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Cutaneous Tuberculosis (Scrofuloderma)

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Tuberculosis of the skin. It includes scrofuloderma and tuberculid, but not LUPUS VULGARIS.

Also Known As:

Scrofuloderma; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous; Cutaneous Tuberculoses; Scrofulodermas; Skin Tuberculoses; Tuberculids; Tuberculoses, Cutaneous; Tuberculoses, Skin; Tuberculosis, Skin; Skin Tuberculosis; Tuberculid

Networked: 280 relevant articles (5 outcomes, 12 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Tuberculosis (Tuberculoses)
2.	Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
3.	Bovine Tuberculosis
4.	Meningitis
5.	Skin Diseases

Experts

1.	Ramesh, V: 3 articles (07/2015 - 04/2010)
2.	Ramam, M: 2 articles (01/2013 - 12/2007)
3.	Sharma, Vinod K: 2 articles (01/2013 - 12/2007)
4.	Umapathy, K C: 2 articles (10/2006 - 06/2002)
5.	Ramanathan, V D: 2 articles (10/2006 - 06/2002)
6.	de Lisle, G W: 2 articles (08/2004 - 11/2003)
7.	Gottlieb, Jens: 1 article (10/2015)
8.	Cornberg, Markus: 1 article (10/2015)
9.	Voigtländer, Torsten: 1 article (10/2015)
10.	Welte, Tobias: 1 article (10/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Cutaneous Tuberculosis:

1.	Isoniazid (Ftivazide)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1955 - "[Clinical and experimental studies on the therapy of cutaneous tuberculosis with isonicotinic acid hydrazide]." 11/01/1953 - "[Clinical, experimental and histological studies on the treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis with isonicotinic acid hydrazide]." 01/01/2012 - "Cutaneous tuberculosis caused by isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis." 09/24/1994 - "In addition to routine chest X-rays, it includes tuberculosis skin testing and prophylactic treatment with isoniazid of skin test positive individuals. " 03/01/1968 - "[Causes of the alleged isoniazid failure in the therapy of skin tuberculosis]."
2.	Tuberculin (PPD)IBA 08/01/1962 - "[A case of papulonecrotic tuberculids cured by means of tuberculin desensitization]." 01/01/2015 - "The authors report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis in a 63-year-old female patient, who had an infiltrated, erythematous-ferruginous plaque of indurated aspect on her right leg and a nonreactive PPD skin test. " 01/01/2015 - "Cutaneous tuberculosis with nonreactive PPD skin test: a diagnostic challenge." 12/01/2000 - "There are an significative correlation between tuberculosis skin test diameter and PHR tuberculin fraction papula. " 07/01/1993 - "The positive diagnosis was much facilitated by the association with acneiform dermic tuberculids at face, intense and positive local reaction to PPD and a favourable therapeutic response to tuberculostatics. "
3.	InterferonsIBA 03/01/2012 - "Bacterial cultures are the gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous tuberculosis, but there are limitations, despite the advances embracing the innovative technologies, including interferon yrelease assays, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay, and molecular diagnostics, in addition to conventional skin tests and microscopic pathology. " 05/01/2011 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay (T-SPOT.TB; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK) for interferon-γ in patients with suspected cutaneous tuberculosis (TB). " 04/01/2013 - "Tuberculosis skin test, but not interferon-γ-releasing assays is affected by BCG vaccination in HIV patients." 01/01/2012 - "Following exposure national guidelines recommend either tuberculosis skin test or interferon-γ-release assay-testing of asymptomatic children. " 05/01/2011 - "Diagnostic value of an enzyme-linked immunospot assay for interferon-γ in cutaneous tuberculosis."
4.	Rifampin (Rifampicin)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1989 - "A case of penis tuberculid (papulonecrotic tuberculid of the glans penis) and its treatment with combination of oral rifampicin (RFP) and injection of an extract from tubercle bacilli (T.B. " 04/01/1989 - "Penis tuberculid (papulonecrotic tuberculid of the glans penis): treatment with a combination of rifampicin and an extract from tubercle bacilli (T.B. " 02/01/1972 - "[Therapeutic effect of rifampicin for skin tuberculosis]." 04/01/2010 - "It is imperative to rule out coexistence of cutaneous tuberculosis and leprosy as therapy with rifampicin in treatment of leprosy can lead to drug resistance in management of tuberculosis and the use of steroid in leprosy can aggravate cutaneous tuberculosis." 10/01/2006 - "A daily regimen of rifampicin and isoniazid for 9 months was effective in treating cutaneous tuberculosis."
5.	AntigensIBA 01/01/2007 - "In addition to the tuberculosis skin test (TST), novel blood tests, based on in vitro release of IFN-gamma in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 (IGRAs), are used for TB diagnosis. " 10/01/1992 - "However, a diagnostic sensitivity of 50% was achieved in patients with skin tuberculosis on the basis of a high ratio between antibody titres for the whole antigen and its TB23 epitope." 01/01/1952 - "A case of skin tuberculosis with a positive Kveim's reaction as late as five years after injection of antigen." 01/01/2004 - "Tuberculids represent a form of hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculosis antigens released from a distant focus of infection. " 03/01/1993 - "In scrofuloderma, LAM-B antigen was observed only in the granuloma while no other positive findings were noted with other stains. "
6.	DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)IBA 02/01/1999 - "The objective of this study was to explore the role of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fo the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA as a diagnostic aid in cutaneous tuberculosis using routinely processed skin biopsy specimens. " 01/01/2000 - "The PCR technique makes the detection of mycobacterial DNA in tuberculids a possibility, and therefore provides a rational basis for antituberculous therapy and for the clinical management of these disorders." 01/01/2000 - "Detection of mycobacterial DNA in papulonecrotic tuberculid lesions by polymerase chain reaction." 08/01/1996 - "Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA by the polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis." 12/01/1993 - "Scrofuloderma: the DNA analysis of mycobacteria by the polymerase chain reaction."
7.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)IBA 10/01/1961 - "[Studies on C-reactive proteins in cutaneous tuberculosis]." 03/01/1959 - "Influence of subcutaneous injection of tubercular polysaccharides, lipids and proteins on experimental skin tuberculosis in the guinea pig."
8.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 10/01/1987 - "A moderate to strongly positive Mantoux text, enormous lymphocytes in the granuloma, absence of tubercle bacilli, negative culture, and an apparently normal immunoprofile were features of lupus vulgaris; whereas scrofuloderma had a moderately positive Mantoux test, lesser number of lymphocytes in the granuloma, large number of bacilli in tissue smear and/or tissue section, raised levels of immunoglobulins, and a grossly lowered C3 levels. " 07/01/1984 - "This study investigates the occurrence of HLA-DR in keratinocytes in the following dermatoses: eczematous dermatitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, with immunoglobulin and non-exposed skin from cases of systemic lupus erythematosus with immunoglobulin deposits, lichen planus, lichen simplex, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, 'toxic erthema', tuberculid and chillblain. "
9.	Trace Elements (Biometals)IBA 06/01/1995 - "The study also reports changes of serum levels of the biometals in these patients which were compared with those in healthy control subjects and patients with skin tuberculosis. "
10.	Periodic AcidIBA 12/01/2006 - "The present study highlights the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining in diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis and correlates the cytomorphological features with histopathology.FNAC and biopsy was performed on 30 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis and along with the routine stains, ZN and periodic acid Schiffs staining was carried out in all cases. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 01/01/1953 - "[Experimental and clinical studies on chemotherapy of cutaneous tuberculosis]." 12/01/2012 - "In the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, he developed cutaneous tuberculosis. " 10/01/2004 - "The diagnosis was tuberculid of the penis and the patient received antituberculosis chemotherapy. " 06/01/2002 - "Biopsy lesions obtained from 17 patients with active cutaneous tuberculosis and 12 patients after a 6-month regimen of antituberculous chemotherapy were examined. " 12/01/1989 - "The case of a young Senegalese man who developed a form of cutaneous tuberculosis associated with a disseminated disease, successfully treated with appropriate antitubercular chemotherapy is reported. "
2.	Injections 01/01/1945 - "[Treatment of scrofuloderma with injections of lymph]." 05/01/1951 - "Treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis with local injections of streptomycin." 02/01/1951 - "Preliminary and short reports: local injections of streptomycin with intracaine and epinephrine in the treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis; report of three cases."
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/01/1998 - "Papulonecrotic tuberculid - relapse after treatment." 09/01/1990 - "Thirty sera of untreated VL patients, 37 sera 6-90 months after treatment, 18 sera from endemic controls, 8 sera from non-endemic controls and 23 sera from patients with other diseases (schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis) were tested. " 01/01/1955 - "[Peculiarities in the histological picture of cutaneous tuberculosis after treatment with isonicotinic acid hydrazide]."
4.	Kidney Transplantation 01/01/2006 - "This is, to our knowledge, the first case report on an isolated skin tuberculosis with mycobacterium tuberculosis after renal transplantation. " 01/01/2006 - "[Case report of skin tuberculosis after living renal transplantation]." 09/01/2002 - "Skin tuberculosis with atypical mycobacteria 8 years after combined pancreas-kidney transplantation."
5.	Phototherapy (Light Therapy) 01/01/2013 - "Modern phototherapy began with Nobel Prize winner Niels Finsen who developed a "chemical rays" lamp with which he treated patients with skin tuberculosis. " 06/01/2005 - "In 1903, Niels Ryberg Finsen was awarded the Nobel Prize for his invention of light therapy for skin tuberculosis (lupus vulgaris). "