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Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase

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A FLAVOPROTEIN enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of THIOREDOXINS to thioredoxin disulfide in the presence of NADP+. It was formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.5

Also Known As:

NADP-Thioredoxin Reductase; NADPH-Thioredoxin Reductase; Thioredoxin Reductase; NADP Thioredoxin Reductase; NADPH Thioredoxin Reductase; Reductase, NADP-Thioredoxin; Reductase, NADPH-Thioredoxin; Reductase, Thioredoxin; Reductase, Thioredoxin-Disulfide; Thioredoxin Disulfide Reductase; Thioredoxin Reductase (NADPH)

Networked: 257 relevant articles (7 outcomes, 20 trials/studies)

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Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Holmgren, Arne: 8 articles (08/2015 - 05/2003)
2.	Zhang, Jinsong: 7 articles (12/2012 - 01/2007)
3.	Li, Jing: 6 articles (09/2011 - 01/2008)
4.	Tan, Qiang: 6 articles (09/2011 - 01/2008)
5.	Becker, Katja: 5 articles (06/2013 - 01/2002)
6.	Arnér, Elias S J: 5 articles (11/2012 - 03/2006)
7.	Zeng, Huihui: 5 articles (06/2012 - 05/2006)
8.	Conrad, Marcus: 4 articles (04/2015 - 01/2008)
9.	Rigobello, Maria Pia: 4 articles (12/2012 - 03/2007)
10.	Bindoli, Alberto: 4 articles (12/2012 - 03/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Parkinson Disease (Parkinson's Disease) 12/15/2013 - "Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the number of thioredoxin reductase 1-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of Parkinson's disease mice was significantly decreased compared with normal mice. " 12/15/2013 - "Real-time reverse transcription-PCR, western blot analysis and colorimetric assay showed that the levels of thioredoxin reductase 1 mRNA and protein were decreased, along with a significant reduction in thioredoxin reductase activity, in the midbrain of Parkinson's disease mice compared with normal mice. " 04/01/2010 - "Pre-treatment of cortical neurons with SFN (0.01-1 microM) resulted in protection against 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine-induced neurotoxicity, which peaked at 100 nM. This protection was observed to be mediated by the ability of SFN to modulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 and the activation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/NF-E2-related factor-2 leading to the increased expression and activity of glutathione-S-transferase (M1, M3 and M5), glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase and NAD(P)H oxidoreductase 1. These data suggest that SFN stimulates the NF-E2-related factor-2 pathway of antioxidant gene expression in neurons and may protect against neuronal injury relevant to the aetiology of Parkinson's disease."
2.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 08/01/2001 - "This study focuses on the presence of and subcellular localisation of thioredoxin reductase in a tumor model where neoplastic lesions are selected by their resistance to the toxic effects of the promotor. " 06/25/2015 - "The enzyme thioredoxin reductase is overexpressed in cancer cells, and complexes reported herein have the advantage of inhibiting this enzyme, with IC50 values measured in the nanomolar range. " 01/01/2015 - "To counteract the adverse effects of mitochondrial peroxide many solid tumor types up-regulate the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase 2--thioredoxin 2 (TRX2)--peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3) antioxidant network. " 10/09/2014 - "Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which is overexpressed in many aggressive cancers, plays a crucial role in redox balance and antioxidant function, including defense of oxidative stress, control of cell proliferation, and regulation of cell apoptosis. " 09/12/2014 - "Selenadiazole derivatives as potent thioredoxin reductase inhibitors that enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells."
3.	Anoxia (Hypoxia) 09/01/2008 - "Thioredoxin reductase (Trx) has been implicated in activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, which is overexpressed in > 85% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). " 01/01/2012 - "Thus, it has been demonstrated that HIF prolyl hydroxylases are unlikely to be physiological targets of ROS and that the increase in ROS that is associated with downregulation of Thioredoxin Reductase in hypoxia does not affect HIF-1α stabilization. " 01/31/2005 - "NCI COMPARE analysis indicates possible interaction with thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase, which is upregulated under hypoxia. " 10/01/2003 - "Since both Prx I and II use thioredoxin (Trx) as an electron donor and Trx is a substrate for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), we investigated the regulation of Trx and TrxR as well as Prx expression following hypoxia. " 11/01/1996 - "Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase gene expression in human tumors and cell lines, and the effects of serum stimulation and hypoxia."
4.	Ischemia 01/01/2004 - "Selenium supplementation increased the endogenous activity of thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase and resulted in improved recovery of cardiac function post ischemia reperfusion (57% recovery of RPP). " 01/01/2012 - "In an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model we evaluated gene expression of mitochondrial and cytoplasmatic superoxide dismutase (MnSod, Cu-ZnSod) and thioredoxin reductase (trxr1) upon short (4 h) and long (72 h) reperfusion times in the right ventricle (RV), and in the ischemic/reperfused (IRR) and the remote region (RR) of the left ventricle. " 02/01/2005 - "Selenium deficiency down-regulates thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity, impairing recovery from ischemia-reperfusion. " 01/01/2004 - "Effects of dietary selenium on glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activity and recovery from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion." 06/10/2005 - "During the process of ischemia-reperfusion, the thioredoxin (Trx) system (consisting of thioredoxin reductase (TR), Trx and NADPH) prevents susceptible proteins from this oxidative modification. "
5.	Reperfusion Injury 05/01/2007 - "Ischemia-reperfusion injury can also be enhanced when thioredoxin reductase was inhibited in control hearts. " 12/20/2011 - "Here, we investigated whether mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase is protective against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. " 01/01/2007 - "This review summarises the role of myocardial antioxidant enzymes in ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and the thioredoxin reductase (TxnRed) systems. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Selenium
2.	Glutathione Peroxidase
3.	Glutathione Reductase (Glutathione-Disulfide Reductase)
4.	Aryldialkylphosphatase (Paraoxonase)
5.	Lipids
6.	Ifosfamide
7.	Messenger RNA (mRNA)
8.	Thioredoxin Reductase 1
9.	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
10.	NAD (NADH)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)
2.	Radiotherapy
3.	Chemoprevention
4.	Segmental Mastectomy (Lumpectomy)
5.	Lenses