Tinea (Ringworm)

Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.

Also Known As:

Ringworm; Dermatophytosis; Trichophyton mentagrophytes Infection; Epidermophytoses; Infection, Trichophyton mentagrophytes; Tineas; Trichophyton mentagrophytes Infections; Trichophytoses; Dermatophytoses; Epidermophytosis; Tinea Corporis; Trichophytosis

Networked: 1698 relevant articles (225 outcomes, 229 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Tinea cruris
2.	Infections
3.	Tinea Pedis (Athlete's Foot)
4.	Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor)
5.	Tinea (Ringworm)

Experts

1.	Sardana, Kabir: 15 articles (11/2022 - 11/2017)
2.	Hiruma, Masataro: 13 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
3.	Mignon, Bernard: 12 articles (01/2019 - 12/2003)
4.	Khurana, Ananta: 11 articles (11/2022 - 01/2018)
5.	Rezaei-Matehkolaei, Ali: 11 articles (07/2022 - 01/2012)
6.	Kano, Rui: 11 articles (01/2022 - 01/2004)
7.	Makimura, Koichi: 11 articles (11/2018 - 01/2003)
8.	Dogra, Sunil: 9 articles (01/2022 - 01/2018)
9.	Yamaguchi, Hideyo: 9 articles (06/2012 - 01/2002)
10.	Chowdhary, Anuradha: 7 articles (11/2022 - 07/2018)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tinea:

1.	Terbinafine (Lamisil)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1992 - "High cure rates have been obtained in a preliminary study with oral terbinafine, 0.25 g/d, for 12 months, which have cleared toenail tinea in 15 of 17 patients. " 10/01/2014 - "Our findings suggest that in vivo potency and efficacy of AS2077715 are equal to or greater than that of terbinafine, positioning AS2077715 as a good candidate for use in treating trichophytosis. " 11/12/2023 - "In summary, our study establishes TH-NEG as a promising carrier for terbinafine in treating dermatophytosis, offering improved drug delivery and sustained release potential." 03/01/2001 - "In the tinea corporis/cruris study, treatment was effective in 65% of the terbinafine group compared with 8% of the vehicle group (P < .001). " 11/01/2003 - "Terbinafine was found to be a well-tolerated and effective treatment of tinea of the skin and nails."
2.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1999 - "Oral itraconazole (100mg/day) was highly effective in treating his dermatophytosis without any adverse effects. " 09/01/1990 - "Itraconazole is an effective medication against the most common dermatophytoses. " 07/01/1990 - "The results showed that itraconazole is effective for the treatment of dermatophytosis, at the studied posology, with 100% of mycological cure. " 01/01/1987 - "Itraconazole appeared to be effective in the treatment of tinea corporis. " 01/01/1987 - "Thus, either 50 or 100 mg of itraconazole daily constitutes effective treatment for dermatophytoses. "
3.	Griseofulvin (Grifulvin V)FDA LinkGeneric 05/01/2006 - "Our results show that topical griseofulvin preparations may be effective and safe in treating tinea circinata and that further large-scale studies may establish the high efficacy of the niosomal gel formulation." 07/01/1977 - "Two cases of tinea in the neonate treated successfully with griseofulvin." 11/01/2009 - "Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of treatment for dermatophytosis since many years. " 01/01/2004 - "Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of treatment for tinea imbricata (TI) for decades; however, there have been few reports of efficacy of newer antifungals in the treatment of this condition. " 10/01/2013 - "In our opinion, the treatment of this severe dermatophytosis with griseofulvin is safe and effective. "
4.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2000 - "Fluconazole is effective and safe for primary prevention of tinea gladiatorum. " 07/01/1999 - "Fluconazole in a weekly dosing schedule should be considered in the first-line treatment of tinea gladiatorum." 09/01/2009 - "Over the course of this 10-year study, out of 373 participants using prophylactic fluconazole, the incidence rate of tinea gladiatorum dropped from 67.4% to 3.5%. " 01/01/1998 - "Given the high fluconazole concentrations attainable in the stratum corneum and the long elimination half-life of fluconazole, we investigated whether efficacy is satisfactory when using fluconazole at once weekly doses of 150 mg. In an open, noncomparative study, tinea corporis and cruris patients were treated with once weekly fluconazole 150 mg over 2-4 weeks. " 08/01/1996 - "Efficacy and safety of oral fluconazole in the treatment of patients with tinea corporis, cruris or pedis or cutaneous candidosis : a multicentre, open, noncomparative study."
5.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 10/11/2021 - "Real World Analysis of Response Rate and Efficacy of Oral Ketoconazole in Patients with Recalcitrant Tinea Corporis and Cruris." 01/01/2022 - "The patient was then diagnosed with tinea faciei and was topically treated with 0.2% ketoconazole cream twice per day for 7 days. " 10/11/2021 - "In this retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the response rate, efficacy, relapse rate, and side effects of oral ketoconazole (KZ) in the treatment of recalcitrant tinea corporis and cruris. " 03/01/2001 - "A prolonged treatment by ketoconazole had a successful resolution in 70% of cases; 1 case of ciliar tinea caused by Trichophyton violaceum. " 01/01/1992 - "Ketoconazole for treatment of dermatophytosis in cats."
6.	sertaconazole FDA Link 03/01/1995 - "It is concluded that once-daily topical sertaconazole is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for pediatric patients with dermatophytosis." 05/01/1992 - "Therapeutic efficacy and safety of the new antimycotic sertaconazole in the treatment of cutaneous dermatophytosis." 01/01/2003 - "The aim of this multicentre, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of once-daily topical application of sertaconazole 2% cream compared with corresponding vehicle cream in the treatment of patients with tinea of glabrous skin. " 05/01/1992 - "In vivo activity of sertaconazole in experimental dermatophytosis in guinea pigs." 01/01/2009 - "In randomized, double-blind, multicentre trials of 3-6 weeks' duration (n = 127-383), a significantly greater number of patients with tinea of the glabrous skin and tinea pedis receiving topical 2% sertaconazole cream once or twice daily achieved a successful mycological cure compared with recipients of a placebo cream. "
7.	Antifungal AgentsIBA 01/01/1984 - "This criterion was favorably comparable with that based on local symptoms and, therefore, proved to be useful as a more objective and quantitative measure for assessment of therapeutic efficacy of such antifungal agents in the animal model of dermatophytosis." 03/24/2005 - "On the basis of these promising results, 4c is currently being clinically investigated for its potential as a novel antifungal agent against dermatophytosis." 10/01/2013 - "Efficacy of topical antifungal agents in the treatment of dermatophytosis--reply." 10/01/2013 - "Efficacy of topical antifungal agents in the treatment of dermatophytosis: an incomplete meta-analysis." 07/01/2011 - "The efficacy of antifungal agents for the treatment of dermatophytosis has yet to be evaluated. "
8.	Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/21/1975 - "Locally applied clotrimazole (Canesten) proved to be effective in the treatment of dermatophytosis. " 05/01/2006 - "In previous trials, it showed a higher efficacy than clotrimazole in the treatment of dermatophytoses. " 07/01/1974 - "Topical clotrimazole in dermatophytosis in a prison environment." 03/01/1973 - "Topical clotrimazole in dermatophytosis." 06/01/1995 - "Dermatophytosis was considerably reduced after both APB and Canesten therapies."
9.	imidazoleIBA 01/01/1986 - "This new imidazole derivative has been successfully administered in several cases of dermatophytosis, yeasts and pityriasis versicolor in the authors' clinic, as well as in many other research centres. " 10/01/1999 - "This biological characteristic of triazole derivative (-)-40 resulted in excellent therapeutic efficacy on dermatophytosis superior to that of the corresponding imidazole derivative ((-)-41)." 01/01/2002 - "All these results suggest that the combined deactivators-supplemented medium is more useful for mycological evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of imidazole and allylamine drugs against dermatophytoses in both preclinical and clinical studies." 12/01/1996 - "An investigation was carried out to determine whether or not here had been any changes in the susceptibility of clinically isolated strains of Trichophyton metagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum (both leading causes of tinea) to bifonazole, an imidazole derivative and antifungal for topical use. " 06/01/2012 - "Short-term therapy with luliconazole, a novel topical antifungal imidazole, in guinea pig models of tinea corporis and tinea pedis."
10.	SolutionsIBA 03/01/1992 - "The cream preparation and solution of lactoconazole at concentrations of more than 0.25% were highly effective in either tinea models, and at concentrations of more than 1%, lactoconazole achieved complete mycological cure. " 01/01/1989 - "A mathematical model is presented, intended to help in the solution of some problems related to analysis and prediction of the time course of trichophytosis morbidity. " 05/01/1968 - "[Clinical experiences with an anti-tinea drug, TBK-II solution]." 01/01/1949 - "The therapeutic action of Castellani's solution in the experimental guinea pig ringworm." 03/01/1999 - "The scrapings from all the cases were subjected to direct microscopic examination in 10% KOH solution and culture was done in case of candidiasis and dermatophytosis. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 07/01/2010 - "The importance of the new organization is expected efficient improvement in the dermatophytosis therapy at home, better quality of patient's life and the reduction of the cost of treatment." 09/01/2021 - "After 16 weeks of application of the alternative topical therapy, the clinical signs of dermatophytosis were eliminated throughout the whole shelter. " 09/01/2015 - "We report a case of tinea corporis in an infant in whom dermoscopy helped us to determine vellus hair involvement, causing treatment to be switched from topical to systemic antifungal therapy. " 04/18/2009 - "Results indicate that nested PCR may be considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis and can aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy." 03/01/1982 - "Efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum L.) therapy against experimental dermatophytosis in rabbits."
2.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 07/01/2016 - "EN secondary to a kerion of the scalp before the beginning of antifungal treatment has been reported in the literature, with a spontaneous improvement of the EN after treatment of the tinea." 07/01/2011 - "Study procedures performed by the subjects included (i) completion of a questionnaire concerning lifestyle, risk factors for tinea corporis and medical history; (ii) scrubbing the scalp with a circular hairbrush to obtain samples for fungal culture; (iii) anti-fungal treatment as recommended by a dermatologist, based on the number of fungal colonies isolated from the hairbrush; and (iv) repeat testing using the hairbrush method 3 months after treatment recommendations were received. " 04/01/2013 - "We discuss the concepts behind the campaign, the primary health agents that participated in it, and the latent medical ramifications that were found among children treated for ringworm, many years after treatment--pathologies that can be linked to the irradiation they received as children. " 09/01/1994 - "Over a 2-year period, we saw 37 patients with a diagnosis of dermatophytid on the hands based on 1) culture-proven dermatophytosis on one or both feet; 2) symmetrical, secondary vesicular eruptions on the fingers and/or palmar aspects of the hands; and 3) a resolution in both areas of involvement after treatment of the dermatophytosis on the foot. " 01/01/1982 - "Sixteen patients with recently acquired (= nonchronic) dermatophytosis were studied clinically and immunologically before, during and after treatment for 6 months. "
3.	Duration of Therapy 05/01/2020 - "Due to their high incidence and long treatment duration, dermatophytoses represented the bulk of the burden, accounting for 92.2% of the total DALYs of superficial mycoses. " 05/01/1998 - "For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. " 09/01/1990 - "Therapy duration was as follows: tinea corporis and tinea cruris, 14 days; tinea pedis and tinea manuum, 28 days; tinea unguium of hands, three months, and feet, six months; tinea capitis, 30 days. " 07/21/2023 - "The need for more consultations, investigations (relating to atypical presentation) and extended duration of treatment with higher-grade antifungals were found to contribute to the increased financial burden in steroid-modified dermatophytosis." 09/14/2022 - "Effect of Different Itraconazole Dosing Regimens on Cure Rates, Treatment Duration, Safety, and Relapse Rates in Adult Patients With Tinea Corporis/Cruris: A Randomized Clinical Trial."
4.	Hair Removal (Depilation) 01/01/2020 - "Until 1960, hundreds of thousands of children worldwide had been treated for scalp ringworm by epilation via irradiation. " 01/10/1961 - "[Treatment of ringworm of the scalp by depilation with x-rays. " 03/01/1960 - "[Dosimetric research on temporary roentgen depilation for the treatment of tinea]." 01/01/1960 - "[Roentgen epilation of the scalp in the treatment of ringworm. " 01/01/1951 - "[Roentgen-depilation in ringworm; technical note]."
5.	Radiotherapy 01/01/2023 - "For this mixed-methods case study (quan/qual), we sampled 600 files of Israeli patients submitting claims to the National Center for Compensation of Scalp Ringworm Victims in the years 1995-2014, following damage from radiation treatments received between 1946 and 1960 in Israel and/or abroad. " 01/01/2023 - "This paper addresses the topic of manifestations of trust among patients damaged by radiation treatments for ringworm. " 01/01/2022 - "We hereby report two cases of patients who were treated with radiation therapy for ringworm in their childhood and developed BCC. " 10/01/2016 - ""The Ringworm Affair" focuses on the issue of radiation treatment for ringworm and the social perceptions surrounding the ethnic identity of the patients. " 03/01/2013 - "Depilatory radiotherapy was used in the sixties as a treatment for ringworm in Tunisia. "