Toxoids

Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. Anatoxin toxoids are distinct from anatoxins that are TROPANES found in CYANOBACTERIA.

Also Known As:

Networked: 861 relevant articles (36 outcomes, 103 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): 18 articles (06/2011 - 02/2000)
2.	Halperin, Scott A: 11 articles (01/2012 - 12/2003)
3.	Broder, Karen R: 7 articles (01/2013 - 03/2006)
4.	Smith, Philip J: 7 articles (04/2011 - 07/2005)
5.	Chu, Susan Y: 6 articles (06/2006 - 08/2002)
6.	Barker, Lawrence E: 6 articles (04/2006 - 08/2002)
7.	Jackson, Lisa A: 5 articles (05/2014 - 08/2002)
8.	Murphy, Trudy V: 5 articles (04/2014 - 06/2003)
9.	Noya, Francisco: 4 articles (07/2014 - 04/2007)
10.	Bocchini, Joseph A: 4 articles (06/2014 - 08/2011)

Related Diseases

1.	Tetanus 02/01/1992 - "The study of tetanus toxoids obtained from different manufacturers in the USSR has shown that these preparations exhibit molecular heterogeneity. " 01/01/1970 - "The need for determination of the international unitage of tetanus toxoids used in human studies and the confirmation of relationship of this value to persistence of antitoxin levels is emphasized." 01/01/1970 - "Although there was marked variation between HA and TN titres of individual sera, results indicated that haemagglutination is a useful procedure for the over-all evaluation of the antitoxin responses to tetanus toxoids in field studies." 04/01/1965 - "[Experimental trials of tetanus immunization with toxoids obtained from extracts and integral bodies of tetanus bacilli]." 01/01/1961 - "[Study of the sensitizing properties of tetanus toxoids in experiment. "
2.	Diphtheria 01/01/2000 - "This study worked out differences between purified diphtheria toxoids. " 07/01/1989 - "It is concluded from this study that the ToBI test is a valuable model in the potency assay of diphtheria toxoids, based on antitoxin induction in mice." 06/01/1970 - "Studies on the composition of diphtheria toxoids. " 06/01/1970 - "Studies on the composition of diphtheria toxoids. " 06/01/2010 - "It is recommended that for all adults diphtheria toxoids booster immunization should be conducted every 10 years for all adults."
3.	Whooping Cough (Pertussis) 02/01/2013 - "Chemically detoxified pertussis toxoids were able to translocate/internalize into cells at the concentration about 1,000 times higher than the native toxin. " 01/01/2010 - "Mass spectrometric analysis of multiple pertussis toxins and toxoids." 01/01/1963 - "[EFFECT OF TOXOIDS ON THE IMMUNOGENIC VALUE OF THE PERTUSSIS COMPONENT]." 01/01/1997 - "Examination of similarities between diphtheria and pertussis and their toxoids provide insight into vaccine-induced protection to Bordetella pertussis." 10/19/1995 - "There were 312 cases of pertussis (72 in the DTP-toxoids group and 240 in the DT-toxoids group) that met the clinical criterion (paroxysmal cough lasting > or = 21 days) and laboratory criteria for pertussis as defined by the World Health Organization. "
4.	Infection 08/01/2004 - "Commercial toxoids available in North America have no label claims for efficacy against type E infections. " 12/01/2011 - "Clinicopathological and immunological studies on toxoids vaccine as a successful alternative in controlling clostridial infection in broilers." 07/06/1983 - "[Prevention of anaerobic infections of ruminants in Madagascar by intradermal administration of ultrafiltered toxoids of locally specific clostridia]." 05/01/1981 - "Protection against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice by active immunization with exotoxin A toxoids." 05/01/2003 - " P(499), and HIS-PLO.A(522), were found to be nontoxic, and vaccinated mice were protected from infection, indicating the potential of these toxoids as vaccines. "
5.	Pneumonia (Pneumonitis) 01/01/1977 - "OEP plus toxoids was significantly more effective than OEP alone in protecting mink against hemorrhagic pneumonia due to P. " 11/01/1983 - "One vaccination with 100 micrograms each of OEP and toxoids of protease and elastase prevented an epidemic in mink of hemorrhagic pneumonia due to P. " 01/01/1977 - "Effects of the common protective antigen (OEP) and toxoids of protease and elastase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on protection against hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink." 11/01/1983 - "The effectiveness of immunizing mink with a new multicomponent vaccine consisting of the common protective antigen (OEP) and toxoids of protease and elastase on experimental as well as epidemic hemorrhagic pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. " 08/01/1981 - "Effectiveness of a multi-component vaccine consisting of the common antigen (OEP) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N 10 (serotype E) and toxoids of protease and elastase was compared with that of formalin-killed cells of strain N 10 on protection against enzootic of hemorrhagic pneumonia due to P. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Pertussis Vaccine
2.	Vaccines
3.	Antigens
4.	Hemagglutinins (Hemagglutinin)
5.	Pancreatic Elastase (Elastase)
6.	pertussis toxoid
7.	Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines (Tripedia)
8.	aluminum sulfate (alum)
9.	pertactin
10.	Formaldehyde (Formol)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
2.	Injections
3.	Subcutaneous Injections
4.	Contraception (Birth Control)
5.	Microspheres (Microsphere)