Tetany (Spasmophilia)

A disorder characterized by muscle twitches, cramps, and carpopedal spasm, and when severe, laryngospasm and seizures. This condition is associated with unstable depolarization of axonal membranes, primarily in the peripheral nervous system. Tetany usually results from HYPOCALCEMIA or reduced serum levels of MAGNESIUM that may be associated with HYPERVENTILATION; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; RICKETS; UREMIA; or other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1490)

Also Known As:

Networked: 545 relevant articles (20 outcomes, 38 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Hypoparathyroidism
2.	Hypocalcemia
3.	Fistula
4.	Hyperventilation
5.	Spasm (Spasms)

Experts

1.	Bindels, René J: 4 articles (07/2012 - 08/2007)
2.	McCoy, M A: 4 articles (06/2004 - 12/2000)
3.	Hoenderop, Joost G: 3 articles (03/2011 - 08/2007)
4.	Kawamoto, H: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)
5.	Ohshima, A: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)
6.	Murakami, T: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)
7.	Yamashita, H: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)
8.	Watanabe, S: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)
9.	Uchino, S: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)
10.	Noguchi, S: 3 articles (04/2001 - 04/2000)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Tetany:

1.	CalciumIBA 06/01/1975 - "The literature on diseases involving calcium in the newborn, particularly neonatal tetany, is especially helpful in establishing a concept of normal levels, providing clinically supported upper and lower values. " 03/01/1960 - "Tetany: some studies on the tetanic syndrome and calcium metabolism." 01/01/1923 - "Studies in Experimental Tetany: On the Distribution of Calcium in the Plasma and Cells. " 08/01/1914 - "THE REMOVAL OF CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD BY DIALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF TETANY." 01/09/1909 - "Studies of the metabolism in parathyroidectomized animals show: 1. A marked reduction in the calcium content of the tissues especially of the blood and brain, during tetany. "
2.	MagnesiumIBA 06/01/2004 - "In tetany induction studies carried out in adult ewes and lactating cows significant relationships were found to exist between the concentrations of magnesium in either cerebrospinal fluid or plasma and either aqueous or vitreous humour. " 06/01/2004 - "Recent studies have investigated the potential of eye fluid magnesium concentration as a post-mortem marker of hypomagnesaemic tetany. " 03/03/2001 - "Severe hypomagnesaemia and tetany were induced in 10 lactating cows by feeding them semi-synthetic low magnesium diets and the animals were used to study the stability of postmortem markers of hypomagnesaemic tetany. " 04/01/1965 - "[STUDY OF BLOOD MAGNESIUM IN TETANY]." 01/01/1958 - "Studies on magnesium in ruminant nutrition; balance experiments on sheep with herbage from fields associated with lactation tetany and from control pastures."
3.	Vitamin DFDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2015 - "Twelve out of 14 neonates (85.7%) had 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels <20 ng/mL and 9 neonates (64.3%) had 25OHD levels <10 ng/mL. Twenty-one neonates had hypocalcemic tetany. " 10/01/2006 - "[Vitamin D deficit as cause of latent tetany]." 09/01/1998 - "Nevertheless, vitamin D or its analogues are required to control tetany predisposing to abortion and preterm labour. " 01/01/1990 - "Vitamin D metabolites in spasmophilia." 11/01/1971 - "[Overdose of vitamin D in a patient with tetany]."
4.	PotassiumIBA 03/01/1993 - "Increasing the serum potassium level from 2.8 to 3.4 mmol/litre by potassium supplementation induced tetany. " 03/01/1993 - "Potassium replacement associated with the development of tetany in a patient with hypomagnesaemia." 06/09/1958 - "Chronic hypopotassaemia, refractory to potassium treatment, and tetany in a girl aged 14 years." 11/01/1953 - "[Potassium and tetany]." 05/15/1953 - "[Potassium sensitization and tetany]."
5.	SaltsIBA 02/28/1923 - "A study of tetany should include the protein metabolism as well as that of the inorganic salts, since it seems possible that the tetany is due to protein split-products and not to the alkalosis. " 01/20/1919 - "The most important result seems to be the fact that the salts used, though they prevented the muscular convulsions, did not prevent the other symptoms of tetany which in the salamander larvae are very definite and constant. " 01/01/1914 - "Calcium salts have a striking palliative effect on parathyroid tetany and preventative action in tiding over otherwise fatal cases, but are in no sense curative. " 01/09/1909 - "In general the role of the calcium salts in connection with tetany may be conceived of as follows: These salts have a moderating influence upon the nerve cells. " 07/01/1995 - "As these nosological entities appear to occur concomitantly, the author recommends, in all patients treated for panic disorder, to examine the iontogram, red blood cell magnesium and EMG and, if the diagnosis of latent tetany is confirmed, to initiate therapy with magnesium salts whose long-term administration leads to remission of problems common to both nosological entities."
6.	AlloysIBA 04/01/1984 - "Two cow-calf grazing studies and 2 rate-of-disappearance trials in steers surgically prepared with rumen fistula were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a large Mg alloy rumen bolus in preventing hypomagnesemic tetany (grass tetany). " 04/01/1984 - "Efficacy of a large magnesium alloy rumen bolus in the prevention of hypomagnesemic tetany in cows."
7.	Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone)IBA 06/01/2013 - "Amongst patients in whom the parathyroid hormone level was normal, tetany symptoms were observed in 0.5% of cases. " 01/01/2008 - "Logistic regression analyses examining the relationship between the reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and the incidence of tetany revealed that both the wPTH and iPTH assays were significantly equally predictive of postoperative tetany. " 01/01/1990 - "The patient's TSH remained above the normal limit until 5 years of age, when she suffered from hypocalcemic tetany and was diagnosed as type-1 PHP on the basis of responsiveness to parathyroid hormone. " 10/01/1981 - "In 25 cases of spasmophilia the parathyroid function was assessed by complete exploration of the P-Ca metabolism and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of parathormone (PTH). " 10/01/1981 - "The functional status of the parathyroid in adult spasmophilia patients estimated by plasma parathormone assay."
8.	Furosemide (Lasix)FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/1984 - "An unusual cause of tetany: surreptitious use of furosemide." 08/22/1971 - "[Furosemide-induced tetany]." 10/01/1994 - "Age of onset, tetany manifestations, absence of growth retardation, hypermagnesuria despite, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria not improved by furosemide favor the diagnosis of Gitelman's syndrome rather than that of Bartter syndrome initially considered." 10/17/1987 - "Tetany induced by frusemide in latent hypoparathyroidism." 01/01/1993 - "Tetany and rhabdomyolysis due to surreptitious furosemide--importance of magnesium supplementation."
9.	Calcium Gluconate (CBG)IBA 01/01/1969 - "Cardiovascular changes during tetany and following administration of calcium gluconate in dogs." 03/01/2010 - "Although the patient became nearly euthyroid, she had been hypocalcemic, requiring frequent intravenous injection of calcium gluconate to prevent tetany. " 02/01/2006 - "He developed profound hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, life-threatening tetany, and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and intravenous calcium gluconate for recovery. " 05/01/2008 - "They were promptly treated with intravenous 10 per cent calcium gluconate and tetany was relieved immediately and treatment with paromomycin continued with oral calcium supplement. " 12/01/1977 - "The otherwise predictable complications of PTX in this metabolic setting (hypocalcemia of increasing severity, tetany, moribundity, and death) were prevented by continuous intravenous administration of calcium (as a solution of calcium chloride/calcium gluconate 1:1) through a catheter in the external jugular vein placed at the time of PTX. "
10.	Edetic Acid (EDTA)FDA Link 12/01/2008 - "In 1991, the CDC recommended using only edetate calcium disodium, not edetate disodium, to children because edetate disodium may induce tetany and possible hypocalcemia as illustrated in this case. " 12/01/1991 - "In patients with normocalcaemic tetany and hyperventilation syndrome (functional breathing syndrome), respectively, the parathyroid function was studied by means of the EDTA test according to Kaiser and Ponsold. " 07/01/1980 - "Parathyroid response to EDTA in hypoparathyroidism and in tetany." 07/01/1980 - "Despite comparable basal PTH values, the patients with hypoparathyroidism and the normocalcaemic patients, with tetany following thyroid surgery, responded less than normals to EDTA, while normocalcaemic patients with tetany due to psychogenic hyperventilation responded more than normals. " 07/01/1980 - "The parathyroid response to an EDTA infusion was measured in 11 patients with hypoparathyroidism and 22 patients with normocalcaemic tetany, and compared to that of normal controls and of 23 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Thyroidectomy 10/01/2009 - "All patients underwent total thyroidectomy by the same team of surgeons and the patients were closely followed up for postoperative complications especially in terms of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and hypocalcaemic tetany. " 01/01/1992 - "In the 1890s Gley found that tetany after thyroidectomy was due to removal of the parathyroids. " 04/01/1989 - "One of the 16 patients had severe clinical tetany and had a markedly lower PTH-M concentration and NcAMP after thyroidectomy. " 08/01/1985 - "Early onset of tetany following thyroidectomy: report of two cases." 11/21/1962 - "Apropos of tetany after thyroidectomy]."
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 12/01/2012 - "Delayed MSC transplantation resulted in a significant improvement of contraction maxima in both stimulation modes (twitch, p = 0.011; tetany, p = 0.014). " 01/01/1969 - "[The results of transplantation of the parathyroid glands in the treatment of parathyroprivic tetany]." 05/31/1960 - "Transplantation of homologous parathyroid gland in the treatment of chronic tetany: three-to seven-year follow-up on three patients." 01/01/1955 - "Freedom from tetany after homologous gland transplantation." 01/01/1954 - "[Problem of the treatment of tetany by transplantation of the thyroid]."
3.	Airway Management 11/01/1999 - "The administration of calcium chloride rapidly resolved the patient's tetany with prompt recovery of respiratory function, averting the need for more aggressive airway management and ventilatory support. " 09/01/2011 - "Propofol and sevoflurane relieved the tetany, allowing airway control and ventilation without intubation or neuromuscular blocking drugs during wound debridement. "
4.	Subcutaneous Injections 08/01/1908 - "I. Tetany following Thyroidectomy Cured by the Subcutaneous Injection of Parathyroid Emulsion." 12/01/2006 - "A 29-year-old female with a history of illicit drug use presented with progressive tetany secondary to an abscess on her forearm from subcutaneous injections. "
5.	Debridement 09/01/2011 - "Propofol and sevoflurane relieved the tetany, allowing airway control and ventilation without intubation or neuromuscular blocking drugs during wound debridement. "