Thorium Dioxide (Thorotrast)

Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.

Also Known As:

Networked: 552 relevant articles (2 outcomes, 37 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Fukumoto, Manabu: 7 articles (06/2014 - 07/2002)
2.	Li, Li: 4 articles (01/2008 - 07/2002)
3.	Kuwahara, Yoshikazu: 3 articles (02/2010 - 01/2008)
4.	Liu, Duo: 3 articles (02/2004 - 07/2002)
5.	Nyberg, Ullakarin: 3 articles (12/2003 - 04/2002)
6.	Usuda, Nobuteru: 2 articles (02/2010 - 04/2009)
7.	Yamamoto, Yoichiro: 2 articles (02/2010 - 04/2009)
8.	Holm, Lars-Erik: 2 articles (12/2003 - 04/2002)
9.	Travis, Lois B: 2 articles (12/2003 - 04/2002)
10.	Hall, Per: 2 articles (12/2003 - 04/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Burns 05/30/2012 - "Thorium dioxide (ThO(2)) is of great interest to energy research as thorium-based nuclear fuel offers the promise of increased proliferation resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn-up and improved wasteform characteristics in the generation of nuclear power. "
2.	Agranulocytosis (Granulocytopenia) 06/01/1961 - "The production of severe granulocytopenia did not impair the clearance of staphylococci from the blood stream and did not enhance the impairment of clearance produced by thorotrast reticuloendothelial "blockade." Neither severe granulocytopenia nor thorotrast blockade alone produced consistent impairment in the removal of circulating E. "
3.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 10/01/2009 - "We reviewed ionizing-radiation evidence from epidemiology studies of (1) patients exposed to the diagnostic X-ray contrast medium "Thorotrast," (2) patients undergoing radiation therapy (i.e., to treat cancer), and (3) atomic energy workers chronically exposed to lower levels of radiation. " 01/01/2001 - "Mutation analyses of p53 genes and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies at 17p locus were performed to characterize the genetic changes in Thorotrast-induced liver tumors. " 12/01/1999 - "Updated data from two series in a cancer mortality study for a total of 412 Japanese Thorotrast patients were combined. " 12/01/1999 - "Histological studies of these autopsied cases revealed that Thorotrast-induced liver malignancies showed remarkable differences in the proportions of histological types of tumors from those of non-Thorotrast liver malignancies since 1975. " 07/01/1992 - "Compared to earlier animal studies dealing with Thorotrast, the same histological types of benign and malignant liver tumors were found."
4.	Liver Neoplasms (Liver Cancer) 08/01/1999 - "[Thorotrast-induced liver cancer: results of the German thorotrast study]." 10/01/1988 - "Animal studies indicate that the liver cancer risk from Thorotrast is mainly from its radioactivity and that the risk coefficient for the Thorotrast patients can be used provisionally for other alpha emitters in the human liver. " 08/01/1969 - "[Radiologic study of the liver with thorotrast deposit--cases of thorotrast liver cancer]." 06/01/2014 - "The radiological contrast medium Thorotrast is known to induce hepatic cancers decades after injection. " 01/01/2008 - "In order to elucidate radiation-induced liver cancers including Thorotrast, we present a new approach to investigate in vivo effects of internal exposure to alpha-particles. "
5.	Hemangiosarcoma (Angiosarcoma) 07/01/2009 - "A unique case of a primary intracerebral well-differentiated angiosarcoma in a 68-year-old man with a history of colocalized exposure to Thorotrast is described. " 07/01/2009 - "Thorotrast-induced primary cerebral angiosarcoma: case report." 01/01/2007 - "[Case 2. Diffuse hepatic angiosarcoma secondary to thorotrast deposit]." 01/01/1997 - "Sporadic and Thorotrast-induced angiosarcomas of the liver manifest frequent and multiple point mutations in K-ras-2." 05/01/1996 - "The morphologic features of the hemangiosarcomas and associated hepatic lesions were similar to those described for hemangiosarcomas induced in people exposed to Thorotrast. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Thorium
2.	Thorium Dioxide (Thorotrast)
3.	Vinyl Chloride (Chloroethylene)
4.	Arsenic
5.	Radon
6.	Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
7.	T-Cell Antigen Receptors (T-Cell Receptor)
8.	Plutonium
9.	Phenobarbital (Luminal)
10.	Glycophorin (Glycophorin C)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Injections
2.	Intravenous Injections
3.	Radiotherapy
4.	Intradermal Injections
5.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)