Thyroiditis

Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.

Also Known As:

Networked: 3776 relevant articles (92 outcomes, 388 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Graves Disease (Basedow Disease)
2.	Hyperthyroidism
3.	Hypothyroidism
4.	Thyrotoxicosis
5.	Rheumatoid Arthritis

Experts

1.	Krysiak, Robert: 22 articles (11/2022 - 07/2011)
2.	Okopień, Bogusław: 20 articles (11/2022 - 04/2012)
3.	Miyauchi, Akira: 19 articles (02/2020 - 04/2004)
4.	Tomer, Yaron: 18 articles (10/2021 - 06/2003)
5.	Benvenga, Salvatore: 16 articles (01/2022 - 08/2002)
6.	Shan, Zhongyan: 16 articles (01/2022 - 03/2009)
7.	Teng, Weiping: 16 articles (01/2022 - 03/2009)
8.	Caturegli, Patrizio: 15 articles (12/2021 - 02/2003)
9.	Nishihara, Eijun: 15 articles (01/2021 - 01/2006)
10.	Rose, Noel R: 14 articles (05/2012 - 02/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Thyroiditis:

1.	AntibodiesIBA 11/01/2023 - "Se supplementation can reduce levels of autoimmune thyroid antibodies, which may be beneficial in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). " 01/01/1994 - "False positive results obtained in 4 hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (serum TSH concentrations, 11-171 mU/L) could be prevented using anti-TSH antibodies. " 01/01/2018 - "The results of the current study suggest that Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with high titers of anti-thyroid antibodies are likely to exhibit intense diffuse FDG uptake in the thyroid, and that thyroid function may be clearly impaired, even in the presence of mild FDG uptake in the thyroid." 04/01/2017 - "There are a limited number of studies evaluating the prevalence of celiac-related antibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 01/01/2017 - "Nevertheless, using thyroiditis-prone NOD.H2h4 mice and two transgenic lines, our data support the association from human studies that low intrathymic TSHR expression is associated with susceptibility to developing pathogenic TSHR antibodies, while high intrathymic TSHR expression is protective."
2.	Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2000 - "In a novel departure, the NMR outbred strain has been treated by genetic immunisation with very promising results, including the induction of increased thyroxine levels in 4/30 female mice, accompanied by TSAB in addition to thyroiditis, and with signs of hyperactivity and orbital pathology. " 10/01/2010 - "Although it is known that Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children and adolescents can go into long-term remission, and that treatment with thyroxine (T4) may not be necessary, it is difficult to quantify changes in the degree of autoimmune destruction of the thyroid. " 03/26/2023 - "The study aims to identify the oral microbiota from saliva samples taken from treated (with levothyroxine) and untreated female euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients as well as healthy controls who were age- and sex-matched to compare the oral microbiota across the groups and to contribute preliminary data to the literature. " 03/02/2023 - "The aim of our study was to show the potential differences in metabolic parameters assessed by medical Body Composition Analyzer before the initiation of treatment with L-thyroxine and after 3 and 6 months of treatment in females who practiced triathlon and who were newly diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 02/01/2020 - "This study included 35 levothyroxine-naïve men with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. "
3.	IodineIBA 01/01/2022 - "This case suggests that AIT is preceded by a very high intrathyroid iodine accumulation before the 'burst' of thyroiditis occurs and that measurements of thyroid gland radiological density might predict the development and remission of AIT." 07/01/2010 - "These observations may help to delineate the mechanisms by which iodine exacerbates thyroiditis and to explain differences in the host response of genetically susceptible individuals compared to those who are resistant to disease." 06/01/2020 - "Patients underwent the traditional work-up for a thyroiditis, but frequently underwent other radiographic studies, in addition to radioactive iodine imaging, and frequently also underwent thyroid biopsy. " 01/01/2018 - "In this study, we found that Th17 cells were significantly increased with a high expression of miR-326 in an iodine-induced thyroiditis NOD.H-2h4 mouse model. " 03/01/2017 - "The present study was aimed to quantify the two-hour and 24-h RAIU values in iodine sufficient euthyroid individuals and validate the results in Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. "
4.	Iodide Peroxidase (Deiodinase)IBA 09/01/2020 - "Thyroid peroxidase antibody testing yielded positive results, and the initial clinical diagnosis was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 01/01/2023 - "Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) is a main cause of auto-immune thyroiditis, and therefore euthyroid individuals positive for TPO-Ab might have latent damage to the thyroid gland. " 02/25/2019 - "Conclusions Fluctuating thyroid function tests in addition to thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab) positivity complicated the diagnosis of RTH, initially diagnosed as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 01/01/2018 - "Correlation between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels and diffuse thyroid uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a retrospective study." 11/01/2016 - "It is caused by destructive thyroiditis, impaired transport of T4 into the cell and deiodinase induction. "
5.	SeleniumIBA 03/01/2014 - "In conclusion, the results of these four studies, assessed at unclear to high risk of bias, show that evidence to support or refute the efficacy of selenium supplementation in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is incomplete and not reliable to help inform clinical decision making. " 06/06/2013 - "The current level of evidence for the efficacy of selenium supplementation in the management of people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is based on four randomised controlled trials assessed at unclear to high risk of bias; this does not at present allow confident decision making about the use of selenium supplementation for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 02/01/2013 - "Selenium administration seems to be beneficial for reducing the incidence of thyroiditis. " 06/06/2013 - "Results of these four studies show that evidence to support or refute the efficacy of selenium supplementation in people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is incomplete. " 01/01/2017 - "The real efficacy of selenium supplementation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is still an unresolved issue. "
6.	Antithyroid Agents (Antithyroid Drugs)IBA 01/01/2007 - "Patients with thyroiditis or long history of antithyroid drugs for more than one year were excluded from the study. " 09/06/1951 - "Treatment of acute thyroiditis with antithyroid drugs." 01/01/2000 - "Medipan Diagnostica GmbH, Selchow, Germany): 60 pts suffering from GD showing a relapse after antithyroid drug treatment and before radioiodine therapy, 109 pts with disseminated autonomia (DA) and 38 pts suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 01/01/1988 - "The possible immunosuppressive action of antithyroid drugs in vivo has been assessed using Buffalo (Buf) strain rats with thyroiditis produced by neonatal thymectomy; this model shares many features with spontaneous thyroiditis in man. " 09/12/1992 - "Antithyroid drugs, concentrated within thyroid cells, will prevent the release of these inflammatory molecules, which may in turn explain the amelioration of thyroiditis and remission of Graves' disease after such treatment."
7.	ThyroglobulinFDA Link 12/01/1984 - "In our studies of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, peripheral lymphocytes of patients produced a significantly greater number of plaques than lymphocytes from normal subjects on challenging with thyroglobulin. " 07/01/1985 - "The induction of tolerance to thyroglobulin significantly reduces the severity of thyroiditis in obese strain chickens." 11/01/1990 - "As we were unable to demonstrate proliferation by blood T cells + LDC from all thyroglobulin antibody-positive patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, our studies suggest that the presence of sufficient precursor T cells, as well as the number and type of antigen-presenting cells, are critical for T cell proliferative responses to human TPO and thyroglobulin." 04/01/1987 - "In serial studies of immunopathologic changes in an animal model of thyroiditis 52 rabbits were immunized with either bovine, porcine or human thyroglobulin (Tg) in Freund's complete adjuvant, while another 47 animals served as noninjected or adjuvant injected controls. " 09/01/1983 - "These studies revealed an abnormal elevation in serum thyroglobulin (Tg) concentrations of the thyroiditis-prone OS chicks. "
8.	Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)FDA Link 04/01/2023 - "Biochemically, it is characterized by an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with or without a low FT4/FT3, and sonographically with a pattern of thyroiditis. " 01/01/2023 - "This finding was confirmed by a statistically significant increase in the median value of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) between the pre-ICI treatment and subsequent phases and, for the first time, by a reduction in the median value of the thyroid volume estimated by neck ultrasound, a sign of destructive thyroiditis. " 11/01/2021 - "None of these 11 patients had isolated low thyroid-stimulating hormone levels suggestive of thyroiditis at initial admission or the time of ultrasonography. " 01/01/2021 - "Demographic data, body mass index, size of removed and remnant lobe, preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, final thyroid pathology, and presence of thyroiditis were collected and analyzed. " 01/01/2020 - "Median time to abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone was 38 days and followed a pattern of thyroiditis. "
9.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 05/01/2000 - "Corticosteroid treatment in Riedel's thyroiditis, as multifocal disease has been successfully used. " 04/12/1993 - "The favorable response of AIT to corticosteroids in occasional patients previously reported also suggests that acute thyroiditis was probably present." 08/01/1988 - "The treatment includes thyroid drugs used by a special scheme with addition of corticosteroids in autoimmune forms of thyroiditis." 05/01/1974 - "[Treatment of thyroiditides using corticoids. " 09/04/2018 - "He had been on corticosteroid therapy for 10 days for suspected immune-related thyroiditis. "
10.	AutoantibodiesIBA 01/27/2023 - "In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum Cys-C levels and thyroid autoantibodies in children and adolescents diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. " 01/01/2016 - "This study investigated the effect of γδ T cells on autoantibody production in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). " 12/01/2015 - "We have aimed to study the relation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid autoantibodies and oxidative stress parameters in euthyroid, subclinical and overt hypothyroid stages. " 08/01/1989 - "As the CD5 molecule may be induced on activated B lymphocytes, this study suggests that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with an increase of activated B lymphocytes engaged in autoantibody synthesis. " 07/28/2023 - "Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against the thyroid gland. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 08/01/2022 - "We describe for the first time a toxic nodule cured by ICI therapy inducing destructive thyroiditis. " 12/21/2022 - "LT4 dose to achieve euthyroidism was higher in patients with a history of radioiodine therapy (1.92 μg/kg) and thyroid surgery (1.52 μg/kg), while the LT4 dose required to achieve euthyroidism in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and atrophic thyroiditis was lower than that reported in previous studies (1.25 and 1.08 μg/kg, respectively). " 12/01/2017 - "Our study demonstrates that most thyroid disorders induced by either anti-PD-1 or combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy are thyroiditis. " 09/01/2012 - "At the end of the IFN-αbased therapy, 68 patients (11.5%) in the study had developed TD, 58 patients (85.3%) presented with subclinical TD, and only 10 patients (14.7%) developed overt thyroiditis. " 01/01/2009 - "The aim of this study is to investigate epidemiology and natural history of thyroid autoimmunity (AIT), thyroiditis diagnosis and need for therapy in paediatric patients with T1DM and to find the most suitable timing of AIT screening. "
2.	Thyroidectomy 10/01/2022 - "Correction to: Role of Total Thyroidectomy in Painful (Symptomatic) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Descriptive Study." 09/01/2021 - "Role of Total Thyroidectomy in Painful (Symptomatic) Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Descriptive Study." 09/21/2020 - "This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) procedure in patients with thyroiditis. " 09/01/2011 - "In this study, patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and significant symptoms were evaluated for improvement or resolution of preoperative symptoms after thyroidectomy. " 06/01/1998 - "The objective of the present investigation was to study quantitatively C cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) by analyzing 22 thyroids obtained at autopsy or thyroidectomy from 16 patients with thyroiditis and from 6 normal subjects. "
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 11/17/2023 - "After treatment, the total treatment effectiveness of GLM in the OG was 94%, which was significantly higher than 80% in the CG1 and 78% in the CG2 (P = .037, .021), while the total treatment effectiveness of thyroiditis in the OG was 92%, which was significantly higher than 76% in the CG1 and 74% in the CG2 (P = .029, 0.017). " 04/01/2004 - "We have evaluated both assays (TRAb and pCTTRAb) in 300 individuals: healthy controls (n = 51); patients with GD before and after treatment (n = 200), patients with MNG (n = 29), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis [HT; n = 20]). " 01/01/1975 - "The susceptibility to the effect of MC was not expressed in most F-1 hybrids of BUF and Lewis (LEW), a strain of rat that does not develop thyroiditis after treatment with MC." 11/01/1994 - "Interestingly, the TGPO aAb level significantly decreased in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis after hormonal therapy (P < 0.05), some of them shifting from TGPO aAb positive before treatment to negative after treatment. " 07/01/1991 - "To investigate the immune regulating effect of moxibustion on the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 35 patients were treated by moxibustion and the changes of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in the peripheral blood of the patients and their relationship with thyroid microsomal antibody (MCA) before and after treatment were observed. "
4.	Gluten-Free Diet 07/01/2019 - "The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Thyroid Autoimmunity in Drug-Naïve Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Pilot Study." 12/29/2021 - "There is a growing interest in a gluten-free diet (GFD) in the management of various autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). " 11/01/2022 - "The aim of the present study was to assess whether the gluten-free diet determines the effect of vitamin D treatment on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in young women with autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. " 11/01/2022 - "The obtained results suggest that gluten-free diet may impair beneficial effects of exogenous vitamin D in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis." 06/01/2003 - "We reported a female patient with unrecognized celiac disease and multiple extra intestinal manifestations, mainly related to a deranged immune function, including macroamilasemia, macrolipasemia, IgA nephropathy, thyroiditis, and anti-b2-glicoprotein-1 antibodies, that disappeared or improved after the implementation of a gluten-free diet."
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy) 10/01/1981 - "Tuberculous thyroiditis cured by drug therapy." 10/01/2017 - "Painless thyroiditis very rarely occurs during chemotherapy. " 01/01/2005 - "There is no evidence that chemotherapy can influence the thyroid function, but radiotherapy can cause thyroiditis with later hypofunction. " 07/01/1987 - "Acute thyroiditis as a complication of chemotherapy administration through a Hickman catheter." 02/08/2020 - "Thyroid BL is not associated with underlying Epstein-Barr virus infection but is closely linked to Hashimoto's thyroiditis; patients generally have good overall survival and respond well to intensive chemotherapy. "