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Tacrine (Cognex)

A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.

Also Known As:

Cognex; 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-acridinamine; 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroaminoacridine; 9-Amino-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridine; Horizon Brand of Tacrine Hydrochloride; OTL Pharm Brand of Tacrine Hydrochloride; Parke Davis Brand of Tacrine Hydrochloride; Romotal; THA; Tacrine Hydrochloride; Tenakrin; Woods Brand of Tacrine Hydrochloride; Tetrahydroaminoacridine; 9-Acridinamine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-

Networked: 566 relevant articles (59 outcomes, 103 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Kong, Ling-Yi: 6 articles (05/2015 - 06/2013)
2.	Xie, Sai-Sai: 6 articles (05/2015 - 06/2013)
3.	Marco-Contelles, José: 6 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)
4.	Bartolini, Manuela: 6 articles (01/2012 - 02/2003)
5.	Andrisano, Vincenza: 6 articles (01/2012 - 02/2003)
6.	Huang, Ling: 5 articles (12/2015 - 05/2012)
7.	Li, Xingshu: 5 articles (12/2015 - 05/2012)
8.	Kuca, Kamil: 5 articles (11/2015 - 05/2008)
9.	Wang, Xiao-Bing: 5 articles (03/2015 - 06/2013)
10.	López, Manuela G: 5 articles (01/2015 - 12/2006)

Related Diseases

1.	Alzheimer Disease (Alzheimer's Disease) 02/01/1998 - "CSF concentrations ranged from not detectable to 15.92 ng/mL. The authors support that penetration of tacrine into CSF is highly variable in patients with Alzheimer's disease and that disparity in tacrine concentrations at the site of action may be one reason for conflicting results from studies of the efficacy of tacrine in Alzheimer's disease." 10/29/1992 - "Of 632 eligible patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 215 improved while receiving tacrine during a preliminary crossover phase to determine responsiveness and the best dose. " 11/01/1999 - "By reviewing the key methodological features (sample size, duration, statistical and clinical significance) of clinical trials examining the efficacy of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we assessed their ability to detect clinically important changes in cognition. " 10/18/1988 - "Long-term administration of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) has been reported to produce marked clinical improvement in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. " 10/29/1992 - "In this short-term study in patients with Alzheimer's disease who were selected for apparent responsiveness to tacrine, treatment with tacrine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the decline of cognitive function, although this reduction was not large enough to be detected by the study physicians' global assessments of the patients."
2.	Dementia (Dementias) 01/01/2007 - "The efficacy of tacrine for symptoms of dementia remains controversial. " 01/01/2000 - "However, the efficacy of tacrine for symptoms of dementia remains controversial. " 01/01/2007 - "All unconfounded, double-blind, randomized trials in which treatment with tacrine was administered for more than a day and compared to placebo in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. " 01/01/2007 - "The reasons for this are the small effects of tacrine compared to placebo for all outcomes; the high incidence of adverse events; the lack of benefit observed in several trials; the use of cross-over designs and their associated methodological problems in a disease like dementia; the use of different measurement scales to assess outcome in different trials; and the problem of high dropout rates. " 01/01/2000 - "All unconfounded, double-blind, randomized trials in which treatment with tacrine was administered for more than a day and compared to placebo in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. "
3.	Tremor (Tremors) 02/01/2009 - "MP (48 mg/kg) was also effective in antagonizing tremulous jaw movements induced by tacrine, a validated test reproducing parkinsonian tremor. " 09/01/2004 - "Taken together, the results of this study indicate that A2A antagonists effectively reduce the magnitude of tremulous jaw movements induced in rats by acute tacrine, mainly by an action in VLS and suggest that A2A antagonists might be used as specific agents against parkinsonian tremor." 10/25/2006 - "Taken together, these results indicate that A(2A) antagonists reduce parkinsonian tremor stimulated in rats by tacrine and that the striatum is deeply involved in the observed effect. " 07/01/2006 - "In order to better define the role of 5-HT(1A) receptors in the modulation of extrapyramidal motor functions, we investigated the effect of 5-HT(1A) agonists on tacrine-induced tremulous jaw movements (TJM) in rats, a putative model of parkinsonian tremor. " 09/08/2005 - "These results indicate that the cholinergic tremor produced by tacrine in Balb/c mice is mediated via central serotonergic mechanisms, and stimulation of 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors plays a pivotal role in this motor dysfunction."
4.	Memory Disorders (Memory Loss) 02/01/2000 - "The avoidance-memory deficit caused by Sco 0.05-5 mumol.kg-1 or Atr 5 mumol.kg-1 was completely or partly attenuated by tacrine, which did not antagonize the memory deficit elicited by Sco and Atr 50 mumol.kg-1, AT3 5 and 50 mumol.kg-1, and Ani 50 mumol.kg-1. " 01/01/2000 - "The anticholinesterase drug tacrine (Tac) is known to have a beneficial effect on memory deficit in mice involving in the process the cholinergic system in the brain. " 02/26/1997 - "Systemic administration of tetrahydroaminoacridine at 1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p., ameliorated the memory deficits and EEG slowing induced by the basal forebrain lesion. " 06/01/1990 - "Electrolytic lesioning of the medial septum (MS) was used to assess the effectiveness of tacrine (THA) in reversing lesion-induced spatial memory deficits in a water-maze. " 09/01/1998 - "107 patients from the Bristol Memory Disorders Clinic took part in a double-blinded or open label trial of tacrine therapy for between 3 and 12 months or an open label trial of galanthamine therapy for 3 months. "
5.	Amnesia (Dissociative Amnesia) 11/01/1991 - "Chronic tacrine (0.1-3 mg/kg, passive avoidance task, or 0.3 mg/kg, water maze task, once a day for 1 week) improved BF lesion-induced amnesia in the passive avoidance and water maze tasks. " 09/01/1995 - "It is ten-fold more potent than tacrine in the amnesia-reversal assay and is considerably less toxic than tacrine." 04/22/1992 - "Tacrine (0.01-0.3 and 3 mg/kg), administered post-training, attenuated the acute amnesia but pre-retention test administration did not. " 10/01/2011 - "The results indicated that tacrine and bis(7)-tacrine improved the amnesia caused by CYH treatment. " 04/22/1992 - "In addition, NIK-247 (0.03, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and tacrine (0.03, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) administered before the retention test (7 days after CO exposure) improved retrieval in the delayed amnesia model. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	donepezil (Aricept)
2.	Acetylcholinesterase
3.	rivastigmine (Exelon)
4.	Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Anticholinesterases)
5.	Cholinesterases (Cholinesterase)
6.	Physostigmine
7.	amiridine (ipidacrine)
8.	huperzine A
9.	1,7- N- heptylene- bis- 9,9'- amino- 1,2,3,4- tetrahydroacridine
10.	Galantamine (Galanthamine)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Oral Administration
2.	Hormone Replacement Therapy (Therapy, Hormone Replacement)
3.	Investigational Therapies (Experimental Therapy)
4.	Kampo Medicine (Kampo)
5.	Communication Aids for Disabled (TDD)