of patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. " 09/01/2008 - "Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction with DNA eluted from aspirate smears of tuberculous lymphadenitis." 07/01/2006 - "Nucleic acid amplification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from archival fine needle aspiration smear scrapings vs. fresh fine needle aspirates of tuberculous lymphadenitis." 06/01/2000 - "PCR is a useful technique for the demonstration of mycobacterial DNA fragments in patients with clinically suspected cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis who have acid fast-negative histology and/or unsuccessful mycobacterial cultures."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 08/18/1990 - "Tuberculous lymphadenitis in children can be successfully treated with a short course chemotherapy regimen of six months." 11/01/2005 - "To investigate the relation between clinical outcomes and nodal features on computed tomography (CT) in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTBL) before and after antituberculous chemotherapy. " 11/01/2005 - "Detailed nodal features of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis on serial neck computed tomography before and after chemotherapy: focus on the relation between clinical outcomes and computed tomography features." 12/01/1993 - "A total of 105 patients with peripheral lymph node tuberculosis were treated by either surgical excision and chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. " 12/01/1993 - "Role of surgery and chemotherapy for peripheral lymph node tuberculosis."
2.	Radiotherapy 05/01/1963 - "[Tuberculous lymphadenitis accompanied by diffuse peripheral arteriolitis cured with tuberculostatic drugs and radiotherapy. " 03/21/1997 - "At the ages of 26 and 29 she had been treated for cervical lymph node tuberculosis with local excision and percutaneous radiotherapy of 8 Gy each time. " 01/01/1957 - "Concentrated radiotherapy of tuberculous lymphadenitis." 01/01/1998 - "The primary disease for which the radiotherapy had been applied was benign disease in 48 patients (including tuberculous lymphadenitis in 39 patients), and malignant tumors in 17 patients (including 9 laryngeal cancers and 5 thyroid cancers). " 06/01/2006 - "After anti tuberculosis therapy for three months, one patient was diagnosed as cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis combined with cervical lymph node metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and treated by radiotherapy in the department of oncology, the other thirty-one patients had no relapse and other manifestations of tuberculosis. "
3.	Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) 01/01/2007 - "Tuberculous lymphadenitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis." 12/01/2008 - "Complications of CAPD detected on CT studies included peritoneal thickening (n = 19; 45.7%), peritoneal calcifications (n = 2; 4.7%), peritoneal enhancement (n = 2; 4.7%); intraperitoneal loculation of fluids (n = 16; 38.1%), dilatation of bowels secondary to adhesions (n = 3; 7.1%); leakage of dialysis fluid adjacent to the entry site of the CAPD catheter (n = 6; 14.3%)(leaked dialysis fluid was loculated near the catheter in 4 of these patients); abscesses (n = 3; 7.1%); hernias (n = 5; 11.9%); hematomas (n = 5; 11.9%); tuberculous lymphadenitis (n = 2; 4.7%); bowel perforation (n = 2; 4.7%); ischemic bowel disease (n = 1; 2.4%); acute pancreatitis (n = 2; 4.7%); and catheter malposition (n = 1; 2.4%). "
4.	Catheters 12/01/2008 - "Complications of CAPD detected on CT studies included peritoneal thickening (n = 19; 45.7%), peritoneal calcifications (n = 2; 4.7%), peritoneal enhancement (n = 2; 4.7%); intraperitoneal loculation of fluids (n = 16; 38.1%), dilatation of bowels secondary to adhesions (n = 3; 7.1%); leakage of dialysis fluid adjacent to the entry site of the CAPD catheter (n = 6; 14.3%)(leaked dialysis fluid was loculated near the catheter in 4 of these patients); abscesses (n = 3; 7.1%); hernias (n = 5; 11.9%); hematomas (n = 5; 11.9%); tuberculous lymphadenitis (n = 2; 4.7%); bowel perforation (n = 2; 4.7%); ischemic bowel disease (n = 1; 2.4%); acute pancreatitis (n = 2; 4.7%); and catheter malposition (n = 1; 2.4%). "
5.	Traditional Medicine (Folk Remedies) 03/08/2011 - "Thladiantha dubia (Cucurbitaceae) has been used in Chinese manchu nationality folk medicine for treatment of various diseases, such as scrofula, carbuncle, lactation deficiency, etc. Its effects include softening hard masses, heat-clearing and detoxifying, reducing swelling, eliminating carbuncle, and promoting lactation. " 10/01/2013 - "Its whole plant has the medicinal functions of heat-clearing and detoxifying, relieving congestion and other effects, and is used as the folk medicine to cure scrofula, dysuria embolism and other symptoms. " 01/01/2014 - "Many species belonging to the Scrophularia genus have been used since ancient times as folk remedies for many medical conditions such as scrofulas, scabies, tumors, eczema, psoriasis, inflammations. " 01/01/2012 - "A new triterpenoid saponin and fourteen known triterpenoids were isolated from the methanol extract of the stems and leaves of Callicarpa integerrima Champ, which is used in Chinese folk medicine for stopping bleeding, expelling the wind, dissipating stagnation, and treating scrofula, by using various chromatographies, such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 column chromatography. "