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Trophoblastic Neoplasms (Trophoblastic Tumor)

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Trophoblastic growth, which may be gestational or nongestational in origin. Trophoblastic neoplasia resulting from pregnancy is often described as gestational trophoblastic disease to distinguish it from germ cell tumors which frequently show trophoblastic elements, and from the trophoblastic differentiation which sometimes occurs in a wide variety of epithelial cancers. Gestational trophoblastic growth has several forms, including HYDATIDIFORM MOLE and CHORIOCARCINOMA. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1691)

Also Known As:

Trophoblastic Tumor; Trophoblastic Tumors; Neoplasms, Trophoblastic; Trophoblast Cancer; Trophoblast Neoplasms; Trophoblast Tumor; Cancer, Trophoblast; Cancer, Trophoblastic; Cancers, Trophoblast; Cancers, Trophoblastic; Neoplasm, Trophoblast; Neoplasm, Trophoblastic; Neoplasms, Trophoblast; Trophoblast Cancers; Trophoblast Neoplasm; Trophoblast Tumors; Trophoblastic Cancers; Trophoblastic Neoplasm; Tumor, Trophoblast; Tumor, Trophoblastic; Tumors, Trophoblast; Tumors, Trophoblastic; Trophoblastic Cancer

Networked: 371 relevant articles (25 outcomes, 36 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Choriocarcinoma
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer)
3.	Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)
4.	Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor
5.	Neoplasm Metastasis (Metastasis)

Experts

1.	Xiang, Yang: 7 articles (10/2007 - 08/2003)
2.	Sekiya, Souei: 6 articles (03/2005 - 09/2002)
3.	Yamazawa, Koji: 6 articles (03/2005 - 09/2002)
4.	Matsui, Hideo: 6 articles (03/2005 - 09/2002)
5.	Savage, Philip: 5 articles (02/2015 - 03/2008)
6.	Seckl, Michael J: 5 articles (02/2015 - 03/2002)
7.	Jeschke, Udo: 5 articles (01/2013 - 06/2004)
8.	Friese, Klaus: 5 articles (01/2013 - 06/2004)
9.	Mitsuhashi, Akira: 5 articles (03/2005 - 09/2002)
10.	Tanaka, Naotake: 5 articles (03/2005 - 09/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Trophoblastic Neoplasms:

1.	Floxuridine (FUdR)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2004 - "To analyze the efficacy of floxuridine (FUDR)-containing regimens in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). " 08/01/2003 - "To analyse the efficacy of the floxuridine (FUDR)-containing regime (single agent or in combination) in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor. " 06/01/2004 - "Floxuridine-containing regimens in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor." 08/01/2003 - "[Floxuridine-containing regime in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor]." 08/01/2003 - "Seventy-four patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT), 47 invasive mole and 27 choriocarcinoma, were treated with FUDR-containing regime. "
2.	Dactinomycin (Ac-De)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2013 - "Actinomycin D (Act D) is a general transcriptional inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of sarcomas, and Wilms, germ cell and trophoblastic tumors. " 01/01/1987 - "Virtually 100% of patients with nonmetastatic and low-risk metastatic trophoblastic tumors are now curable by only conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as methotrexate, actinomycin D, or their combination with or without other agents. " 09/01/2002 - "The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a high-dose 5-fluorouracil and actinomycin D regimen (the FA regimen) as salvage chemotherapy for patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs). " 09/01/2002 - "Salvage combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and actinomycin D for patients with refractory, high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors." 06/01/1996 - "In this large series of patients with low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors, sequential single-agent chemotherapy with methotrexate and actinomycin D provided safe and extremely effective treatment."
3.	Etoposide (VP 16)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1986 - "Fertility in patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors treated with etoposide." 05/01/1996 - "Management of low-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors with etoposide (VP16) in patients resistant to methotrexate." 12/01/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and survival of patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs) treated with the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX) and etoposide (VP-16) regimen. " 01/01/1997 - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etoposide, methotrexate, and actinomycin D (EMA) as primary and secondary therapy for gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). " 01/01/1997 - "The management of gestational trophoblastic tumors with etoposide, methotrexate, and actinomycin D."
4.	Vincristine (Oncovin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2007 - "To evaluate the efficacy of the FAEV regimen (floxuridine, actinomycin D, etoposide, vincristine) in the treatment of high-risk, drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). " 02/01/2006 - "To evaluate the efficacy of floxuridine, actinomycin D, etoposide, vincristine (FAEV) regimen in treatment of high-risk drug-resistant gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). " 03/01/2010 - "Trophoblastic tumors can be divided into two groups: a low risk group treated by monotherapy, most often by Methotrexate or actinomycine D, with survey about 100% and a high risk group treated by polychemotherapy (Etoposide, Methotrexate, actinomycine D, cyclophosphamide, Vincristine with survey of 86%. " 10/01/1992 - "The etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine regimen has been demonstrated to be highly effective in patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors. " 07/01/2000 - "The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and survival of patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTTs) treated with a methotrexate-etoposide-actinomycin D (MEA) regimen without cyclosphosphamide or vincristine. "
5.	Chorionic Gonadotropin (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/15/1984 - "Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia can easily be followed from presentation to remission, and CIC changes can be compared with changes in human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) which is a specific and quantitative marker of trophoblastic tumor load. " 01/01/1974 - "A study of post-treatment fluctuation of human chorionic gonadotropin in trophoblastic tumor." 04/01/2014 - "In patients with elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, a lung mass, and a negative gynecologic examination, primary epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lung should be considered. " 12/01/2008 - "Clinical management of pregnancy, pregnancy-related disorders and trophoblastic tumors is dependent on immunoassay measurements of the complex analyte human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). " 09/28/2006 - "[Human chorionic gonadotropin in non-trophoblastic cancer]."
6.	Fluorouracil (Carac)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1984 - "Re-evaluation of 5-fluorouracil as a single agent for gestational malignant trophoblastic neoplasms." 02/01/1983 - "5-Fluorouracil in malignant trophoblastic tumors. " 01/01/1984 - "Large doses of 5-fluorouracil, administered by slow intravenous drip, have proven to be very effective in the treatment of malignant trophoblastic tumors. " 12/01/1998 - "From 1979 to 1988, 152 patients with trophoblastic tumor were treated with combination chemotherapy using nitrocaphanum and 5-FU. " 12/01/1998 - "Chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil and nitrocaphanum in malignant trophoblastic tumor."
7.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2006 - "Single-agent methotrexate is the usual primary treatment for women with low-risk trophoblastic tumors (TT), yet various regimens are currently used worldwide. " 08/01/2003 - "To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) give intravenously in the primary treatment of gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). " 06/01/1996 - "Since the advent of methotrexate therapy, trophoblastic tumors have become one of the most curable malignancies. " 08/01/1977 - "Selective protection of the gastrointestinal tract against methotrexate in the treatment of patients with trophoblastic tumors." 05/01/1973 - "[Method of selective protection of the gastrointestinal tract in the methotrexate treatment of trophoblastic tumors]."
8.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 07/01/2011 - "Our patient was successfully treated with EMA-CO regimen for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors and delivered a developmentally normal infant. " 12/01/2003 - "Forty-five patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors received 257 EMA-CO treatment cycles between 1986 and 2001. " 01/01/1999 - "Clinical assessment of EMA/CO induced DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumor patients." 11/01/1998 - "Risk factors for the prediction of treatment failure in gestational trophoblastic tumors treated with EMA/CO regimen." 07/01/1997 - "EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors: results from a cohort of 272 patients."
9.	nitrocaphaneIBA 12/01/1998 - "The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of nitrocaphanum (AT 1258) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT). " 04/01/1996 - "To evaluate the effectiveness, side effects and long term result of combination protocol of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and nitrocaphane (AT1258) on patients with malignant trophoblastic tumor. " 12/01/1988 - "[Combined treatment of malignant trophoblastic tumor with 5-fluorouracil and nitrocaphane]." 04/01/1996 - "[Combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and nitrocaphane for the treatment of malignant trophoblastic tumor]."
10.	Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2010 - "Trophoblastic tumors can be divided into two groups: a low risk group treated by monotherapy, most often by Methotrexate or actinomycine D, with survey about 100% and a high risk group treated by polychemotherapy (Etoposide, Methotrexate, actinomycine D, cyclophosphamide, Vincristine with survey of 86%. " 10/01/1984 - "Modified triple chemotherapy (MAC III: methotrexate with citrovorum factor, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide) was administered as primary treatment to 14 patients with high-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors (GTT). " 10/01/1992 - "The etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine regimen has been demonstrated to be highly effective in patients with high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors. " 11/01/1992 - "To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a regimen of etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine in patients with metastatic, high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors. " 06/01/2002 - "Multimodality therapy with combination chemotherapy employing etoposide, high-dose methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine and adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery, when indicated, has resulted in cure rates of 80-90% in patients with high-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 07/01/2007 - "In contrary, in order to assure sustained remission, the relapse rates after chemotherapy in the current study emphasize the need for surveillance of trophoblastic tumor patients even after complete remission has apparently been achieved." 08/01/2003 - "Although the development of effective chemotherapy has resulted in improved survival of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor, lung lobectomy remains an important adjunct treatment in a selected subset of patients. " 05/01/1999 - "Chemotherapy is very effective in the cure of gestational trophoblastic tumors. " 09/01/1991 - "The histologic grade (based on the criteria of Hertig and Sheldon) was compared with the subsequent clinical course, including the rates of spontaneous remission, persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor, metastatic disease, "high-risk" metastatic disease, chemotherapy resistance, and survival. " 05/01/2003 - "Eighty-two women (68%) achieved remission without chemotherapy; 23 women (19%) were lost to follow-up without achieving remission, and 16 women (13%) had gestational trophoblastic tumor. "
2.	Hysterectomy 03/01/2000 - "To evaluate the role of hysterectomy for patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor. " 03/01/2000 - "The role of hysterectomy in the therapy of gestational trophoblastic tumor." 01/01/1997 - "Diagnosis in this age group depends on a high level of suspicion, and hysterectomy should be considered due to the high risk of postmolar gestational trophoblastic tumor after suction uterine evacuation." 03/01/2000 - "Although the development of effective chemotherapy has resulted in improved survival of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor, hysterectomy remains an important adjuncts in the treatment of a selected subset of patients; in order to operate more completely and prevent recurrence, it's better to perform extended hysterectomy for the indicated patients." 04/01/2002 - "Choriocarcinoma and epithelial trophoblastic tumor: successful treatment of relapse with hysterectomy and high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell support: a case report."
3.	Adjuvant Radiotherapy 03/01/1994 - "Aggressive multimodality therapy with an appropriate combination of chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery has resulted in a cure for most patients with high-risk, metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. " 06/01/2002 - "Multimodality therapy with combination chemotherapy employing etoposide, high-dose methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine and adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery, when indicated, has resulted in cure rates of 80-90% in patients with high-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. " 01/01/1998 - "Multimodality therapy with combination chemotherapy employing etoposide, high-dose methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO), and adjuvant radiotherapy and surgery, when indicated, has resulted in cure rates of 80-90% in patients with high-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic tumors. "
4.	Immunotherapy 09/01/1983 - "[Cell-mediated immunity and immunotherapy in trophoblastic tumors]." 01/01/1991 - "The efficacy of immunotherapy for the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortions was tested in patients selected from the same ethnically homogeneous population of Chinese in Taiwan in whom the immunogenetics of gestational trophoblastic tumors and of recurrent spontaneous abortion had been studied. "
5.	Uterine Artery Embolization 03/01/2002 - "Selective uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective treatment for severe bleeding from residual uterine vascular malformations in patients with treated gestational trophoblastic tumors."