Tinnitus

A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

Also Known As:

Ringing-Buzzing-Tinnitus; Spontaneous Oto-Acoustic Emission Tinnitus; Tensor Palatini Induced Tinnitus; Tensor Tympani Induced Tinnitus; Tinnitus of Vascular Origin; Tinnitus, Clicking; Tinnitus, Leudet; Tinnitus, Leudet's; Tinnitus, Noise Induced; Tinnitus, Objective; Tinnitus, Spontaneous Oto-Acoustic Emission; Tinnitus, Subjective; Tinnitus, Tensor Palatini Induced; Tinnitus, Tensor Tympani Induced; Vascular Origin Tinnitus; Clicking Tinnitus; Induced Tinnitus, Noise; Leudet Tinnitus; Leudet's Tinnitus; Noise Induced Tinnitus; Objective Tinnitus; Ringing Buzzing Tinnitus; Spontaneous Oto Acoustic Emission Tinnitus; Subjective Tinnitus; Tinnitus, Leudets; Tinnitus, Pulsatile; Tinnitus, Spontaneous Oto Acoustic Emission; Tinnitus, Vascular Origin; Pulsatile Tinnitus

Networked: 4401 relevant articles (646 outcomes, 996 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hearing Loss (Hearing Impairment)
2.	Vertigo (Positional Vertigo)
3.	Tinnitus
4.	Meniere Disease (Menieres Disease)
5.	Dizziness (Lightheadedness)

Experts

1.	Langguth, Berthold: 110 articles (11/2022 - 05/2003)
2.	De Ridder, Dirk: 69 articles (01/2022 - 02/2004)
3.	Vanneste, Sven: 57 articles (01/2022 - 04/2010)
4.	Van de Heyning, Paul: 51 articles (11/2022 - 02/2004)
5.	Kleinjung, Tobias: 47 articles (05/2022 - 10/2003)
6.	Mazurek, Birgit: 42 articles (03/2022 - 01/2002)
7.	Schecklmann, Martin: 40 articles (11/2022 - 01/2011)
8.	Schlee, Winfried: 37 articles (05/2022 - 01/2007)
9.	Hoare, Derek J: 32 articles (04/2022 - 07/2011)
10.	Hall, Deborah A: 31 articles (01/2022 - 07/2011)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tinnitus:

1.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2019 - "Despite improvement in symptoms of tinnitus, most patients did not continue the study after the first month, dropping out due to the size, discomfort, and appearance of the lidocaine patch, failure to follow-up and lack of perceived benefit from treatment. " 02/01/1978 - "Lignocaine appears to be highly effective in suppressing tinnitus in patients with presumed damage or degeneration of the Organ of Corti and is less effective in other groups. " 11/01/1997 - "During a follow-up of 12-44 months, 4 cases treated with lidocaine achieved complete remission; in 3 cases the tinnitus eased off to such an extent that it was no longer regarded as annoying. " 06/01/1983 - "Significant improvement in the tinnitus was seen in 13 patients after lignocaine compared with only 3 patients after saline. " 08/05/2018 - "Postauricular injection of lidocaine is effective for simple subjective tinnitus, and the dose and concentration of lidocaine affect the efficacy and durability. "
2.	salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)IBA 01/01/2023 - "Study outcomes were considered positive if the treatment arm reported a significant reduction in the primary tinnitus score relative to sham. " 10/15/2014 - "The trial will be the first study with a high evidence level in China to assess the efficacy of De Qi in the treatment of tinnitus in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled manner. " 10/05/2011 - " considering the impact of tinnitus on patients' quality of life, the results of only one study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores at four months follow-up (defined as a 'partial improvement' by the study authors (THI reduction of 21% to 80%)) when low-frequency rTMS was compared with a sham control treatment. " 01/01/2021 - "Tinnitus treatment with high frequency, bilateral, DMPFC rTMS was effective in reducing tinnitus severity measured by THI and matched tinnitus loudness when compared to sham stimulation." 01/01/2010 - "There was a significant reduction in both groups of the tinnitus total score on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) (real rTMS p=0.005; sham rTMS p=0.049) and Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) total score (real rTMS p=0.003; sham rTMS p=0.049). "
3.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/2004 - "3. The good results reported in the literature with intratympanic steroids for treating tinnitus of various causes should be viewed with caution,because most are retrospective and uncontrolled studies. " 01/01/2019 - "The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of temporomandibular steroids for treating patients with tinnitus, and more specifically, to assess the parameters associated with a long-term benefit in order to improve patient selection. " 10/01/2010 - "Despite a low level of evidence treatment with steroids and initially plasma expanding infusions is recommended for acute tinnitus if there is no spontaneous remission. " 04/06/2020 - "This study was performed to identify acute tinnitus and evaluate the efficacy of steroids for noise-induced acute tinnitus by measuring the gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) value in an animal model. " 08/01/2020 - "To examine the efficacy of an intratympanic steroid injection in tinnitus cases unresponsive to medical treatment. "
4.	Silver Sulfadiazine (SSD)FDA LinkGeneric 12/16/2019 - "The significant improvement of speech understanding in noise, sound localisation, tinnitus perception, subjective hearing ability, and in particular the improved quality of life support the recommendation that patients with recently acquired SSD should be offered a CI. " 09/01/2016 - "CI is beneficial for hearing rehabilitation and tinnitus reduction in SSD patients with remaining viable cochlear nerve after translabyrinthine VS surgery. " 04/01/2016 - "TRT was effective in SSD patients with subjective tinnitus." 01/01/2016 - "The SSD group report tinnitus reduction as the primary benefit, whereas the majority of the AHL group report improved hearing as the primary benefit, eight (3-10) years after implantation. " 01/01/2016 - "In the SSD group, tinnitus suppression is still the primary benefit reported (83%), whereas in the AHL the majority of the subjects (55%) report that the primary benefit shifted to improved hearing. "
5.	Ginkgo biloba extract (Rokan)IBA 01/01/2009 - "It was shown that monotherapy with tanakan effectively improved the hearing function and had the most pronounced beneficial effect on subjective tinnitus. " 01/01/2011 - "There is evidence of efficacy for the standardized extract, EGb 761(®) (Dr Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co KG Pharmaceuticals, Karlsruhe, Germany), in the treatment of tinnitus from three trials in patients in whom tinnitus was the primary complaint. " 05/01/2002 - "The objective of the present study in 60 patients with chronic tinnitus aurium was to confirm the efficacy of oral treatment with 2 x 80 mg Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 per day subsequent to 10-day EGb 761 infusion treatment. " 05/01/2002 - "The efficacy of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in patients with tinnitus." 09/25/1986 - "However, the Ginkgo biloba extract treatment improved the condition of all the tinnitus patients, irrespective of the prognostic factor."
6.	Gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 03/01/2017 - "We conclude that gabapentin 300 mg bid for 6 weeks is an effective treatment for acoustic tinnitus. " 02/01/2001 - "The objective of this article is to discuss the clinically effective use of gabapentin in patients with tinnitus. " 03/01/2022 - "The objective of the study is to perform a systematic review in order to evaluate the efficacy of oral gabapentin in patients with tinnitus. " 01/01/2022 - "A trial of gabapentin 300 mg twice per day improved tinnitus with no notable side effects. " 04/01/2011 - "Efficacy of gabapentin on subjective idiopathic tinnitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial."
7.	Dexamethasone (Maxidex)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2020 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the factors predicting the success or failure of intratympanic dexamethasone (ITD) injection in the treatment of acute subjective tinnitus (AST). " 01/01/2018 - "The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection (ITDI) in acute tinnitus of presumed cochlear origin. " 06/01/2014 - "In reference to Intratympanic dexamethasone injection for refractory tinnitus: prospective placebo-controlled study." 06/01/2014 - "In response to Intratympanic dexamethasone injection for refractory tinnitus: prospective placebo-controlled study." 11/01/2013 - "Intratympanic dexamethasone injection for refractory tinnitus: prospective placebo-controlled study."
8.	Gentamicins (Gentamicin)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2002 - "The effect of gentamicin on tinnitus presented intersubject variability, and no correlation was found between the amount of gentamicin injected and its effect on tinnitus." 09/01/2002 - "However, the effect of gentamicin on tinnitus has been less well identified. " 09/01/2002 - "Intratympanic gentamicin in Menière's disease: the impact on tinnitus." 06/01/2000 - "[Round window microcatheter administered microdose of gentamycin: an alternative in the treatment of tinnitus in patients with Menière's disease]." 01/01/1998 - "Round-Window Microcatheter-Administered Microdose Gentamicin: Results from Treatment of Tinnitus Associated with Menière's Disease."
9.	SalicylatesIBA 01/01/2008 - "In an effort to increase the amount of information available on CBZ, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of CBZ in salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats We investigated the effects of CBZ in an animal model of tinnitus induced by the injection of salicylate using a conditioned lick suppression paradigm. " 12/01/2023 - "Purpose of the study was is to determine whether different concentrations of salicylate can cause tinnitus of different intensity. " 04/01/2023 - "Given the significance of the access to an objective and non-invasive method for tinnitus detection, in this study the auditory brainstem response (ABR) electrophysiological test was used to diagnose salicylate-induced tinnitus, in parallel with common behavioral tests. " 12/21/2021 - "In this study, we examined the beneficial effects of VPA in a salicylate-induced tinnitus model in vitro and in vivo. " 01/01/2020 - "The present study showed that acute and chronic administrations of salicylate were both capable of inducing reversible tinnitus in rats. "
10.	MelatoninIBA 07/01/2011 - "Melatonin is most effective in men, those without a history of depression, those who have not undergone prior tinnitus treatments, those with more severe and bilateral tinnitus, and those with a history of noise exposure." 07/01/2011 - "Melatonin is associated with a statistically significant decrease in tinnitus intensity and improved sleep quality in patients with chronic tinnitus. " 03/01/1998 - "There was also a statistically significant difference in improvement with melatonin for those patients with bilateral tinnitus compared with those with unilateral tinnitus (P = 0.02). " 07/01/2011 - "Absence of depression and/or anxiety at baseline, greater pretreatment TSI scores, and greater pretreatment SRT scores were found to be positively associated with greater likelihood of improvement in both tinnitus and sleep with use of melatonin (p<0.05). " 02/01/2006 - "Melatonin may be a safe treatment for patients with idiopathic tinnitus, especially those with sleep disturbance due to tinnitus."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/16/2023 - "Despite the lack of a cure for most tinnitus, there are multiple strategies available that can help reduce symptoms, including education, counseling, sound therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy." 08/01/2011 - "Data showed a highly significant improvement in both tinnitus treatments starting from the first three months and up to one year of therapy, with a progressive and statistically significant decrease in the disability every three months. " 06/02/2023 - "Due to the lack of curative treatment strategies, this study aims to introduce a novel acoustic therapy named the modified tinnitus relieving sound (MTRS) for tinnitus and to evaluate the efficacy of MTRS in comparison with unmodified music (UM) which served as a control. " 01/01/2023 - "Thus, this systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol aims to compare the efficacy of various acupuncture-related therapies for primary tinnitus, and determine the optimal treatment. " 01/01/2021 - "Nineteen subjects of the tinnitus group had benefited from a complete course of sound therapy (binaural beat for a month). "
2.	Hearing Aids (Hearing Aid) 01/01/2021 - "Hearing aids are highly effective for improving the intrusive and sense of control subscales in patients with tinnitus. " 01/01/2015 - "Hearing aid or tinnitus masker: which one is the best treatment for blast-induced tinnitus? " 05/01/1988 - "In most cases, the tinnitus of burnt-out Menière's disease can be relieved easily by the masking afforded through the use of hearing aids." 06/01/2017 - "Whereas hearing aids have long been considered effective for providing relief from tinnitus, controlled clinical studies evaluating this premise have been very limited. " 01/01/2015 - "It has not been proven, however, whether these "combination instruments" are more effective for tinnitus management than hearing aids alone. "
3.	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 01/01/2012 - "The efficacy of tDCS in tinnitus could not be fully confirmed by the current study because of the limited number of studies, but all studies included in the current systemic review and meta-analysis demonstrated significant tinnitus intensity improvement. " 01/01/2021 - "HD-tDCS of the right DLPFC resulted in a significant improvement of the tinnitus perception, with a larger improvement for the female tinnitus patients." 09/01/2020 - "Active tDCS significantly improved tinnitus annoyance and severity. " 10/25/2018 - "The current literature shows moderate to significant therapeutic efficacy of tDCS on tinnitus symptoms. " 01/01/2018 - "There was a significant reduction in tinnitus loudness after tDCS of DLPFC. "
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 06/01/1990 - "The effect was rapid in onset, usually unnoticed (although tinnitus was reported in seven patients), and resolved completely after treatment was completed." 10/01/2010 - "When subjects were grouped by tinnitus pitch, the group of patients with a tinnitus pitch of less than 6 kHz (n = 10 subjects) showed a significant reduction in perceived tinnitus loudness (from 73.4 +/- 6.1 before to 56.4 +/- 7.4 after treatment, p = 0.012), whereas in subjects with a tinnitus pitch of 6 kHz or more (n = 5 subjects) tinnitus loudness was slightly increased after six months of treatment (65.0 +/- 4.7 before and 70.6 +/- 5.9 after treatment), but the increase was not significant (p = 0.063). " 01/01/1987 - "Global therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment of 100 patients with tinnitus. " 01/01/2010 - "THI results before and after treatment were respectively: functional: 29 and 14, emotional 24 and 10 and catastrophic 12 and 5 and the HAD scale: anxiety 2 and 9 and depression 10 and 6. The treatment described is effective in improving tinnitus symptoms." 06/01/2023 - "Hearing improvement and tinnitus remission were all observed in three groups after treatment. "
5.	Cochlear Implants (Cochlear Implant) 10/01/2012 - "However, all studies reported that bilateral cochlear implants improved hearing and speech perception: one randomised controlled trial found a significant binaural benefit over the first ear alone for speech and noise from the front (12.6 ± 5.4%, P < 0.001) and when noise was ipsilateral to the first ear (21 ± 6%, P < 0.001); and another found a significant benefit for spatial hearing at 3 and 9 months post-implantation compared with pre-implantation [mean difference (sd) scores: 3 months = 1.46 (0.83-2.09), P < 0.01].Quality of life results varied, showing bilateral implantation may improve quality of life in the absence of worsening tinnitus. " 12/01/2022 - "Tinnitus has no reliable cure but may be significantly relieved by the usage of cochlear implants. " 10/01/2022 - "Recent research corroborates previous investigations of the significant benefits on measures of spatial hearing, tinnitus severity and quality of life for adult cochlear implant recipients. " 01/01/2020 - "On both THI and VAS, patients reported significant reduction in their scores, representing an overall improvement in tinnitus severity while wearing the cochlear implant. " 03/01/2017 - "A significant reduction was found when comparing Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score preoperatively (61.2±27.5) to the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score after three months of cochlear implant use (24.6±28.2, p=0.004) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score beyond 6months of CI use (13.3±18.9, p=0.008). "