Thyrotoxicosis

A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.

Also Known As:

Networked: 4157 relevant articles (181 outcomes, 233 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hyperthyroidism
2.	Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)
3.	Hypothyroidism
4.	Thyroiditis
5.	Goiter

Experts

1.	Bogazzi, Fausto: 26 articles (08/2022 - 01/2002)
2.	Martino, Enio: 23 articles (01/2020 - 01/2002)
3.	Bartalena, Luigi: 22 articles (10/2021 - 01/2002)
4.	Miyauchi, Akira: 16 articles (11/2021 - 04/2004)
5.	Amino, Nobuyuki: 14 articles (01/2017 - 07/2002)
6.	Cooper, David S: 11 articles (07/2019 - 10/2002)
7.	Tomisti, Luca: 10 articles (01/2020 - 02/2007)
8.	Fukata, Shuji: 9 articles (11/2021 - 04/2004)
9.	Ito, Mitsuru: 9 articles (11/2021 - 07/2004)
10.	Bartalena, L: 9 articles (11/2020 - 04/2001)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Thyrotoxicosis:

1.	Antithyroid Agents (Antithyroid Drugs)IBA 07/01/1975 - "From our study of 105 patients treated for thyrotoxicosis with antithyroid drugs, apparent remission of thyrotoxicosis by this mechanism might occur in up to 2 percent of patients." 09/01/2010 - "Antithyroid drugs (ATD) are used as a first line treatment in thyrotoxicosis. " 08/01/2004 - "The antithyroid drug regimen used to treat children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis varies from one unit to another and yet the potentially life threatening side effects and remission rates post-treatment may be related to the regimen used. " 03/01/1980 - "Remission rates of children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis treated with antithyroid drugs." 03/01/2023 - "Thyrotoxicosis was short-lived, without consequences, and treated with antithyroid drugs. "
2.	IodineIBA 04/01/1999 - "Radioactive iodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis in considered one of, if not the most, successful therapy in Nuclear Medicine. " 11/01/1976 - "Evidence is presented here from 23 cases that iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis may also occur in patients with no prior thyroid desorder and is characterized by: a) an almost undetectable 131I uptake, wich can be activated by TSH; b) a spontaneous improvement within a few weeks or months after withdrawing the high intake of iodine; c) the absence of any detectable thyroid abnormality after recovery." 01/01/2000 - "Our results indicate that improved iodine supplementation may be the main cause of seasonal variations in the incidence of thyrotoxicosis." 08/01/2009 - "To evaluate the efficacy of a fixed dose of radioactive iodine (131-I) in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, and to identify risk factors associated with treatment failure. " 05/01/2003 - "The efficacy of low-dose radioactive iodine without a thionamide in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis."
3.	Thyroid HormonesIBA 04/01/2022 - "Enhanced well-being associated with thyrotoxicosis is probably experienced in a minority of patients and may explain why some seek overtreatment with thyroid hormones and report significant improvement on larger than physiological thyroid hormone replacement regimens. " 01/01/2019 - "Two further subjects had improved free thyroid hormones by the end of the study (7/10 responders), whereas three subjects showed worsening thyrotoxicosis during the study. " 09/01/2013 - "Four months after the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, thyroid hormone levels had returned to normal, and native cardiac function had improved remarkably. " 01/01/1993 - "Fecal thyroid hormone measurement may help to provide formal proof of factitious thyrotoxicosis." 01/01/1976 - "However, it was accompanied by an accelerated clearance of the organism from an excess of thyroid hormones; due to this it could not serve as an adequate model of thyrotoxicosis in man."
4.	Amiodarone (Amiodarona)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2021 - "Amiodarone, which was initiated for MAT, unexpectedly ameliorated thyrotoxicosis, resulting in a euthyroid state and the patient's significantly improved condition and cardiac function. " 01/01/2005 - "Development of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis was accompanied with loss of antiarrhythmic efficacy of amiodarone in all cases. " 01/01/2004 - "Development of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis was accompanied with loss of antiarrhythmic efficacy of amiodarone in all cases. " 07/01/2012 - "Although thyroid scintigraphy remains a standard radiologic study, thyroid ultrasonography can be a practical alternative in many cases and the primary imaging modality in some situations such as during pregnancy and lactation and for evaluation and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis." 10/01/2010 - "The aim of this study is to describe three different cases of patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and discuss the clinical and laboratorial aspects, and the different approaches to them. "
5.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1980 - "Is propranolol alone really beneficial in neonatal thyrotoxicosis? " 01/01/1976 - "It has been suggested that propranolol hydrochloride alone is effective in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. " 04/01/1981 - "Increased clearance of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis." 05/12/1973 - "Remission of thyrotoxicosis during treatment with propranolol." 08/01/1972 - "[The effect of inderal on the heart of thyrotoxicosis patients (a clinico-roentgenologic study)]."
6.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/2020 - "First-line treatment of thyrotoxicosis in young people is thionamide anti-thyroid drug (ATD) in a blocking dose with levothyroxine replacement (block and replace, BR) or in a smaller dose tailored to render the patient euthyroid (dose titration, DT). " 07/01/1952 - "The effect of exogenous thyroxine on radioiodine uptake in normal subjects and in cases of thyrotoxicosis in remission." 11/01/2007 - "In this study, thyrotoxicosis was produced in rats by 14 days of daily thyroxine injection. " 03/01/2005 - "At study entry, all patients had subclinical thyrotoxicosis as effect of L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment. " 03/01/2023 - "In one patient, thyrotoxicosis was confirmed by increased free T4 and low TSH concentrations while others had normal TSH levels, during chronic levothyroxine treatment in three patients. "
7.	AntibodiesIBA 04/01/2004 - "Neonatal thyrotoxicosis disappears with clearance of the maternal antibodies; clinical signs usually disappear during the first four Months of life. " 02/01/2022 - "Due to possibility of false seropositivity of celiac antibodies in patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis, one should defer testing for CD until euthyroidism has been achieved." 11/01/2019 - "Serum labs showed thyrotoxicosis and elevated thyroid antibodies and inflammatory markers. " 01/01/2017 - "No thyroid antibodies were detected, and the thyrotoxicosis was successfully treated for 3 months with no relapse after 5 years of follow-up. " 06/01/2014 - "Differentiation of postpartum Graves' thyrotoxicosis from postpartum destructive thyrotoxicosis using antithyrotropin receptor antibodies and thyroid blood flow."
8.	Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)FDA Link 03/14/2023 - "He had consciousness disturbance, thyrotoxicosis and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression. " 01/01/2023 - "Thyrotoxicosis was only associated with the baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.94; P = 0.025). " 02/27/2021 - "Initial investigations revealed thyrotoxicosis with a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of < 0.01 (0.38-5.33) mIU/L, free T4 of 66.9 (7-16) pmol/.L. " 01/01/2021 - "Within 1 week after RFA, the incidence of thyroid dysfunction was as high as 36.00% unexpectedly, and only overt thyrotoxicosis and subclinical thyrotoxicosis occurred, which were significantly associated with the low-normal baseline thyrotropin (TSH) level (p = 0.001) and high ablation volume ratio (p = 0.008). " 07/01/2019 - "Thyroid stimulating hormone was the preferred (94%) biochemical test to confirm thyrotoxicosis etiology. "
9.	PropylthiouracilFDA Link 01/01/1979 - "The fetal thyrotoxicosis responded well to propylthiouracil given to the mother. " 11/01/1981 - "Preliminary dose-response studies with propylthiouracil suggest a peak therapeutic serum concentration of above 4 micrograms/ml in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. " 03/01/1978 - "The present study suggests that with careful attention, pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis can be treated with propylthiouracil without interfering with subsequent intellectual development in the offspring." 11/01/2014 - "When the patient presented in our clinic, he had thyrotoxicosis and was using propylthiouracil. " 11/01/2010 - "The patient developed thyrotoxicosis 3 months after commencing treatment, which required treatment with propylthiouracil. "
10.	Thyrotropin Receptors (Thyrotropin Receptor)IBA 04/01/2017 - "Abnormal thyroid function studies and an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody level confirmed the diagnosis of Graves thyrotoxicosis. " 01/01/2019 - "Gestational thyrotoxicosis is due to homology of the structure of TSH and HCG, which weakly stimulates the TSH receptor. " 01/01/2016 - "Severe and lasting gestational thyrotoxicosis with normal hCG concentration should lead to sequencing of the TSH receptor gene." 01/01/2016 - "Prolonged and Severe Gestational Thyrotoxicosis Due to Enhanced hCG Sensitivity of a Mutant Thyrotropin Receptor." 04/15/2009 - "[Non-immune thyrotoxicosis caused by thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activating gene mutation (the first description in Russia)]."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 10/01/1998 - "Increased 'toxicity' of thyrotoxicosis, goitre and smoking are associated with relapse of thyrotoxicosis, and this may be helpful in determining which patients may be better managed with early ablative therapy." 12/01/2011 - "RI therapy is a safe and effective means of controlling thyrotoxicosis in AFTN patients. " 11/01/1988 - "of therapy, its normalization at the subsequent stage of therapy and the reduction in the patients with remission of thyrotoxicosis were established. " 01/01/1976 - "The authors established that in the acute state of thyrotoxicosis the latter is reduced to low normal or subnormal values (an average of 2.94 +/- 0.70 ng/ml) and after thyrostatic therapy leading to remission--is about the average norm (4.65 +/- 1.10 ng/ml) and does not differ much from that in healthy subjects (4.75 +/- 0.92 ng/ml). " 08/01/2016 - "Aggressive medical therapy should be considered first-line treatment for moyamoya vasculopathy with Graves thyrotoxicosis, with neurosurgical rescue reserved for medically refractory cases."
2.	Thyroidectomy 08/01/2003 - "She was treated successfully with propylthiouracile until 1991, when a new episode of thyrotoxicosis led to a subtotal thyroidectomy. " 01/01/2015 - "The patient later underwent therapeutic thyroidectomy, after which all features of thyrotoxicosis had improved. " 06/01/1978 - "Subtotal thyroidectomy has a low morbidity and is effective treatment for thyrotoxicosis in adolescence and childhood." 03/01/2008 - "Second trimester subtotal thyroidectomy was safe and effective in treating this pregnant patient's thyrotoxicosis." 04/01/2006 - "* Total thyroidectomy should be offered equally, with radioiodine and thionamide treatment, as a first line treatment modality in the management of thyrotoxicosis."
3.	Plasmapheresis 04/01/1991 - "The authors studied the efficacy of plasmapheresis in preoperative management of patients with thyrotoxicosis in intolerance of and resistance to thyrostatic agents. " 10/01/2021 - "Therapeutic plasmapheresis for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis: A retrospective multi-center study." 10/01/2021 - "We present a retrospective study of the experience in treating thyrotoxicosis with plasmapheresis between 2012 and 2020 in two specialized centers in Colombia. " 10/01/2021 - "Since the first report in 1970, plasmapheresis is a second-line treatment for severe or otherwise untreatable thyrotoxicosis when rapid euthyroidism is desired. " 12/14/2020 - "Usefulness of plasmapheresis in patients with severe complicated thyrotoxicosis."
4.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 10/01/1992 - "We report a case of secondary hypokalemic PP due to thyrotoxicosis in which the decrease in the CMAP amplitude after exercise dramatically improved after treatment, when a euthyroid state was achieved. " 11/13/2012 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate sclerostin concentrations in patients before and after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. " 10/01/1963 - "HAEMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN THYROTOXICOSIS: BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT." 09/01/1963 - "[STUDY OF THYROID FUNCTION BY I-132 AFTER TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS WITH I-131]." 01/01/2020 - "Patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis completed retrospective Thyroid-related Patient-Reported Outcome measures (ThyPROs) with 4-week and 1-week recall, respectively, and three daily EMAs for 4 weeks at time of inclusion and again after treatment (N = 115). "
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 09/01/2001 - "Clinically, the thyrotoxicosis had spontaneously improved, followed by a hypothyroid state with shrinkage of the thyroid gland after chemotherapy. " 09/01/1978 - "In examination of patients with thyrotoxicosis, aged from 14 to 24 years, there was revealed a reduction of the activity of the mediatory link of the sympathico-adrenal ssystem without any connection with age, the severity and duration of the disease, and also with the efficacy of drug therapy. " 06/01/1976 - " There was biochemical evidence of improvement in thyrotoxicosis after chemotherapy. " 03/23/2021 - "Gender, concurrent treatment with chemotherapy, and PFS were not associated with thyroid dysfunction in patients receiving ICIs; however, Black race was a risk factor for thyrotoxicosis. " 06/01/2015 - "These findings from a large, population-based cohort provide generalizable estimates of maternal and infant risks associated with maternal thyrotoxicosis and related pharmacotherapy."