Thiamine Deficiency

A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)

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Networked: 754 relevant articles (21 outcomes, 62 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure
2.	Acidosis
3.	Ataxia (Dyssynergia)
4.	Neurologic Manifestations (Neurological Manifestations)
5.	Memory Disorders (Memory Loss)

Experts

1.	Savage, Lisa M: 16 articles (11/2015 - 07/2003)
2.	Butterworth, Roger F: 9 articles (12/2010 - 07/2004)
3.	Bâ, Abdoulaye: 7 articles (03/2013 - 01/2005)
4.	Koike, Haruki: 6 articles (03/2015 - 07/2003)
5.	Sobue, Gen: 6 articles (03/2015 - 07/2003)
6.	Pala, Maria Immacolata: 6 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
7.	Costantini, Antonio: 6 articles (09/2014 - 01/2013)
8.	Hazell, Alan S: 6 articles (06/2014 - 08/2003)
9.	Vetreno, Ryan P: 6 articles (11/2011 - 07/2008)
10.	Iijima, Masahiro: 5 articles (03/2015 - 07/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Thiamine Deficiency:

1.	Thiamine (Aneurin)FDA Link 01/01/2013 - "Determination of thiamine status may be considered and corrected among patients with, or at high risk for, MetS, but the question whether thiamine deficiency correction translates to improved cardiometabolic status needs further longitudinal investigation." 05/01/1997 - "Thiamine deficiency appears to play a key role in its aetiology, and parenteral high-dose thiamine is effective in prophylaxis and treatment. " 12/01/1983 - "The rapid improvement in the clinical manifestations of thiamine deficiency with thiamine supplementation is well known. " 03/01/1977 - "An associated thiamine deficiency was evidenced by decreased thiamine levels in the blood of one dog and in the food of another, and rapid remission of clinical signs in a dog given thiamine hydrochloride. " 07/01/2011 - "Evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that metabolism and clearance of thiamine is disturbed in diabetes leading to tissue-specific thiamine deficiency in the kidney and other sites of development of vascular complications. "
2.	TransketolaseIBA 08/23/1979 - "Thus, thiamine deficiency, established as a significant reduction of red blood cell transketolase activity, seems to have a deleterious effect on the peripheral nerves and muscles. " 02/01/2015 - "Erythrocyte transketolase testing has shown that thiamine deficiency is widespread. " 01/01/2014 - "Downregulation of transketolase activity is related to inhibition of hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation induced by thiamine deficiency." 01/01/2011 - "Blood samples taken from 16 cases prior to treatment showed increased levels of erythrocyte transketolase activation coefficient, consistent with thiamine deficiency. " 10/01/2010 - "Confirming thiamine deficiency is problematic and relies on demonstrating reduced red blood cells transketolase activity, or indirect methods including urinary organic acid analysis and dietary analysis. "
3.	Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)IBA 07/01/2005 - "This is a factorial (2 x 2 x 2) spatial memory and cholinergic parameters study in which the factors are chronic ethanol, thiamine deficiency and naivety in Morris water maze task. " 05/01/2000 - "The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that ethanol and thiamine deficiency act synergistically, producing more severe clinical neurological disturbances and cognitive and memory impairments than either thiamine deficiency or chronic ethanol alone. " 05/01/1997 - "The present study examined the distribution of degenerating axons within cortical and subcortical tracts 1 week after recovery from early to late symptomatic stages of thiamine deficiency in the absence of ethanol in Sprague-Dawley rats. " 02/11/1991 - "This study was aimed to compare the effects of either a thiamine deficiency or a chronic ethanol consumption on memory and on neuronal density within the median mammillary nucleus. " 02/11/1991 - "Differential effects of chronic ethanol consumptions or thiamine deficiency on spatial working memory in Balb/c mice: a behavioral and neuroanatomical study."
4.	Pyruvic Acid (Pyruvate)IBA 12/01/2010 - "Several pathologic conditions are known to cause thiamine deficiency, which induce energy shortages in all tissues, due to impairment of pyruvate decarboxylation. " 01/01/1992 - "WE is set in connection with pyruvate accumulation at capillary level, likely bound to the Thiamine deficiency and to the lack of energy thus induced. " 09/01/1984 - "The reasons for all these changes under thiamine deficiency is most likely a metabolic one primarily due to a disturbance of the utilization of pyruvate in the liver. " 01/01/1977 - "When symptoms of thiamine deficiency appeared, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with [2-14C] pyruvate six to twelve minutes prior to sacrifice. " 06/01/1957 - "Pyruvate accumulation and development of thiamine deficiency in cultures of Proteus vulgaris."
5.	Histamine (Histamine Dihydrochloride)FDA Link 09/01/2002 - "Depletion of brain histamine produces regionally selective protection against thiamine deficiency-induced lesions in the rat." 07/01/1988 - "In the case of the hypothalamus, thiamine deficiency produced a significant increase in histamine levels. " 07/01/1988 - "Regional changes in brain histamine levels following dietary-induced thiamine deficiency in rats." 01/01/1984 - "Intracerebroventricular histamine suppressed the muricide induced by thiamine deficiency in a dose-dependent manner. " 03/10/2000 - "These observations suggest that the release of histamine from nerve terminals and histamine and other vasoactive substances from granulocytes may be responsible for thiamine deficiency-induced vascular breakdown and perivascular edema within thalamus."
6.	CarbohydratesIBA 12/01/2003 - "Glyoxals are reactive alpha-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. " 01/01/1987 - "[Characteristics of intracellular metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids in animals with thiamine deficiency]." 05/01/2008 - "This result indicates that thiamine administration to sheep suffering from acute ruminal acidosis caused by overconsumption of readily fermentable carbohydrates could be beneficial in alleviating thiamine deficiency caused by ruminal acidosis." 04/01/1983 - "It is recommended to initiate a high-dosage level thiamine therapy before parenteral feeding with carbohydrates, if thiamine deficiency appears possible on the grounds of previous history of the case (alcohol abuse) or because of the underlying disease (e.g. " 03/01/1954 - "[Effect of the relationship between proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in food on the development of thiamine deficiency]."
7.	Adenosine Triphosphatases (ATPase)IBA 04/11/1996 - "Thalamic Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was selectively increased by 200% (P < 0.01) prior to the appearance of symptoms of thiamine deficiency and normalized in symptomatic rats. " 04/11/1996 - "Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity is selectively increased in thalamus in thiamine deficiency prior to the appearance of neurological symptoms." 05/01/1981 - "It is shown that the ATPase activity of the liver plasma membranes is inhibited only in case of modelling the alimentary thiamine deficiency." 01/15/1978 - "Thiamine deficiency caused a marked decrease of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (al-Pase) activity, but had no effect on the Ca++-ATPase activity and Ca++-absorption in rats. "
8.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2002 - "The amnesic effect of OT-induced thiamine deficiency and exposure to alcohol was ameliorated by the administration of phenytoin [diphenylhydantoin (DPH)] immediately following the training experience. " 05/01/1990 - "Treatment of thiamine deficiency neuropathy with phenytoin." 01/01/2002 - "Phenytoin ameliorates the memory deficit induced in the young chick by ethanol toxicity in association with thiamine deficiency."
9.	SpermineIBA 03/01/1980 - "4) With regard to the effects of thiamine deficiency on the polyamine contents of the testicles, there was a marked decrease in spermidine content on the 12th day of feeding and a marked increase of spermine content on the 30th day. " 03/01/1980 - "The spermidine/spermine ratio, which is high during periods of active cell differentiation and proliferation, was found to be significantly decreased in the thiamine deficient animals on both the 12th and 30th days of thiamine deficiency. "
10.	SpermidineIBA 03/01/1980 - "4) With regard to the effects of thiamine deficiency on the polyamine contents of the testicles, there was a marked decrease in spermidine content on the 12th day of feeding and a marked increase of spermine content on the 30th day. " 03/01/1980 - "The spermidine/spermine ratio, which is high during periods of active cell differentiation and proliferation, was found to be significantly decreased in the thiamine deficient animals on both the 12th and 30th days of thiamine deficiency. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Total Parenteral Nutrition 05/01/2015 - "Pregnancies complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum treated with total parenteral nutrition represent potential high-risk clinical scenarios for thiamine deficiency. " 01/01/2014 - "Severe lactic acidosis and multiorgan failure due to thiamine deficiency during total parenteral nutrition." 01/01/2004 - "Severe lactic acidosis and thiamine deficiency during total parenteral nutrition--case report." 07/09/1997 - "Lactic acidosis traced to thiamine deficiency related to nationwide shortage of multivitamins for total parenteral nutrition--United States, 1997." 06/13/1997 - "Lactic acidosis traced to thiamine deficiency related to nationwide shortage of multivitamins for total parenteral nutrition -- United States, 1997."
2.	Subcutaneous Injections 09/01/1989 - "The relative efficacy of thiamine supplementation to sheep by injection, subcutaneous implant and orally administered protected thiamine bolus was compared in two experiments using a grass and hay ration and a ration containing bracken rhizomes to induce thiamine deficiency. "
3.	Gastrectomy 11/01/2004 - "This study showed that thiamine-deficiency neuropathies due to gastrectomy and dietary imbalance are identical despite variability in their clinicopathologic features and suggested that thiamine deficiency can be a major cause of postgastrectomy polyneuropathy." 09/01/2014 - "We report a case of rapid Wernicke's encephalopathy due to a thiamine deficiency in a young female patient following Sleeve gastrectomy (SG). " 12/01/2012 - "Nystagmus: an uncommon neurological manifestation of thiamine deficiency as a serious complication of sleeve gastrectomy." 04/01/2009 - "[Wernicke s encephalopathy after gastrectomy due to thiamine deficiency]." 11/01/2008 - "Thiamine-deficiency neuropathies due to gastrectomy and dietary imbalance are identical despite variability in their clinicopathologic features and suggested that thiamine deficiency can be a major cause of postgastrectomy polyneuropathy. "
4.	Bariatric Surgery 11/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of thiamine deficiency in obese patients before bariatric surgery at our institution. " 01/01/2009 - "We recommend that the occurrence of digestive, psychiatric or neurological symptoms after bariatric surgery should suggest a thiamine deficiency that must be promptly assessed. " 10/04/2008 - "[Carencial neurophathy by thiamine deficiency secondary bariatric surgery]." 11/01/2005 - "Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery may have significant thiamine deficiency before surgery." 11/01/2005 - "Preoperative thiamine deficiency in obese population undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery."
5.	Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) 01/01/2013 - "The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of and treatment of symptoms of thiamine deficiency after gastric bypass. " 01/01/2013 - "We hypothesized that symptoms of thiamine deficiency are common after gastric bypass. " 01/01/2013 - "We have described thiamine deficiency in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth after gastric bypass. " 01/01/2010 - "Thiamine deficiency in a gastric bypass patient leading to acute neurologic compromise after plastic surgery." 05/01/2008 - "These results support the hypothesis that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth results from altered gut ecology and induces thiamine deficiency after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients."