Tetralogy of Fallot (Fallot Tetralogy)

A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1317 relevant articles (28 outcomes, 90 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Atrial Heart Septal Defects (Atrial Septal Defect)
2.	Patent Ductus Arteriosus
3.	Ectopic Junctional Tachycardia
4.	Ventricular Heart Septal Defects (Ventricular Septal Defect)
5.	Pulmonary Valve Stenosis (Pulmonary Stenosis)

Experts

1.	Mulder, Barbara J M: 7 articles (02/2014 - 04/2006)
2.	Bacha, Emile A: 6 articles (12/2015 - 06/2003)
3.	Vliegen, Hubert W: 6 articles (11/2015 - 04/2006)
4.	National Birth Defects Prevention Study: 6 articles (10/2015 - 07/2007)
5.	Kiran, Usha: 6 articles (02/2015 - 01/2006)
6.	Ma, Duan: 6 articles (05/2014 - 09/2013)
7.	Silversides, Candice K: 5 articles (03/2015 - 03/2010)
8.	Gatzoulis, Michael A: 5 articles (03/2015 - 10/2007)
9.	Mayer, John E: 5 articles (02/2015 - 01/2007)
10.	Yang, Wei: 5 articles (11/2014 - 05/2007)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tetralogy of Fallot:

1.	Complete atrioventricular septal defectIBA 01/01/2014 - "The objective of this report is to evaluate our surgical approach to complete atrioventricular septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and to determine the best treatment for this malformation. " 03/01/1986 - "Total repair of tetralogy of Fallot and complete atrioventricular canal remains a surgical challenge; however, good results can be obtained if the lesions are repaired properly at operation. " 12/01/1998 - "The outcome of surgical correction of complete atrioventricular septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot has improved in recent years. " 10/01/2014 - "This study reviewed surgical outcomes of staged repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot, especially with focusing on the post-operative left-sided atrioventricular valve function. " 10/01/2014 - "The post-operative left-sided atrioventricular valve function after the repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect with tetralogy of Fallot maintained with the application of the two-patch repair, early and repeated palliative systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, and the early definitive surgery."
2.	Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2003 - "The purpose of this study was to see whether a phenylephrine-induced increase in systemic blood pressure increased pulmonary blood flow, resulting in improved arterial oxygenation in tetralogy of Fallot. " 11/01/2003 - "Our results further suggest that this increase in pulmonary blood flow is involved in the mechanism of phenylephrine-induced improvement of arterial oxygenation in tetralogy of Fallot." 11/01/2003 - "Our results suggest that the phenylephrine-induced increase in systemic blood pressure produces an increase in pulmonary blood flow in tetralogy of Fallot. " 11/01/2003 - "In 14 consecutive children with tetralogy of Fallot (2-32 months old), transesophageal pulsed Doppler signals of left upper pulmonary venous flow (PVF) velocity were recorded before and four minutes after 10 micro g x kg(-1) of phenylephrine i.v. Simultaneously, arterial blood gas analysis and hemodynamic measurements were performed. " 11/01/2003 - "Phenylephrine increases pulmonary blood flow in children with tetralogy of Fallot."
3.	KetamineFDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2000 - "The use of ketamine anesthesia is recommended as an alternative maintenance regimen in children undergoing definitive correction of tetralogy of Fallot." 01/01/2006 - "We compared the efficacy of intranasal midazolam, ketamine and their mixture as premedication in children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) using bispectral index (BIS), sedation score and separation score at the time of separation from parent. " 01/01/2006 - "Evaluation of efficacy of intranasal midazolam, ketamine and their mixture as premedication and its relation with bispectral index in children with tetralogy of fallot undergoing intracardiac repair." 05/01/1990 - "Combined fentanyl and ketamine anesthesia ensures an adequate protection against the operation stress only in patients with tetralogy of Fallot without anastomoses. " 10/01/2000 - "To evaluate the use of ketamine in comparison with isoflurane in the maintenance of anesthesia in children with tetralogy of Fallot. "
4.	Midazolam (Versed)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/2015 - "Intranasal midazolam offers an alternative use as an initial method of calming the child that was effective in a patient with a severe cyanotic spell because of tetralogy of Fallot in the emergency department." 04/01/2015 - "Intranasal midazolam for the emergency management of hypercyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot." 01/01/2006 - "We compared the efficacy of intranasal midazolam, ketamine and their mixture as premedication in children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) using bispectral index (BIS), sedation score and separation score at the time of separation from parent. " 01/01/2006 - "Evaluation of efficacy of intranasal midazolam, ketamine and their mixture as premedication and its relation with bispectral index in children with tetralogy of fallot undergoing intracardiac repair."
5.	OxygenIBA 07/01/1992 - "This study provides putative evidence that the myocardium of patients with tetralogy of Fallot is a risk of oxygen-derived free radical injury during and immediately after corrective cardiovascular operations." 01/01/1967 - "[Studies on the oxygen supply of the heart and its substrate in patients with tetralogy of Fallot]." 10/01/2015 - "Peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory efficiency and QRS-duration predict event free survival in patients late after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot." 02/01/2013 - "In 23 consecutive patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot, standard hemodynamic variables, central venous oxygen saturations, and near infrared spectroscopy of the brain, mesenteric, and renal circulations were monitored for 30 minutes before and after extubation. " 02/01/2013 - "Cerebral and somatic oxygen saturations after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: effects of extubation on regional blood flow."
6.	Coarctation of the aortaIBA 10/01/1983 - "Based on data from the literature and their own experience, the authors study the long-term clinical course of patients with interatrial communications (IAC), coarctation of the aorta (CAo) and tetralogy of Fallot (TF) who have been operated. " 03/01/2015 - "A total of 10 children with either coarctation of the aorta (n=6; age 3.8±0.9) or tetralogy of Fallot (n=4, age 4.3±0.9) were recruited from the cardiology unit of McMaster Children's Hospital. " 12/01/2014 - "Coarctation of the aorta (n=67, 22%), atrioventricular septal defect (n=58, 19%), and tetralogy of Fallot (n=53, 18%) were the most common major CHDs identified. " 09/01/2014 - "We describe the rare case of a 10-month-old girl who had coarctation of the aorta in association with tetralogy of Fallot. " 09/01/2014 - "One-stage repair of tetralogy of Fallot with coarctation of the aorta."
7.	Propranolol (Inderal)FDA LinkGeneric 10/29/1966 - "Failure of oral propranolol to maintain relief from paroxysmal syncopal attacks in Fallot's tetralogy after its successful intravenous use." 03/01/2008 - "The aim of this study was to determine if preoperative propranolol therapy has a deleterious effect on postoperative variables in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. " 01/01/2014 - "A PHACES syndrome unmasked by propranolol interruption in a tetralogy of Fallot patient: case report and extensive review on new indications of beta blockers." 03/01/2008 - "In conclusion, propranolol therapy can be used in patients with tetralogy of Fallot until the time of surgery, without important effects on their postoperative courses. " 03/01/2008 - "Effect of preoperative use of propranolol on postoperative outcome in patients with tetralogy of Fallot."
8.	Morphine (MS Contin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2013 - "Effect of morphine-induced postconditioning in corrections of tetralogy of fallot." 08/01/1993 - "The pharmacokinetics of morphine have not been previously studied in children following cardiac surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or transposition of the great arteries (TGA). " 01/01/2013 - "This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of morphine-induced postconditioning on protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing corrections of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). " 08/01/2005 - "The aim of this study was to determine whether morphine-HCl or pethidine-HCl differ as pre-medication to prevent anoxic spell in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) at catheterization. "
9.	Fentanyl (Sublimaze)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1986 - "Our studies suggest that fentanyl-O2 anaesthesia in the schedule described, in children undergoing elective cardiac surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot, A-V canal, and transposition of the great arteries, is not sufficient to prevent elevation in systolic blood pressure despite fentanyl plasma concentrations in excess of 20 ng X ml-1. " 07/01/2014 - "To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful treatment of a hypoxic episode of Tetralogy of Fallot using intranasal fentanyl. " 07/01/2014 - "Treatment of tetralogy of Fallot hypoxic spell with intranasal fentanyl." 08/20/1988 - "Effect of fentanyl on right to left cardiac shunting in the tetralogy of Fallot." 01/01/1986 - "We assessed the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in 19 infants and children undergoing cardiac surgery for correction of tetralogy of Fallot, A-V-canal and transposition of the great arteries. "
10.	DexmedetomidineFDA Link 10/01/2012 - "Dexmedetomidine was used as an adjunct anesthetic for an infant with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). " 10/01/2012 - "Dexmedetomidine infusion as an adjunct anesthetic for tetralogy of fallot repair during a pediatric cardiac mission trip in Jamaica: a case report." 07/01/2008 - "Sedation of hypercyanotic spells in a neonate with tetralogy of Fallot using dexmedetomidine." 09/01/2014 - "Efficacy of dexmedetomidine for the control of junctional ectopic tachycardia after repair of tetralogy of Fallot." 07/01/2012 - "Dexmedetomidine controls junctional ectopic tachycardia during Tetralogy of Fallot repair in an infant."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Balloon Dilation 09/01/1999 - "It was concluded that balloon dilation was a safe and effective treatment for a dog case with tetralogy of Fallot. " 01/01/1999 - "In conclusion, initial balloon dilation of the pulmonary valve in tetralogy of Fallot resulted in increase of the Z score for the pulmonary valve and improved antegrade pulmonary blood flow, inducing growth of the pulmonary arteries and ameliorating the anatomic and physiologic preoperative condition." 10/01/2015 - "Valve-sparing repair in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) carries the risk of residual or recurrent right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, which is often treated with transcatheter balloon dilation (BD). " 10/01/2015 - "Transcatheter balloon dilation for recurrent right ventricular outflow tract obstruction following valve-sparing repair of tetralogy of Fallot." 11/15/2012 - "The balloon dilation of the pulmonary valve during early repair of tetralogy of Fallot."
2.	Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Heart-Lung Bypass) 03/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of pulmonary perfusion with hypothermic protective solution on lung function after cardiopulmonary bypass in corrections of Tetralogy of Fallot. " 02/01/2015 - "A prospective study was undertaken in the cardiac operating room and intensive care unit at a single institution; 250 patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing intracardiac repair under cardiopulmonary bypass were studied. " 11/15/2012 - "Controlled reoxygenation cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with reduced transcriptomic changes in cyanotic tetralogy of Fallot patients undergoing surgery." 01/01/2012 - "Successful one-stage total correction was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass, including implantation of the left pulmonary artery, repair of aortopulmonary window, and correction of tetralogy of Fallot. " 10/01/2011 - "[Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on renal function in children with Tetralogy of Fallot]."
3.	Blalock-Taussig Procedure 09/15/1992 - "One girl with tetralogy of Fallot showed a remarkable improvement in health after Blalock-Taussig procedure. " 09/01/2014 - "A 2-month-old girl with Tetralogy of Fallot underwent placement of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) at day of life (DOL) 6 with revision at DOL 20. " 09/01/2014 - "Pulmonary annulus growth after the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in tetralogy of Fallot." 04/01/2014 - "In this case report, we report a case of the urgent Blalock-Taussig shunt (BT shunt) operation for a small patient of Fallot's tetralogy with anoxic spell, which showed an atypical change of hemodynamics and SpO2 with the shunt opening. " 01/01/2014 - "In resource-poor settings, the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) is often performed for symptomatic relief of Fallot's tetralogy. "
4.	Stents 07/01/2013 - "While there are several studies documenting safe and effective palliation by transcatheter right ventricular outflow tract stenting in infants with tetralogy of Fallot, literature on isolated infundibular stent implantation sparing the normal pulmonary valve in postoperative infundibular restenosis is very scant. " 06/01/2015 - "Ductal stent implantation in tetralogy of fallot with aortic arch abnormality." 05/01/2014 - "[Migration of a stent implanted in the pulmonary artery of a patient with tetralogy of Fallot]." 11/01/2013 - "We report the case of a 1.2 kg, hemodynamically unstable neonate with tetralogy of Fallot, in whom we implanted a right ventricular outflow tract stent under primarily echocardiographic guidance. " 12/01/2012 - "Palliation using a self-expandable stent in a patient with obstructive right-ventricular outflow tract after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot: self-expandable stent in tetralogy of Fallot."
5.	Extracorporeal Circulation 09/01/2002 - "We present a six month old infant with tetralogy of fallot and atresia of the left pulmonary artery in which biventricular stimulation led to improved left ventricular function and successful weaning from extracorporeal circulation." 10/01/1985 - "[Experimental study of pulmonary valve replacement without the aid of extracorporeal circulation--a palliative operation for tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve]." 01/01/1992 - "During the last 10 years, complete correction of the tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has been performed on 28 adult patients using the "separated extracorporeal circulation" (separated ECC) technique developed by us. " 01/01/1992 - "Complete correction of the tetralogy of Fallot in adults using separated extracorporeal circulation to block intrathoracic collateral circulation and improve perfusion of the renal vasculature." 01/01/1986 - "[Rational stabilization of the blood during surgery with extracorporeal circulation in patients with cyanotic tetralogy of Fallot]."