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Theophylline (Theon)

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A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLATE CYCLASE and cyclic AMP.

Also Known As:

Theon; Aquaphyllin; Accurbron; Aerolate; Bronkodyl; Elixophyllin; Sustaire; Synophylate; Theo-Dur; Theobid; Theolair; Theostat; Theovent; Uniphyl; Theo 24; 1,3-Dimethylxanthine; 3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione; Aerobin; Afonilum Retard; Armophylline; Bronchoparat; Constant-T; Euphylong; Fameasan Brand of Theophylline Sodium Glycinate; Fujisawa Brand of Theophylline Sodium Glycinate; Glycine Theophyllinate; Lodrane; Monospan; Mundipharma Brand of Theophylline Sodium Glycinate; Nuelin; Nuelin S.A.; Quibron T-SR; Slo-Phyllin; Somophyllin-T; Theo-24; Theocin; Theoconfin Continuous; Theodur; Theolix; Theonite; Theopek; Theophylline Sodium Glycinate; Theospan; Uniphyllin; Uniphylline; ct-Arzneimittel Brand of Theophylline Sodium Glycinate; theo von ct; 1,3 Dimethylxanthine; Constant T; ConstantT; Glycinate, Theophylline Sodium; Quibron T SR; Quibron TSR; Slo Phyllin; SloPhyllin; Sodium Glycinate, Theophylline; Somophyllin T; SomophyllinT; Theo Dur; Theo24; Theophyllinate, Glycine; ct Arzneimittel Brand of Theophylline Sodium Glycinate; ct, theo von; von ct, theo; 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-

Networked: 3683 relevant articles (316 outcomes, 505 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Heterocyclic Compounds: 60
- Alkaloids: 1065
  - Xanthines: 95
    - Theophylline: 3683
- 2-Ring Heterocyclic Compounds
  - Purines: 436
    - Purinones
      - Xanthines: 95
        Theophylline: 3683
        Aminophylline: 1308
        Dimenhydrinate: 1191
        1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: 153
        Xanthinol Niacinate: 97
        8-phenyltheophylline: 63
        Dyphylline: 38
        8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: 34
        cholinophyllin: 33
        doxofylline: 33
        reproterol: 29
        1,7-dimethylxanthine: 28
        bamifylline: 25
        7-(4'-(2-nitroimidazole-1-yl)butyl)theophylline: 16
        theodrenaline drug combination cafedrine: 16
        8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: 14
        proxyphylline: 14
        mercurophylline: 12
        Instenon: 9
        etofylline: 8
        fenethylline: 6
        noradrenaline theophylline: 6
        ambroxol-theophylline-7-acetate: 5
        franol: 5
        MED 27: 5
        pamabrom: 5
        verofylline: 5
        salbutamol drug combination theophylline: 4
        Tedral: 4
        etamiphylline: 3
        pulmophylline: 3
        ABC 99: 2
        acefyllin piperazinate: 2
        ambuphylline: 2
        Broncho-binotal: 2
        furafylline: 2
        mepifiline: 2
        norephendrinetheophylline: 2
        sureptil: 2
        1-propyl-3-methyl-7-(5-hydroxyhexyl)xanthine: 1
        8-chlorotheophylline: 1
        8-thiotheophyllinate-triphenylphosphine gold(I): 1
        AC 85: 1
        acefylline: 1
        embraminteoclat: 1
        Ersilan: 1
        guarana powder: 1
        lysine theophylline: 1
        perphyllon: 1
        tazifylline: 1
        theo-hexanicit: 1
        theophylline-rutozide: 1
        1,9-dimethylxanthine
        1-methyl-3-acetoxyxanthine
        2-(1,3-dimethylxanthinyl-7-methyl)-4-methylmorpholine
        3,7-dihydro-1,8-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
        3,7-dimethylxanthine-1-methanecarboxylic acid
        6-(7-theophylline)-3(2H)-pyridazinone
        6-thiotheophylline
        7 beta-D-ribofuranosyltheophylline
        7,7'-ditheophylline succinate
        7,7'-succinylditheophylline
        7-(1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylmethyl)theophylline
        7-(2-(1-hydroxy-2-butylamino)ethyl)theophylline
        7-(2-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethylamino)propyl)theophylline
        7-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylcarbamoyl)theophylline
        7-(2-chloroethyl)theophylline
        7-(2-mesyloxy-2-phenylethyl)theophylline
        7-(3,4-dideoxy-6-O-(6-hydroxyhexyl)hex-3-enopyranosyl-2-ulose)theophylline
        7-(3-deoxy-3-fluorohex-2-enopyranosyl-4-ulose)theophylline
        7-(6-O-(5-carboxypentyl)-3,4-dideoxyhex-3-enopyranosyl-2-ulose)theophylline
        7-(beta-hydroxy-gamma-benzylpiperazinopropyl)theophylline
        7-2-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl-aminoethyl)-theophylline
        7-gamma-(beta-hydroxypropyl)theophylline 2',4'-dichlorobenzoate
        7-propyltheophylline dopamine
        8-(1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-dimethylxanthine
        8-(3-sulfophenyl)theophylline
        8-(methylthio)theophylline
        8-aminotheophylline-7-butyric acid
        8-cyclopropyltheophylline
        8-thiotheophylline
        AC 119
        AC 155
        acephyllinate drug combination drotaverine
        beta-galactosylumbelliferone theophylline
        bis(theophyllinato-N(7))bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II)
        BY 118K
        carprofilin
        CHINOIN 170
        deriphyllin
        deriphyllin-digoxin
        desethyletamiphylline
        etheofazine
        Eucebral-N
        flufylline
        fluprophylline
        gerocerebrin
        hexobendine drug combination etofylline etamivan digoxin
        imfilin
        Jupal
        lomifylline

Experts

1.	Barnes, Peter J: 17 articles (05/2014 - 05/2002)
2.	Matsuda, Hisashi: 12 articles (07/2014 - 08/2009)
3.	Yoshikawa, Masayuki: 12 articles (07/2014 - 08/2009)
4.	Nakashima, Souichi: 11 articles (07/2014 - 08/2009)
5.	Nakamura, Seikou: 11 articles (04/2014 - 08/2009)
6.	Henderson-Smart, D J: 9 articles (01/2001 - 01/2000)
7.	Adcock, Ian M: 8 articles (05/2014 - 06/2002)
8.	Matsumoto, Takahiro: 8 articles (04/2014 - 01/2012)
9.	Fujimoto, Katsuyoshi: 8 articles (04/2014 - 01/2012)
10.	Ohta, Ken: 7 articles (09/2014 - 10/2004)

Related Diseases

1.	Asthma (Bronchial Asthma) 01/01/1985 - "Behavioral interventions that were most effective in achieving compliance were parental encouragement and increasing parental supervision of medication (compliance, asthma, theophylline, behavioral intervention)." 03/01/1979 - "A prolonged therapeutic effect following a single oral dose of theophylline and maintenance of an adequate therapeutic blood level of theophylline is an important factor in the management of chronic bronchial asthma. " 09/01/1978 - "Toxicity was not evident when dosage was adjusted to avoid Tc exceeding 20 microgram/ml. S-R theophylline therapy, with the use of formulations of acceptable bioavailability, provides excellent control of chronic childhood asthma, offers the advantage of extended dosing intervals, and encourages improved patient cooperation in drug compliance." 01/01/2003 - "Furthermore, many therapeutic mechanisms of theophylline for bronchial asthma have been reported, and recent studies have suggested that theophylline therapy may have a beneficial role in the management of chronic stable asthma as well as exacerbated disease. " 03/01/2006 - "Theophylline significantly improved the clinical symptom scores (P<0.05) and decreased the asthma attacks. "
2.	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 10/01/1993 - "We conclude that theophylline has clinically significant benefits in patients with severe COPD." 01/01/1991 - "In the group with COPD there was also a significant decrease in steroid dosage--from 22.6 +/- 12.2 to 6.0 +/- 4.5 mg. These changes were not associated with a decline in spirometric values; nor was improvement secondary to improved theophylline levels, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in serum theophylline levels from 12.4 +/- 3.6 mg/dL baseline to 8.5 +/- 2.8 mg/dL (P less than .001) after maximal steroid tapering. " 02/13/1988 - "These data suggest that an unequal twice daily sustained-release theophylline dosing with higher dose in the evening may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease." 01/01/2008 - "Treatment of COPD patients with TP is more effective than with theophylline." 12/01/1988 - "Possible favorable actions of theophylline, including improved mucociliary clearance, stimulation of respiratory drive, enhanced cardiovascular function, and increased diaphragmatic contractility and endurance, have either been shown to be minor in degree, or have not been demonstrated in patients with irreversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. "
3.	Apnea 01/01/2001 - "Theophylline is more effective than mask CPAP for preterm infants with apnea. " 01/01/2000 - "Theophylline is more effective than mask CPAP for preterm infants with apnea. " 10/01/1980 - "This dose of theophylline is effective in idiopathic apnea of prematurity and acts as a metabolic stimulant. " 01/01/1980 - "Theophylline at this dose appears to be a safe and effective treatment for idiopathic apnea in premature infants. " 01/01/1999 - "Under CPAP therapy all respiratory variables improved and normalized, while under theophylline only the apnea-hypopnea index and the desaturation index improved but still did not return to normal values. "
4.	Seizures (Seizure) 03/01/2015 - "A calculated theophylline loading dose before ECT is well tolerated and effective in prolonging seizure duration and aiding with seizure generation in patients who do not seize readily. " 02/01/2008 - "We diagnosed as theophylline-associated seizures though blood theophylline concentration disclosed its therapeutic dose, and her symptom improved after theophylline was discontinued. " 11/01/2010 - "This study demonstrated that theophylline administered at doses that achieve low serum concentrations can cause spike discharges in mouse EEGs even without causing clinical seizures, indicating that theophylline plays a potent role in subclinical epileptogenicity." 08/01/1981 - "Four patients had seizures attributable to theophylline toxicity; all four had serum theophylline concentrations above 40 micrograms/ml. Of the 87 study patients, 77 (89%) had received theophylline doses above recommended guidelines. " 08/20/2015 - "GABAA receptor blockade induced seizure-like discharges and occluded theophylline-evoked seizure-like discharges in the slices, but not in the intact hippocampi. "
5.	Inflammation 11/01/2001 - "The results suggest that a new once-a-day sustained-release theophylline formulation would be useful in the treatment of chronic respiratory tract inflammation." 01/01/2001 - "The apparent suppression of airway inflammation by theophylline reinforces findings from in vitro experiments (including our recent studies). " 10/01/1988 - "Similar to the results of the dosed-feed study, male and female rats receiving theophylline by gavage demonstrated a dose-related increase in the incidence and severity of perivascular inflammation of mesenteric arteries. " 07/01/1987 - "This hypothesis is based on in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating that theophylline at therapeutic concentrations has an inhibitory activity on airway inflammation induced by allergic and nonallergic stimuli. " 09/01/2015 - "Theophylline effectively reduced the inflammation of liver tissues and alleviated the liver damage by decreasing IFN-γ and TGF-β in liver tissues of rats with immunological hepatic injury."

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Albuterol (Salbutamol)
2.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)
3.	salmeterol (Serevent)
4.	Theophylline (Theon)
5.	Aminophylline (Carine)
6.	Adenosine
7.	Phenytoin (Dilantin)
8.	Caffeine (No Doz)
9.	Terbutaline (Brethaire)
10.	Beclomethasone (Beclometasone)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Kidney Transplantation
2.	Nebulizers and Vaporizers (Inhaler)
3.	Oral Administration
4.	Intravenous Infusions
5.	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure