Trichuriasis

Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.

Also Known As:

Trichuris Infection; Trichuris trichiura Infection; Whipworm Infection; Infection, Trichuris; Infection, Trichuris trichiura; Infection, Whipworm; Infections, Trichuris; Infections, Trichuris trichiura; Infections, Whipworm; Trichocephaliases; Trichuriases; Trichuris Infections; Trichuris trichiura Infections; Whipworm Infections; Trichocephaliasis

Networked: 346 relevant articles (57 outcomes, 42 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Infections: 526564
- Parasitic Diseases: 4870
  - Helminthiasis: 527
    - Nematode Infections: 949
      - Adenophorea Infections
        Enoplida Infections: 42
        Trichuriasis: 346

Related Diseases

1.	Ascariasis
2.	Infections
3.	Hymenolepiasis
4.	Ancylostomiasis
5.	Hookworm Infections (Hookworm Infection)

Experts

1.	Keiser, Jennifer: 16 articles (01/2022 - 11/2011)
2.	Hattendorf, Jan: 9 articles (01/2022 - 12/2010)
3.	Hotez, Peter J: 7 articles (01/2022 - 01/2014)
4.	Ali, Said M: 6 articles (01/2022 - 01/2012)
5.	Else, Kathryn J: 6 articles (01/2021 - 05/2010)
6.	Albonico, Marco: 6 articles (01/2020 - 11/2002)
7.	Ame, Shaali M: 5 articles (01/2022 - 01/2012)
8.	Bottazzi, Maria Elena: 5 articles (01/2022 - 03/2014)
9.	Zhan, Bin: 5 articles (01/2022 - 03/2014)
10.	Hansen, Tina V A: 5 articles (07/2021 - 08/2013)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Trichuriasis:

1.	Mebendazole (Anti-Worm)FDA Link 05/05/1979 - " Mebendazole cured trichuriasis in 75% of the cases, and the overall egg reduction rate was 96%. " 07/01/1976 - "Thirty such children were investigated, and mebendazole was found to be safe and effective in the treatment of severe trichuriasis but it had to be given for a longer period than currently recommended. " 07/01/1982 - "Only mebendazole is effective against trichuriasis. " 01/01/1979 - "[Therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole in massive trichocephaliasis]." 10/01/2002 - "Efficacy of alebendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris and Trichuris infections."
2.	Albendazole (Albenza)FDA Link 11/01/2016 - "Low efficacy of albendazole against Trichuris trichiura infection in schoolchildren from Port Elizabeth, South Africa." 12/01/2021 - "Failure of Repeated MDA with Albendazole for Trichuriasis Control in Schoolchildren of the Yangon Region, Myanmar." 01/01/2020 - "MDA with albendazole also reduced hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection prevalences in the community from 58.6% to 21.2% (p<0.001), from 14.0% to 1.6% and 4.1% to 2.9%, respectively. " 10/01/2016 - "Evaluating Effect of Albendazole on Trichuris trichiura Infection: A Systematic Review Article." 01/01/2013 - "Growth reduction among primary schoolchildren with light trichuriasis in Malaysia treated with albendazole."
3.	AnthelminticsIBA 01/01/2012 - "The currently used anthelmintic drugs, in single oral application, have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura infection, and hence novel anthelmintic drugs are needed. " 09/27/2014 - "The study suggested that Trichuris-specific RXR antagonists may be a source of much-needed novel anthelmintic candidates for the treatment of trichuriasis. " 11/01/1991 - "[A morphological and histochemical study of the large intestine of white mice with experimental trichocephaliasis and after the action of some anthelmintic preparations]." 12/01/2018 - "Molecular confirmation of Trichuris infection was carried out using polymerase chain reaction targeting internal transcribed spacer sequences, and anthelmintic efficacy was assessed by fecal egg count reduction test, respectively. " 01/01/2012 - "There is a pressing need to develop new anthelmintics against trichuriasis."
4.	oxantelIBA 01/01/1978 - "For trichuriasis, oxantel-pyrantel given twice, 12 hours apart, appears to be the best treatment schedule and further clinical trials using this regimen are suggested." 07/20/2021 - "Control of human trichuriasis is a particular challenge, as most anthelmintics have a limited single-dose efficacy, with the striking exception of the narrow-spectrum anthelmintic, oxantel. " 11/01/2002 - "Both drugs had a moderate efficacy against Trichuris trichiura infection, but pyrantel-oxantel had a higher cure rate (31.5% vs. 23.3%, P < 0.01), though the reductions in egg counts did not differ significantly and were more than 80%. " 07/01/1976 - "It is concluded that oxantel is a safe and effective anthelmintic for severe clinical trichuriasis." 04/01/1982 - "[Massive trichocephaliasis and other helminthiasis in children and its treatment with pyrantel pamoate/oxantel]."
5.	PyrantelIBA 01/01/1978 - "For trichuriasis, oxantel-pyrantel given twice, 12 hours apart, appears to be the best treatment schedule and further clinical trials using this regimen are suggested." 11/01/2002 - "Both drugs had a moderate efficacy against Trichuris trichiura infection, but pyrantel-oxantel had a higher cure rate (31.5% vs. 23.3%, P < 0.01), though the reductions in egg counts did not differ significantly and were more than 80%. " 10/03/1998 - "Randomised trial of albendazole and pyrantel in symptomless trichuriasis in children." 10/03/1998 - "Symptomless trichuriasis impairs growth and albendazole or pyrantel may affect growth, independently of a therapeutic action on parasites. " 01/01/1978 - "In a pilot study in 17 children, oxantel-pyrantel as one single dose of 10 to 20mg/kg of each, gave good results in ascariasis but poor cure rates in both trichuriasis and necatoriasis. "
6.	Ivermectin (Mectizan)FDA Link 06/01/2008 - "The study showed that ivermectin, with few side effects, could be used as an additional treatment tool for intestinal nematodes, especially for the treatment of Ascaris and Trichuris infections in China." 01/01/2018 - "Ivermectin can be administered safely to PSAC with trichuriasis. " 06/01/2001 - "Follow-up of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections in children living in a community treated with ivermectin at 3-monthly intervals." 09/10/2008 - "Among school-age children, ivermectin treatment had significant effects on the prevalence (adjusted OR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.03-0.14) and intensity of Trichuris trichiura infection (adjusted RR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.11-0.70), but appeared to have no impact on Ascaris lumbricoides or hookworm infection. " 09/10/2008 - "The present data indicate that the long-term control of onchocerciasis with ivermectin may provide additional health benefits by reducing infections with trichuriasis. "
7.	HexylresorcinolIBA 05/01/1951 - "[Application of hexylresorcinol in the treatment of ascaridosis and trichocephaliasis in children]." 01/01/1951 - "[Hexylresorcinol in the treatment of rectal trichocephaliasis]." 01/01/1952 - "[Treatment of trichocephaliasis with hexylresorcinol (santokin) in a form of enema; report of four cured cases]." 09/01/1951 - "[Nine cases of trichocephaliasis cured with hexylresorcinol enemas (santokin)]." 09/01/1951 - "[One hundred cases of trichocephaliasis cured with hexylresorcinol enemas (santokin)]."
8.	BenzimidazolesIBA 01/01/2018 - "First, the benzimidazoles possess unsatisfactory efficacy against Trichuris trichiura infections. " 04/01/2014 - "The single-dose benzimidazoles used against Trichuris trichiura infections in humans are not satisfactory. " 04/01/1984 - "Such severe cases of trichuriasis should be considered separately; they do not represent the majority of cases infected by this parasite, which usually respond to benzimidazoles." 04/01/1984 - "Benzimidazoles in the treatment of trichuriasis: a review." 12/01/2017 - "It is well known that the efficacy of a single oral dose of benzimidazoles against Trichuris spp. infections in humans and animals is poor, but is currently still used in control programmes against human trichuriasis. "
9.	TabletsIBA 10/01/2007 - "The efficacy of tribendimidine enteric coated tablet given to the children with Trichuris trichiura infection at a single dose of 200 mg was 36.8% (112/304). " 12/01/2017 - "This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new chewable, rapidly-disintegrating mebendazole (MBZ) 500 mg tablet for Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection treatment. " 12/01/2017 - "Efficacy and Safety of a Single-Dose Mebendazole 500 mg Chewable, Rapidly-Disintegrating Tablet for Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura Infection Treatment in Pediatric Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study." 02/28/2008 - "The cure rate of tribendimidine enteric coated tablet given to patients with Trichuris trichiura infection at a single dose of 400 mg was 76.8% (109/142). " 09/01/1954 - "Use of a hexylresorcinol tablet in the enema treatment of whipworm infection."
10.	Praziquantel (Biltricide)FDA Link 01/01/1994 - "The authors point to high efficacy of the drugs mebendazol, albendazol, medaminol (against ancylostomiasis, ascariasis, trichocephaliasis), praziquantel (against schistosomiasis and hymenolepiasis)." 06/01/2001 - "A comparative trial of albendazole alone versus combination of albendazole and praziquantel for treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection." 06/01/2001 - "A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of albendazole alone and albendazole combined with praziquantel in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection. " 03/01/2002 - "Comparative clinical studies of nitazoxanide, albendazole and praziquantel in the treatment of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hymenolepiasis in children from Peru." 03/01/2001 - "In areas with schistosomiasis, hookworm infection and high prevalence of Trichuris infection, combination treatment with praziquantel, triple-dose albendazole, plus iron supplementation, is likely to improve pupils' health and haemoglobin levels."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Enema (Enemas) 01/01/1952 - "[Treatment of trichocephaliasis with hexylresorcinol (santokin) in a form of enema; report of four cured cases]." 09/01/1951 - "[Nine cases of trichocephaliasis cured with hexylresorcinol enemas (santokin)]." 09/01/1951 - "[One hundred cases of trichocephaliasis cured with hexylresorcinol enemas (santokin)]." 07/01/1951 - "[Treatment of trichocephaliasis with hexylresorcinol (santokin) in the form of enemas; report of four cases cured]." 02/01/1989 - "Mebendazole retention enema for severe Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) infection: a case report."
2.	Therapeutics 06/01/2002 - "Both therapies were equally effective against trichuriasis, recording cure rates >77% and egg reduction rates >83%. " 11/11/2023 - "All therapies showed similar low efficacy in treating trichuriasis in Côte d'Ivoire. " 06/01/1992 - "The results suggest that whipworm infection has an adverse effect on certain cognitive functions which is reversible by therapy." 02/22/1992 - "It is concluded that whipworm infection has an adverse effect on certain cognitive functions which is reversible by therapy." 07/01/1961 - "[Therapy of massive trichuriasis]."
3.	Mass Drug Administration 01/01/2018 - "Mass drug administration programs are therefore unlikely to achieve eradication and new treatments for trichuriasis are desperately needed. " 04/01/2020 - "Effect of Mass Drug Administration with a Single Dose of Albendazole on Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura Infection among Schoolchildren in Yangon Region, Myanmar." 01/01/2016 - "A common characteristic of Trichuris spp. infections in humans and animals is the variable but low efficacy of single-dose benzimidazoles currently used in mass drug administration programmes against human trichuriasis. " 01/01/2021 - "A total of 1,088 children weighing less than 15 kg were administered oral ivermectin for one of the following indications: scabies, mass drug administration for scabies control, crusted scabies, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, pthiriasis, strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, and parasitic disease of unknown origin. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 03/18/2019 - "The primary outcome is cure rate (CR) against Trichuris trichiura infection as assessed by Kato-Katz 14-21 days after treatment. " 03/01/2014 - "CCR5 surface density on memory CD4 T cells was increased by 1.2-fold during Trichuris infection (p-value: 0.053) and reduced after treatment (p = 0.003). " 10/01/2004 - "Quantitative measures of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection (based on faecal egg counts) were estimated immediately before and 8-9 months after treatment in a Cameroonian population. " 05/01/1994 - "Serum isotype responses after treatment of human trichuriasis." 01/01/1975 - "Egg count comparisons using the McMaster method on feces collected before and one month after treatment indicated a cure rate for trichuriasis of 65.6% and 89.3% and a total egg reduction of 69.5% and 95.9% for three- and four-day regimens, respectively. "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 11/01/2011 - "Though trichuriasis is a significant public health problem, few effective drugs are available underscoring the need for new drug therapies. " 06/01/1992 - "The effect of repeated chemotherapy on the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection." 09/01/1958 - "[Chemotherapy of trichuriasis; studies on experimental infection of dogs with Trichuris vulpis]." 05/01/2003 - "Where trichuriasis is a major problem, single dose chemotherapy may take some time to reduce prevalence, but reduction of heavy infections will reduce the incidence of Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome, probably benefit the learning abilities of affected schoolchildren, and may reduce anaemia and stunting. " 01/27/2016 - "Preventive chemotherapy (PCT) programmes are used to control five of the highest burden neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): soil-transmitted helminth infections (hookworm, ascariasis, and trichuriasis), lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and trachoma. "