Synovitis

Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.

Also Known As:

Synovial Hypertrophy; Synovial Thickening; Hypertrophies, Synovial; Hypertrophy, Synovial; Plica Syndrome, Synovial; Synovial Hypertrophies; Synovial Thickenings; Synovitides; Thickening, Synovial; Thickenings, Synovial; Plica Syndrome; Synovial Plica Syndrome

Networked: 4006 relevant articles (294 outcomes, 440 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Musculoskeletal Diseases: 719
- Joint Diseases: 6509
  - Synovitis: 4006

Related Diseases

1.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.	Pain (Aches)
3.	Arthritis (Polyarthritis)
4.	Osteitis
5.	Inflammation (Inflammations)

Experts

1.	Emery, Paul: 41 articles (01/2022 - 03/2002)
2.	Conaghan, Philip G: 30 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
3.	Østergaard, Mikkel: 27 articles (01/2022 - 06/2003)
4.	Kawakami, Atsushi: 18 articles (09/2022 - 02/2004)
5.	Wakefield, Richard J: 16 articles (01/2022 - 01/2003)
6.	Naredo, Esperanza: 15 articles (01/2022 - 11/2012)
7.	Hørslev-Petersen, Kim: 14 articles (01/2022 - 05/2006)
8.	Emery, P: 14 articles (12/2017 - 01/2000)
9.	Junker, Peter: 13 articles (01/2022 - 05/2006)
10.	Tak, Paul P: 13 articles (01/2016 - 08/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Synovitis:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 09/01/2006 - "He responded dramatically to low-dose corticosteroids, after which his synovitis remarkably improved as observed with DGEFS imaging. " 09/01/2011 - "Intra-articular corticosteroid (IAC) injection is a safe and rapidly effective treatment for synovitis in children with JIA. " 12/01/2020 - "Drug-free remission was defined as (1) non-use of DMARDs and corticosteroids, (2) Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) <2.6, and (3) no evidence of synovitis. " 10/01/2002 - "The synovitis was not improved by a local corticosteroid injection. " 04/01/2018 - "However, the use of DCE-MRI over conventional static CE-MRI cannot be justified when assessing the long-term changes in synovitis following an intervention with intra-articular corticosteroids/placebo and exercise (study III). "
2.	Antirheumatic Agents (DMARD)IBA 01/01/2019 - "Percentages of DMARD-free remission (absence of synovitis for ≥ 1 year after DMARD cessation), late flares (recurrence of clinical synovitis ≥ 1 year after DMARD cessation), and DMARD-free sustained remission (DMARD-free remission sustained during complete follow-up) were compared between both treatment strategies. " 12/23/2022 - "Although sustained DMARD-free remission (SDFR; sustained absence of clinical-synovitis after DMARD-discontinuation) is increasingly achievable in RA, prevalence differs between ACPA-negative (40%) and ACPA-positive RA (5-10%). " 10/01/2018 - "DMARD-free sustained remission, defined as the absence of clinical synovitis after DMARD cessation that persisted during the total follow-up, was assessed (median follow-up 3.8 years). " 10/01/2018 - "Although the painful stiffness in joints was improved l month later, synovitis remained partially 6 months after starting treatment of disease with anti-rheumatic drugs. " 07/01/2019 - "No differences in subclinical synovitis measured by US were found between patients with DMARD and anti-TNF-induced clinical remission."
3.	CytokinesIBA 06/01/2015 - "The purpose of this study was to determine the chronicity of the synovitis and the inflammatory cytokines present in the synovial fluid at an active stage of LCPD. " 05/01/2009 - "Cytokines are speculated to be involved in the progression and in vitro studies have confirmed the presence of elevated levels of cytokines in synovial tissue and cartilage from patients with haemophilic synovitis. " 01/01/1988 - "Recent studies on the cytokine profile of inflammatory synovitis have provided insight into the mechanisms of cellular activation in the inflamed joint. " 01/01/2023 - "Inflammatory cytokine levels, humoral immune response, synovitis, and T-cell activation were recorded. " 01/01/2023 - "Furthermore, IPA significantly reduced serum inflammatory cytokines expression, cartilage destruction and synovitis in vivo, demonstrating its protective role in OA progression. "
4.	Methotrexate (Mexate)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/2001 - "The results of randomized placebo controlled trials have shown that both agents significantly decrease the intensity of synovitis and prevent or retard the progression of cartilage destruction, especially when combined with methotrexate. " 01/01/2023 - "Retracted: Investigation on the Inhibitory Effect of Methotrexate on Rheumatoid Synovitis via the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway in a Rat Model." 01/01/2022 - "These results indicate that methotrexate can repair rheumatoid synovitis by inhibiting the inflammatory signaling pathway TLR4-NF-κB." 01/01/2022 - "The aim of this paper is to establish a rat model of rheumatoid synovitis and observe the inhibitory effect of methotrexate on this disease. " 01/01/2022 - "Investigation on the Inhibitory Effect of Methotrexate on Rheumatoid Synovitis via the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway in a Rat Model."
5.	Uric Acid (Urate)IBA 01/01/2021 - "However, 70% RA patients with normal serum uric acid showed mild synovitis and effusion (1+). " 11/01/2016 - "Two weeks later, sodium urate was injected into the right hip joint to induce synovitis. " 08/01/2010 - "In the second phase, the same data were gathered immediately before (0 hours) and 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 hours after induction of acute urate synovitis in the left stifle joint. " 04/01/2004 - "It is effective after prophylactic and therapeutic administration in attenuating lameness in dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. " 04/01/2004 - "In vivo efficacy was evaluated in male mixed-breed dogs with urate crystal-induced synovitis. "
6.	Analgesics (Analgesic Drugs)IBA 12/01/1992 - "Thus, joint tenderness and swelling, presumptive evidence of synovitis, may not be a priori indications for use of an antiinflammatory drug, or predict greater responsiveness to treatment with an antiinflammatory drug than to a pure analgesic, in symptomatic treatment of patients with knee OA." 01/01/2021 - "Models of transient synovitis that can be controlled with antiinflammatory and analgesic drugs have been used to study pain amelioration. " 07/01/1979 - "Comparative effectiveness of five analgesics for the pain of rheumatoid synovitis." 03/01/2017 - "Sonographic examination of affected joints revealed synovitis and the patient's articular symptoms were improved by analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment, including corticosteroids. " 03/01/2010 - "Analgesic efficacy of intra-articular morphine in experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis in horses."
7.	GlucocorticoidsIBA 07/01/2006 - "Studies have shown that intra-articular glucocorticoid injection treatment for knee synovitis has a better outcome in resting patients than in mobile patients. " 01/08/2014 - "Nearly half of the patients with RA in clinical remission had ultrasound-defined active synovitis, higher disease activity and less frequent oral glucocorticoid consumption than patients without active synovitis. " 07/01/2023 - "• For the treatment of refractory RA synovitis, biological agents combined with glucocorticoid injection are an effective and safe option." 05/01/2010 - "Importance of immobilization after intraarticular glucocorticoid treatment for elbow synovitis: a randomized controlled study." 07/01/2006 - "Further studies are therefore needed to clarify the mechanism behind the beneficial effects of rest after intra-articular glucocorticoid treatment for knee synovitis."
8.	Meloxicam (Mobic)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1997 - "Except for propulsion impulse at 24 hours, all GRF variables were significantly greater at all post-synovitis induction times in the group receiving the high meloxicam dose. " 12/01/2013 - "OA rats receiving intra-articular meloxicam treatment showed significantly less cartilage degeneration and synovitis than saline-treated controls. " 01/01/1999 - "Movalis has a significant antiinflammatory and analgetic effect, improved joint function, diminished severity of arthralgia and synovitis. " 09/01/2009 - "Early oral treatment with meloxicam ameliorates not only clinical signs and joint inflammation in acute synovitis, but may also limit inflammation-induced cartilage catabolism." 07/01/2011 - "The lowest efficacious dose of meloxicam for relieving pain in cats with an SU-induced synovitis was 0.05 mg kg(-1) day(-1) PO according to the pre-defined primary outcome measure. "
9.	amsonic acid (DAS)IBA 11/01/2019 - "Six out of 13 (46.1%) RA patients in remission, 7/14 (50%) with low disease activity and 18/32 (56.2%) with moderate disease activity (according to DAS-28 definition) had active synovitis as assessed by the MSK-US examination of their hands and feet. " 10/01/2014 - "This observational study confirms that many patients considered to be in clinical remission according the DAS and the ACR/EULAR definitions still have residual synovitis on US. " 01/01/2008 - "They were able to differentiate patients in remission from patients with active synovitis, according to DAS 28. " 01/01/2023 - "The highest predictive value of treatment failure was obtained with the combination of increased circulating SEMA4A and/or Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28-CRP > 3.2 and/or active synovitis on doppler ultrasound (HR 10.42, 95% CI 1.41-76.94). " 01/01/2023 - "We conducted a proof-of-concept, 12-week, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of obese RA patients (BMI ≥ 30) with 28-joint DAS (DAS28) ≥ 3.2 and with evidence of power Doppler synovitis. "
10.	Tumor Necrosis Factor InhibitorsIBA 02/01/2010 - "The goal of RA treatment today is to induce a complete remission as early as possible in the disease process, with the mantra being "elimination of synovitis equals elimination of joint destruction." The hope is that if the major mediators of Sjögren syndrome, SLE, or scleroderma can be identified and then blocked, as in the example of TNF inhibitors in patients with RA, more specific treatments will become available. " 02/01/2003 - "The goal of RA treatment today is to induce a complete remission as early as possible in the disease process, with the mantra being "elimination of synovitis equals elimination of joint destruction." The hope is that if the major mediators of Sjögren syndrome or SLE or scleroderma can be identified and then blocked, as in the example of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in RA, more specific treatments will become available. " 11/01/2005 - "Despite significant reductions in synovitis and inflammatory markers in these RA patients, arterial stiffness was not improved by 6 weeks of treatment with TNF antagonists. " 03/01/2017 - "Baseline DAS28 (P = 0.123), CRP level (P = 0.177), grayscale synovitis (P = 0.092), and power Doppler synovitis (P = 0.120) could not predict radiological damage in the TNF antagonist therapy group. " 12/01/2013 - "Our data also indicate that TNF antagonists can inhibit short-term radiographic progression in the presence of active synovitis."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2006 - "Despite emerging new treatments for synovitis, especially persistent synovitis, full clinical remission is still not achieved in most patients, and more research into disease processes and targeted therapies is required." 01/01/2018 - "The results of the study are as follows: (1) CRP, VAS, and DAS28 of all groups improved significantly post-therapy (p < 0.05); (2) After therapy, synovial hypertrophy (SH) decreased significantly from 4.40 ± 1.86 mm to 2.74 ± 1.88 mm (p < 0.05) and power Doppler (PD) signal decreased significantly from 2.63 ± 0.75 to 1.50 ± 0.93 (p < 0.01) in group A. " 09/01/2011 - "IAC therapy-induced sustained remission of synovitis in a substantial proportion of patients injected either in single or multiple joints, with a good safety profile. " 04/01/2007 - "At 6 months after therapy, synovial thickening of treated knees improved in 87.5% of patients (P<0.001), and synovial thicknesses were significantly decreased in treated knees (P=0.0067). " 07/01/2013 - "Multiple IAC injection therapy induced sustained remission of joint synovitis in a substantial proportion of patients. "
2.	Synovectomy 08/01/1997 - "Radiation synovectomy had an overall success rate of 75% (complete or almost complete remission of synovitis) initially, i.e. " 11/01/1989 - "With painful synovitis and decreased function, good results are obtained with synovectomy and radial head excision. " 01/01/1985 - "It is concluded that radio-synovectomy is an effective and safe procedure in those patients with rheumatoid synovitis of the knee joint without the presence of significant radiological damage and the absence of active systemic disease." 01/01/1989 - "Thus, arthroscopic synovectomy appears to be an effective and simple treatment for chronic knee synovitis, and has a low morbidity rate." 01/01/2013 - "Our study results showed that RS procedure combined with the surgical synovectomy is an effective and safe treatment method for the treatment of cases of chronic nonspecific synovitis which recurs despite medical treatment."
3.	Injections 12/01/2023 - "The IA use of bDMARDs seems to be weakly effective in the management of resistant synovitis and not superior to GCs injections. " 11/01/2022 - "Both PRP and CS injections were effective in improving MRI-detected FJ synovitis while concurrently improving all examined parameters at follow-up after 3 months. " 09/01/2011 - "RS is effective in treating haemophilic synovitis and may require 1-3 injections (RS-1, RS-2 and RS-3) spaced 6 months apart. " 04/01/2008 - "Our findings suggest that HA injections are effective in patients whose knees contain low levels of TN-C and C4S, reflecting an early stage of OA and limited synovitis." 05/01/2011 - "In this study, we looked into the potential relationship between the type of joint treated and the degree of synovitis present with the need of one or more further RSs, and we found that the knee requires more injections than the elbow or the ankle and that the more severe synovites require a higher number of RS procedures."
4.	Intra-Articular Injections 12/01/2019 - "Cartilage degeneration and synovitis in ACLT + PMM rats were significantly improved by intra-articular injections of Mg2+ (0.5 mol/L). " 05/01/2018 - "The clinical outcomes of the intra-articular injections of PRP are associated with improved synovial hypertrophy and vascularity scores, and less effusion." 01/01/2021 - "The study findings suggest intra-articular injection of HA may reduce the synovitis and improve the internal state of the TMJ in a short period." 10/12/2022 - "But intraarticular injection of uPA in biped rats induced significantly stronger articular cartilage damage, synovitis, and proliferation of synovial cells in the LFJ. " 01/01/2022 - "Intra-articular injection of PTX3 aggravated, while PTX3 neutralization reversed synovitis and cartilage degeneration. "
5.	Analgesia 01/01/2005 - "Analgesia was assessed as in Part I. Assessments occurred before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after the induction of synovitis. " 07/01/2022 - "Secondary outcome: radiological success was defined as significant improvement in the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score for knee synovitis considering the embolized areas at 12 months of follow-up after GAE and a reduction in the analgesia or other conservative therapies for knee pain used by the patient at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. " 01/01/2015 - "In localized, repeated synovitis in rats, sustained release of TCA following a single IA injection of FX006 significantly prolonged analgesia relative to TCA IR and significantly improved histological scores with no adverse effect on the HPA axis. " 01/01/2012 - "Efficacy of ABT-116, an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, in providing analgesia for dogs with chemically induced synovitis." 01/01/2005 - "Epidural ketamine at a dose of 2 mg kg(-1) administered after the development of synovitis does not provide significant levels of analgesia. "