Tetrodotoxin (Tetradotoxin)

An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.

Also Known As:

Networked: 657 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 40 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Hwang, Deng-Fwu: 7 articles (05/2011 - 02/2002)
2.	Deeds, Jonathan R: 4 articles (01/2015 - 10/2006)
3.	Nishikawa, Toshio: 4 articles (07/2014 - 07/2002)
4.	Isobe, Minoru: 4 articles (07/2014 - 07/2002)
5.	Waxman, Stephen G: 4 articles (07/2014 - 04/2004)
6.	Cummins, Theodore R: 4 articles (09/2011 - 04/2004)
7.	Arakawa, Osamu: 3 articles (04/2013 - 01/2011)
8.	Całka, Jarosław: 3 articles (01/2013 - 12/2011)
9.	Shryock, John C: 3 articles (04/2011 - 11/2008)
10.	Belardinelli, Luiz: 3 articles (04/2011 - 11/2008)

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches) 12/15/2000 - "Evidence from animal models and studies of human sensory nerves demonstrate that tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant Na(+) channels are present in sensory neurons and might play an important role in pain conduction and chronic pain. " 12/17/2015 - "Antihyperalgesic effect of tetrodotoxin in rat models of persistent muscle pain." 02/01/2012 - "Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a therapeutic agent for pain." 03/17/2009 - "The tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-gated Na(+) channels Na(v)1.8 and Na(v)1.9 are expressed by a subset of primary sensory neurons and have been implicated in various pain states. " 11/01/2008 - "Evidence supports a role for the tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(V)1.7 and the tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(V)1.8 in the pathogenesis of pain. "
2.	Ganglion Cysts (Ganglion) 03/01/2007 - "The heart photoresponse of juveniles was reversibly eliminated by application of tetrodotoxin, which changes the heartbeat from neurogenic to myogenic by suppressing cardiac ganglion activity. " 11/15/1999 - "Nonlinear responses evoked from millimeters beyond the ganglion cell were eliminated by tetrodotoxin. " 10/01/1998 - "This study presents evidence that in the neonatal cat blocking the impulse activity of ganglion cells with the Na+-channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) leads to a loss of the axon-related morphology of astrocytes. " 03/01/2015 - "Tetrodotoxin abolished VEPs at all levels in the visual pathway, confirming successful blockage of ganglion cell activity. " 12/01/2007 - "Effects of continuous sciatic nerve block by tetrodotoxin on growth associated protein-43 expression in dorsal root ganglions of normal and sciatic nerve injury rats."
3.	Poisoning 01/01/2011 - "An electrophysiological study of acute tetrodotoxin poisoning." 09/01/2006 - "Our study results suggest that in severe puffer fish poisoning the toxin (tetrodotoxin) has a complete conduction block effect on myelinated nerve fibers and spares axons, and it appears that the toxin has no effect on the CNS. " 03/01/2005 - "This study confirms that the neurotoxic effects of puffer-fish poisoning can be explained by tetrodotoxin blockade of Na(+) channels. " 10/01/1996 - "Electrophysiological studies on acute tetrodotoxin poisoning: a case report." 12/01/1992 - "This study describes the possibility of active and passive immunization for tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning. "
4.	Ischemia 08/01/1994 - "In the present study, we investigated the effects of 10 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) on ischemia-induced disturbances of ion homeostasis in the isolated perfused rat brain. " 09/15/2009 - "Before ischemia and during reperfusion, hearts were treated with no drug (control) or with the late Na(+) current inhibitors Ran (5 micromol/L) or tetrodotoxin (1 micromol/L). " 10/20/1998 - "Activation patterns of VF in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart were studied with the use of 2 protocols: (1) 15 minutes of no-flow global ischemia followed by reperfusion (n=7) and (2) decreased excitability induced by perfusion with 5 micromol/L of tetrodotoxin (TTX) followed by washout (n=3). " 10/04/1991 - "Infusion of tetrodotoxin, a blocker of voltage-dependent Na+ channels, was without effect on the DA surge during ischemia, but decreased the DA levels after reperfusion to the same extent as in control rats. " 01/02/1991 - "Thirty min before ischemia, tetrodotoxin at a dose of 10(-7) or 10(-6) M was topically applied into the hippocampal CA1 subfield. "
5.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 10/20/2015 - "Na+ current, reversibly blocked by tetrodotoxin, was retained in cancer cells in tumor tissue slices, thus directly confirming functional VGSC activity in vivo. " 01/01/1995 - "In the tumor cells from SCLC cell line NCI-H146, the majority of the voltage-gated Na+ channels are only weakly tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive (Kd = 215 nM). " 07/01/1991 - "The Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (5 microM) did not affect inward currents in tumor corticotrophs. " 01/01/2004 - "Tetrodotoxin is safe and effective for severe, refractory cancer pain." 06/01/2011 - "We assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tetrodotoxin treatment in reducing the intensity of chronic cancer-related pain. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Sodium Channels (Sodium Channel)
2.	Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
3.	Adenosine
4.	Isoproterenol (Isoprenaline)
5.	Atropine (Hyoscyamine)
6.	Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
7.	Acetylcholine (Acetylcholine Chloride)
8.	Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
9.	Phentolamine (Z-Max)
10.	Mexiletine (Mexitil)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Denervation
2.	Intravitreal Injections
3.	Ligation
4.	Analgesia
5.	Photorefractive Keratectomy