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Tinnitus

A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Ringing-Buzzing-Tinnitus; Spontaneous Oto-Acoustic Emission Tinnitus; Tensor Palatini Induced Tinnitus; Tensor Tympani Induced Tinnitus; Tinnitus of Vascular Origin; Tinnitus, Clicking; Tinnitus, Leudet; Tinnitus, Leudet's; Tinnitus, Noise Induced; Tinnitus, Objective; Tinnitus, Spontaneous Oto-Acoustic Emission; Tinnitus, Subjective; Tinnitus, Tensor Palatini Induced; Tinnitus, Tensor Tympani Induced; Vascular Origin Tinnitus; Clicking Tinnitus; Induced Tinnitus, Noise; Leudet Tinnitus; Leudet's Tinnitus; Noise Induced Tinnitus; Objective Tinnitus; Ringing Buzzing Tinnitus; Spontaneous Oto Acoustic Emission Tinnitus; Subjective Tinnitus; Tinnitus, Leudets; Tinnitus, Pulsatile; Tinnitus, Spontaneous Oto Acoustic Emission; Tinnitus, Vascular Origin; Pulsatile Tinnitus

Networked: 1897 relevant articles (282 outcomes, 359 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Vertigo (Positional Vertigo)
2.	Hearing Loss (Hearing Impairment)
3.	Dizziness (Lightheadedness)
4.	Tinnitus
5.	Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Experts

1.	De Ridder, Dirk: 42 articles (04/2015 - 02/2004)
2.	Langguth, Berthold: 33 articles (01/2015 - 05/2003)
3.	Vanneste, Sven: 29 articles (04/2015 - 04/2010)
4.	Van de Heyning, Paul: 21 articles (10/2015 - 02/2004)
5.	Kleinjung, Tobias: 16 articles (02/2012 - 10/2003)
6.	Smith, Paul F: 14 articles (08/2015 - 07/2005)
7.	Shulman, Abraham: 13 articles (01/2012 - 01/2002)
8.	Zheng, Yiwen: 12 articles (08/2015 - 12/2006)
9.	Mazurek, Birgit: 12 articles (01/2015 - 01/2002)
10.	Brozoski, Thomas J: 11 articles (11/2014 - 02/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tinnitus:

1.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1978 - "Lignocaine appears to be highly effective in suppressing tinnitus in patients with presumed damage or degeneration of the Organ of Corti and is less effective in other groups. " 11/01/1997 - "During a follow-up of 12-44 months, 4 cases treated with lidocaine achieved complete remission; in 3 cases the tinnitus eased off to such an extent that it was no longer regarded as annoying. " 06/01/1983 - "Significant improvement in the tinnitus was seen in 13 patients after lignocaine compared with only 3 patients after saline. " 10/01/2004 - "Review of the literature and the authors' experience suggest the following points regarding intratympanic treatment for tinnitus: 1. Lidocaine, although effective in decreasing tinnitus, has been largely abandoned because of its severe side-effect profile and need for inpatient administration. " 02/01/1980 - "It is shown that intravenous lignocaine is effective in reducing tinnitus, although duration of such effect is short. "
2.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 01/01/2014 - "The trial will be the first study with a high evidence level in China to assess the efficacy of De Qi in the treatment of tinnitus in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled manner. " 01/01/2011 - " considering the impact of tinnitus on patients' quality of life, the results of only one study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores at four months follow-up (defined as a 'partial improvement' by the study authors (THI reduction of 21% to 80%)) when low-frequency rTMS was compared with a sham control treatment. " 08/15/2015 - "Although evidence of tinnitus developed in the exposed-vehicle group compared to the sham-vehicle group (P≤0.03), in response to a 32kHz tone, there were no significant drug effects from treatment with RO27-3225, indicating that it did not confer any protection against the development of tinnitus in this animal model. " 01/01/2010 - "There was a significant reduction in both groups of the tinnitus total score on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) (real rTMS p=0.005; sham rTMS p=0.049) and Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) total score (real rTMS p=0.003; sham rTMS p=0.049). " 01/01/2010 - "After active rTMS there was significant improvement of the tinnitus score as compared to sham rTMS for up to 6 months after stimulation. "
3.	Carbon MonoxideIBA 07/01/2010 - "Effective treatment of the co-symptoms using cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in conjunction with medication often reduces the severity of tinnitus perception and discomfort." 01/01/2015 - "The absence of QEEG-VBM correlations suggest functional changes are not reflected by co-occurring structural changes in tinnitus, and the absence of VBM changes (except for the cerebellum) that survive correct statistical analysis in a large study population suggests that VBM might not be very sensitive for studying tinnitus. " 08/01/2014 - "The study was proposed to evaluate co-morbid depression, anxiety and stress associated with tinnitus patients. " 01/01/2014 - "The present study investigated 24 individuals suffering from chronic tinnitus (TI) and 24 nonaffected controls (CO). " 03/01/2013 - "The study was carried out to determine the impact of some co-morbid otological symptoms and demographic factors on the emotional distress and cognitive functioning in patients with tinnitus. "
4.	Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (Rokan)IBA 01/01/2009 - "It was shown that monotherapy with tanakan effectively improved the hearing function and had the most pronounced beneficial effect on subjective tinnitus. " 05/01/2002 - "The objective of the present study in 60 patients with chronic tinnitus aurium was to confirm the efficacy of oral treatment with 2 x 80 mg Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 per day subsequent to 10-day EGb 761 infusion treatment. " 05/01/2002 - "The efficacy of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in patients with tinnitus." 01/01/2014 - "Following an earlier study we here tested the potential effectiveness of prophylactic EGb 761 treatment against NIHL and tinnitus development in the Mongolian gerbil. " 01/11/2001 - "In a systematic search of the literature 19 clinical trials investigating the effects of tinnitus treatment with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 were identified and evaluated. "
5.	Carbamazepine (Tegretol)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2008 - "To determine whether carbamazepine is effective in treating the subjective tinnitus. " 04/01/2010 - "Furthermore, low doses of carbamazepine, although not effective for the general population of tinnitus patients, relieved the symptoms." 11/01/2008 - "Completion of treatment, tinnitus loudness matching assessment showed that the efficacy of the carbamazepine group was similar to that of the control group. " 06/01/2009 - "Treatment of subjective tinnitus: a comparative clinical study of intratympanic steroid injection vs. oral carbamazepine." 01/01/1985 - "A double-blind controlled trial on the use of oral carbamazepine in the treatment of tinnitus is reported. "
6.	MelatoninIBA 07/01/2011 - "Melatonin is most effective in men, those without a history of depression, those who have not undergone prior tinnitus treatments, those with more severe and bilateral tinnitus, and those with a history of noise exposure." 07/01/2011 - "Melatonin is associated with a statistically significant decrease in tinnitus intensity and improved sleep quality in patients with chronic tinnitus. " 03/01/1998 - "There was also a statistically significant difference in improvement with melatonin for those patients with bilateral tinnitus compared with those with unilateral tinnitus (P = 0.02). " 07/01/2011 - "Absence of depression and/or anxiety at baseline, greater pretreatment TSI scores, and greater pretreatment SRT scores were found to be positively associated with greater likelihood of improvement in both tinnitus and sleep with use of melatonin (p<0.05). " 07/01/2011 - "We sought to report the efficacy of oral melatonin as treatment for chronic tinnitus and to determine whether particular subsets of tinnitus patients have greater benefit from melatonin therapy than others. "
7.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/2001 - "The objective of this article is to discuss the clinically effective use of gabapentin in patients with tinnitus. " 04/01/2011 - "Efficacy of gabapentin on subjective idiopathic tinnitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." 12/01/2011 - "However, following the assessment of risk of bias and within-study clinical heterogeneities, this review concludes that there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of gabapentin on tinnitus." 12/01/2011 - "The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of gabapentin on tinnitus via a systematic review. " 04/01/2011 - "Although gabapentin was found to be ineffective for tinnitus in these previous studies, to the best of our knowledge no studies have been performed that took into consideration the presence of various accompanying factors and concomitant diseases that might influence its effect. "
8.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2002 - "The effect of gentamicin on tinnitus presented intersubject variability, and no correlation was found between the amount of gentamicin injected and its effect on tinnitus." 09/01/2002 - "However, the effect of gentamicin on tinnitus has been less well identified. " 09/01/2002 - "Intratympanic gentamicin in Menière's disease: the impact on tinnitus." 06/01/2000 - "[Round window microcatheter administered microdose of gentamycin: an alternative in the treatment of tinnitus in patients with Menière's disease]." 01/01/1995 - "We have examined the effect of intratympanic gentamicin on hearing and tinnitus in 69 patients with intractable Menière's disease. "
9.	Pentoxifylline (Trental)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2001 - "The patient's subjective assessment of the treatment with regard to improvement in hearing and reduction in tinnitus suggested that Ginkgo biloba extract was more beneficial than pentoxifylline. " 01/01/1989 - "Efficacy of oral oxpentifylline in the management of idiopathic tinnitus." 01/01/1989 - "There was no significant difference between the placebo and treatment groups for any of the parameters measured, and, therefore, oxpentifylline cannot be recommended in the management of idiopathic tinnitus." 05/01/1988 - "In addition, symptoms like sleep disturbances, vertigo, and tinnitus improved significantly during the pentoxifylline observation period." 09/01/2000 - "DPOAE-amplitudes did not change in patients without hearing loss after a treatment with Pentoxifylline i.v., also not at the frequency of tinnitus, although there was a subjective reduction of tinnitus. "
10.	Betahistine (Serc)IBA 05/01/2011 - "This study aims to detect whether any differences were present between betahistine dihydrochloride, transcutaneal electrical nerve stimulation and pure tone masking-tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) methods in the effects on quality of life and treatment of the symptoms of the patients. " 01/01/2001 - "One trial with good methods showed no effect of betahistine on tinnitus compared with placebo in 35 patients. " 07/01/2011 - "The daily dosage of 48 mg of betahistine during 120 consecutive days is useful to reduce or eliminate tinnitus in patients with vestibular disorders." 07/01/2011 - "To assess the effects of betahistine on tinnitus in patients with vestibular disorders. " 07/01/2011 - "Betahistine is a medicine used to treat vestibular disorders that has also been used to treat tinnitus. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Hearing Aids (Hearing Aid) 01/01/2015 - "Hearing aid or tinnitus masker: which one is the best treatment for blast-induced tinnitus? " 05/01/1988 - "In most cases, the tinnitus of burnt-out Menière's disease can be relieved easily by the masking afforded through the use of hearing aids." 01/01/2015 - "It has not been proven, however, whether these "combination instruments" are more effective for tinnitus management than hearing aids alone. " 12/01/2012 - "The results support the use of hearing aids for tinnitus management, and suggest that masking may be a significant contributor to hearing aid success, implying that high-frequency amplification may be effective in high-pitch tinnitus." 04/01/2007 - "Previous linear analogue hearing aid fitting had not been beneficial for either hearing or tinnitus. "
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/1990 - "The effect was rapid in onset, usually unnoticed (although tinnitus was reported in seven patients), and resolved completely after treatment was completed." 04/01/2015 - "At the end of therapy, the patient experienced a significant reduction in tinnitus symptoms that lasted for 2 months after treatment. " 01/01/1987 - "Global therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment of 100 patients with tinnitus. " 01/01/2010 - "THI results before and after treatment were respectively: functional: 29 and 14, emotional 24 and 10 and catastrophic 12 and 5 and the HAD scale: anxiety 2 and 9 and depression 10 and 6. The treatment described is effective in improving tinnitus symptoms." 04/01/2015 - "After treatment, tinnitus score and tinnitus grade were all improved as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P<0. "
3.	Cochlear Implants (Cochlear Implant) 10/01/2012 - "However, all studies reported that bilateral cochlear implants improved hearing and speech perception: one randomised controlled trial found a significant binaural benefit over the first ear alone for speech and noise from the front (12.6 ± 5.4%, P < 0.001) and when noise was ipsilateral to the first ear (21 ± 6%, P < 0.001); and another found a significant benefit for spatial hearing at 3 and 9 months post-implantation compared with pre-implantation [mean difference (sd) scores: 3 months = 1.46 (0.83-2.09), P < 0.01].Quality of life results varied, showing bilateral implantation may improve quality of life in the absence of worsening tinnitus. " 03/01/2001 - "Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in tinnitus intensity in patients using cochlear implants, with 35 of 38 patients (92%) experiencing a reduction in tinnitus intensity. " 12/01/1992 - "Overall, the majority of the patients (74%) thought that their cochlear implant was helpful in tinnitus suppression, especially in the ear with the implant. " 09/01/2015 - "The study shows that a background sound mixed with the microphone input can be effective for suppressing tinnitus during daily use of the sound processor in selected cochlear implant users." 01/01/2006 - "Our aim was to study tinnitus in individuals before surgery and after cochlear implant activation and to observe improvement in the perception of tinnitus, comparing these results with data in the literature. "
4.	Psychology Biofeedback (Biofeedback) 11/01/1992 - "Is biofeedback effective for chronic tinnitus? " 01/01/1988 - "Biofeedback procedures were effective in modifying EMG activity levels, but changes in EMG levels were not related systematically to behavioral ratings of tinnitus. " 07/01/1984 - "Recent evidence suggests that relaxation-biofeedback treatment is effective in reducing or eliminating tinnitus. " 02/01/1981 - "Although auditory biofeedback procedures were effective in decreasing and increasing EMG activity at frontalis muscle sites, changes in EMG levels were not systematically related to behavioral severity ratings of either tinnitus or annoyance. " 12/01/2008 - "This study developed and investigated the efficacy of a biofeedback-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for tinnitus. "
5.	Cochlear Implantation 03/01/1994 - "After cochlear implantation, tinnitus was abolished in 44% and decreased in 39%, for an overall improvement in 83%. " 10/01/2014 - "Cochlear implantation resulted in improved sound localization accuracy when compared with performance using only the NH ear, and reduced tinnitus handicap was observed with use of the implant. " 11/01/2015 - "There are no high level of evidence studies concerning cochlear implantation and the effect on tinnitus. " 11/01/2015 - "Original studies reporting on cochlear implantation and the effect on tinnitus, measured with a tinnitus questionnaire, were included. " 04/01/2015 - "Furthermore, variety of studies demonstrated that the tinnitus severity improves in 46-95 % of cases following the cochlear implantation. "