Tolonium Chloride

A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.

Also Known As:

Networked: 501 relevant articles (16 outcomes, 52 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Goldberg, Leonard H: 4 articles (11/2014 - 06/2007)
2.	Kimyai-Asadi, Arash: 3 articles (11/2014 - 06/2007)
3.	Yamada, Nobutaka: 3 articles (01/2014 - 02/2005)
4.	Garcia, Valdir Gouveia: 3 articles (07/2012 - 03/2003)
5.	Zhang, Z G: 3 articles (03/2010 - 04/2008)
6.	Bi, L J: 3 articles (03/2010 - 04/2008)
7.	Epstein, Joel B: 3 articles (10/2007 - 11/2003)
8.	Wilson, M: 3 articles (03/2003 - 01/2000)
9.	Silverman, S: 2 articles (10/2015 - 06/2008)
10.	Wainwright, Mark: 2 articles (09/2015 - 05/2012)

Related Diseases

1.	Mouth Neoplasms (Oral Cancer) 01/01/2012 - "A study to evaluate the efficacy of toluidine blue and cytology in detecting oral cancer and dysplastic lesions." 05/01/1989 - "This study used meta-analysis, an analytical technique that uses raw data from previous researchers, to estimate the efficacy of screening for oral cancer with tolonium chloride (TCl). " 02/23/2009 - "Originally developed for detecting abnormal growths on the uterine cervix, in 2001 it received FDA clearance for "identification, evaluation, and monitoring of oral mucosal abnormalities in a patient population at increased risk for oral cancer." The toluidine blue marking system was cleared for inclusion in 2005." 04/01/2014 - "Chemiluminescence and Toluidine Blue as Diagnostic Tools for Detecting Early Stages of Oral Cancer: An invivo Study." 01/01/2013 - "Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of screening for oral cancer or potentially malignant disorders using visual examination, toluidine blue, fluorescence imaging or brush biopsy. "
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 10/01/2013 - "Key words:Early detection, improved survival, pre-cancer, toluidine blue, vital staining. " 09/01/2012 - "To find out the efficacy of chemiluminescent illumination (ViziLite™) for the diagnosis in precancer and cancer patients and compare this result to toluidine blue staining and oral exfoliative cytology. " 05/01/1996 - "Based on these findings, it appears that toluidine blue improved the ability to assess margin status at the time of resection, and we advocate its use after resection of tumors to the upper aerodigestive tract." 07/01/2012 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of p53, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and c-kit as immunohistochemical markers and toluidine blue staining for mast cell that can correlate with the clinical outcome and clarify role of mast cells in pathogenesis of tumor. " 03/01/2013 - "A visceral mast cell tumor was confirmed by histologic examination and toluidine blue staining, with splenic, hepatic, lymphoid, renal, and pulmonary infiltration. "
3.	Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma) 06/01/1988 - "The toluidine blue test, which is a simple procedure accessible to all dermatologists, can help achieve early diagnosis and effective treatment of mucosal squamous cell carcinoma." 01/01/2012 - "The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 1% toluidine blue (modified Mashberg technique) and cytology in detection of oral premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. " 05/01/1996 - "To determine the efficacy of toluidine blue in assessing margin status after removal of squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. " 01/01/2012 - "The results of this study suggest that 1% toluidine blue and cytology have high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting oral premalignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma and can be used as an adjunct for early detection of such lesions." 06/01/2015 - "Diagnostic modalities for squamous cell carcinoma: an extensive review of literature-considering toluidine blue as a useful adjunct."
4.	Infection 02/21/2005 - "Giemsa staining, improved Toluidine-blue staining and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. " 02/14/2005 - "Giemsa staining, improved toluidine-blue staining, and H pylori-specific antibody immune staining were performed as appropriate for the histological diagnosis of H pylori infection. " 01/01/2002 - "The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of physiological and environmental factors on the susceptibility of some bacteria associated with oral infections in immunocompromised patients to killing by the photosensitizer toluidine blue O (TBO). " 10/01/2003 - "pylori infection and 1% toluidine blue to count mast cells. " 09/01/1999 - "Application of high doses of BTH induced occasional cell wall thickening and accumulation of a compound that stained purple by toluidine blue O, but the defense response was weak, sporadic, and insufficient to reduce powdery mildew infection on cucumber. "
5.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 03/01/1997 - "New colposcopic protocols for US forensic examiners enable documentation of genital trauma in 87-92% of rape victims--a significant improvement over protocols based on gross visualization or toluidine blue dye enhancement. " 08/01/2013 - "After empirical investigation, it was determined that the application of the tool would require the use of magnification and toluidine blue in order to have the sensitivity to detect the majority of injuries that occur after sexual intercourse. " 07/01/2009 - "In order to determine if the injury patterns and total surface area of genital injuries can differentiate between the types of intercourse (consensual or non-consensual), eighty women were examined after non-consensual (retrospective chart review, n = 40) and consensual (recruited, n = 40) intercourse within 48 hours using colposcopy, toluidine blue dye, and digital photography to document genital injuries. " 07/01/2009 - "Toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy of cartilage revealed significant integration of the wound edges in disc/ring composites treated with ZVF. " 01/01/2009 - "Experienced sexual assault forensic examiners using visual inspection, colposcopy technique with digital imaging, and toluidine blue application documented the number, type, and location of anogenital injuries. "

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2.	Collagen
3.	Proteoglycans (Proteoglycan)
4.	Methemoglobin
5.	Polypropylenes (Polypropylene)
6.	Calcium
7.	Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
8.	Astra Blue
9.	delrin
10.	Tryptases (Tryptase)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Stents
2.	Photochemotherapy (Photodynamic Therapy)
3.	Gas Lasers
4.	Endoscopes
5.	Lasers (Laser)