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Surgical Wound Infection

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Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.

Also Known As:

Infection, Postoperative Wound; Infection, Surgical Wound; Wound Infection, Postoperative; Wound Infection, Surgical; Infections, Postoperative Wound; Infections, Surgical Wound; Postoperative Wound Infections; Surgical Wound Infections; Wound Infections, Postoperative; Wound Infections, Surgical; Postoperative Wound Infection

Networked: 716 relevant articles (60 outcomes, 87 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infection
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
3.	Appendicitis
4.	Wound Infection (Wound Infections)
5.	Urinary Tract Infections (Urinary Tract Infection)

Experts

1.	Sessler, Daniel I: 6 articles (06/2008 - 12/2002)
2.	Akça, Ozan: 4 articles (06/2008 - 12/2002)
3.	Kurz, Andrea: 4 articles (02/2006 - 06/2003)
4.	Rodríguez-Caravaca, Gil: 3 articles (11/2014 - 01/2010)
5.	Aguilar, Gerardo: 3 articles (03/2014 - 10/2005)
6.	Giacometti, A: 3 articles (08/2012 - 07/2002)
7.	Cirioni, O: 3 articles (08/2012 - 07/2002)
8.	Seco-Gil, J L: 3 articles (01/2007 - 01/2003)
9.	Sanchez-Manuel, F J: 3 articles (01/2007 - 01/2003)
10.	Lindholm, C: 3 articles (08/2006 - 05/2004)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Surgical Wound Infection:

1.	Anti-Bacterial Agents (Antibiotics)IBA 01/01/1993 - "Standard operative procedures, the use of parenteral antibiotics (the duration of which has been one to two days in most recent studies) effective against endogenous aerobic and anaerobic organisms and leaving the surgical incision open decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infection. " 01/01/2014 - "Specifically to determine:1. whether antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces the risk of surgical wound infection;2. the target spectrum of bacteria (aerobic or anaerobic bacteria, or both);3. the best timing and duration of antibiotic administration;4. the most effective route of antibiotic administration (intravenous, oral or both);5. whether any antibiotic is clearly more effective than the currently recommended gold standard specified in published guidelines;6. whether antibiotics should be given before or after surgery. " 01/30/1992 - "Randomized, controlled trials have shown that prophylactic antibiotics are effective in preventing surgical-wound infections. " 01/01/2007 - "It has been stated that antibiotics are unquestionably effective in preventing postoperative wound infections. " 10/01/1981 - "There was one postoperative wound infection, which cleared with appropriate antibiotics. "
2.	Metronidazole (Metric)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/1998 - "Postoperative wound infections occurred in 12% in the placebo group and 6% in the metronidazole group. " 11/01/1987 - "Fourteen of the 96 patients (14.6%) in the metronidazole group and 13 of the 94 in the placebo group (13.8%) developed postoperative wound infection. " 06/01/1983 - "[Metronidazole in the prevention and treatment of surgical wound infection (review of the literature)]." 01/01/1983 - "Six of the 72 patients (8.2%) developed postoperative wound infections: four of 42 (9.5%) who received placebo and two of 30 (6.6%) who received metronidazole (P = 0.54 by Fisher exact test). " 01/01/1978 - "The effect of metronidazole on the incidence of postoperative wound infection in elective colon surgery."
3.	Cefazolin (Ancef)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1980 - "In a prospective randomized and controlled double-blind trial the effect of prophylactic systemic administration of Cefazolin in elective colorectal surgery on postoperative wound infection was investigated. " 02/01/2005 - "Cefazolin, a time-dependent first-generation cephalosporin with non-linear binding to albumin, is widely recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis during liver surgery to decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infections. " 01/01/1992 - "Major postoperative wound infections were reduced in the cefazolin treated group (2.56 per cent versus 4.50 per cent). " 05/01/1981 - "Cefazolin prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection. " 03/01/2014 - "The use of cefazolin for surgical wound infection prophylaxis in bariatric surgery is recommended, however further studies are needed in order to refine parameters as initial dose, redose, moment of administration and lasting of prophylaxis."
4.	Cefoxitin (Cefoxitin Sodium)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1982 - "The cefoxitin tissue concentrations attained in myometrium, endometrium and salpinges justify controlled prospective clinical studies on the prevention of postoperative wound infections with this antibiotic." 05/01/1983 - "Postoperative wound infections were detected in 9.6% of the placebo-treated patients, whereas none occurred in the cefoxitin group. " 05/31/1988 - "A single 2 g preoperative dose of cefotetan was as safe and effective as multiple doses of cefoxitin in the reduction of postoperative wound infections after colorectal surgery." 04/01/1989 - "One hundred and ninety-five patients undergoing abdominal surgical procedures completed a multicentre, randomized, open-label study comparing the safety and efficacy of cefmetazole and cefoxitin for the prevention of postoperative wound infection. " 04/01/1989 - "In the surgical wound infection prophylaxis studies, multiple-dose cefmetazole therapy was more effective than multiple-dose cefoxitin therapy in patients undergoing lower gastrointestinal surgery; this difference approached statistical significance. "
5.	Povidone-Iodine (Betadine)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2012 - "Povidone-iodine, which is a highly effective broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, decreases the risk of postoperative surgical wound infection. " 08/01/1982 - "In a prospective randomized trial, the influence of irrigation of the subcutaneous tissue using povidone-iodine solution upon the development of postoperative wound infection was examined in 592 patients undergoing general surgical operative procedures. " 08/01/1982 - "Povidone-iodine irrigation of the subcutaneous tissue to prevent surgical wound infections." 03/01/1982 - "[Effect of povidone-iodine in the prevention of surgical wound infection in urology]." 10/01/1981 - "The effect of povidone-iodine on postoperative wound infection in abdominal surgery."
6.	CefamandoleIBA 09/01/1987 - "In the cefamandole study group, 27 patients (1.8 percent) developed postoperative wound infections (9 sternal and 18 leg wounds). " 03/01/1988 - "Among 49 patients receiving cefamandole, there were two postoperative wound infections and two distant site infections. " 11/01/1992 - "The efficacy of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid for prevention of postoperative wound infection was compared with that of cefamandole in 150 patients at risk for infected bile while undergoing elective biliary surgery in a prospective, randomized study. " 09/01/1987 - "The efficacy of cefamandole and cefuroxime in preventing postoperative wound infections was compared in 3037 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. " 09/01/1993 - "Cefamandole versus cefazolin in vascular surgical wound infection prophylaxis: cost-effectiveness and risk factors."
7.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination (Co-amoxiclav)FDA Link 03/01/1989 - "A total of 624 consecutive eligible patients undergoing abdominal operations received a single preoperative dose of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (1.2 g Augmentin) for the prophylaxis of surgical wound infection. " 03/01/1989 - "It is concluded that preincisional intraparietal injection is more effective than intravenous injection of Augmentin for the prophylaxis of surgical wound infection." 11/01/1992 - "The efficacy of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid for prevention of postoperative wound infection was compared with that of cefamandole in 150 patients at risk for infected bile while undergoing elective biliary surgery in a prospective, randomized study. " 04/01/1994 - "An observer blind trial of co-amoxiclav versus cefuroxime plus metronidazole in the prevention of postoperative wound infection after general surgery." 04/01/1994 - "A consecutive series of 509 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were entered into a randomized, observer and patient blind, controlled, prospective, study to evaluate the efficiency of co-amoxiclav ('Augmentin', SmithKline Beecham, UK) compared with cefuroxime ('Zinacef', Glaxo, UK) plus metronidazole (Flagyl, M&B, UK) for the prevention of postoperative wound infections. "
8.	Piperacillin FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2004 - "Efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of surgical wound infection after clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery." 09/01/2004 - "Piperacillin-tazobactam is a good choice of treatment as monotherapy for surgical wound infection after clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery." 09/01/2004 - "In this multicenter, prospective clinical trial, 70 patients with surgical wound infection received piperacillin-tazobactam. " 09/01/2004 - "Because these infections are typically polymicrobial, our study evaluated the safety and efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of surgical wound infection after clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery. " 04/22/2014 - "A 66-year-old male receiving intravenous piperacillin and nafcillin for a post-surgical wound infection developed intermittent myoclonic jerks of all four extremities that disappeared after discontinuation of these two medications. "
9.	tazobactam FDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2004 - "Efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of surgical wound infection after clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery." 09/01/2004 - "Piperacillin-tazobactam is a good choice of treatment as monotherapy for surgical wound infection after clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery." 09/01/2004 - "In this multicenter, prospective clinical trial, 70 patients with surgical wound infection received piperacillin-tazobactam. " 09/01/2004 - "Because these infections are typically polymicrobial, our study evaluated the safety and efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of surgical wound infection after clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery. " 06/01/2006 - "The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of a single pre-operative dose of piperacillin-tazobactam with placebo in preventing surgical wound infections and to determine the main risk factors associated with infections following two main elective surgical clean procedures such as hernia repair and breast surgery.A total of 501 patients undergoing elective inguinal/femoral hernia repair or breast surgery were enrolled in this prospective randomized clinical study. "
10.	Cefuroxime (Zinacef)FDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1995 - "No postoperative wound infection was seen under prophylaxis with cefuroxime. " 01/01/1996 - "These results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis with cefuroxime is associated with a low incidence of postoperative wound infection and is well tolerated in patients undergoing clean neurosurgery." 09/01/1987 - "In the cefuroxime treatment group, 19 patients (1.2 percent) developed postoperative wound infections (9 sternal and 10 leg wounds). " 09/01/1987 - "The efficacy of cefamandole and cefuroxime in preventing postoperative wound infections was compared in 3037 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. " 09/01/1987 - "Cefuroxime was found to be as effective as cefamandole and considerably less expensive in preventing postoperative wound infections in patients undergoing open-heart surgery."

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Antibiotic Prophylaxis 06/01/2005 - "Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing postoperative wound infections. " 01/01/1998 - "Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative wound infections. " 01/01/2014 - "Additional aerobic coverage and additional anaerobic coverage both showed statistically significant improvements in surgical wound infection rates (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.68 and RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.71, respectively), as did combined oral and intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis when compared to intravenous alone (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.74), or oral alone (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.76). " 04/01/2002 - "To determine the efficacy of topical antibiotic prophylaxis alone in preventing postoperative wound infection in a minor urologic clean procedure, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,654 patients who had undergone microsurgical varicocelectomy. " 10/01/2010 - "The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in reduction of postoperative wound infection in clean and clean contaminated procedures and to compare the cost of antibiotic prophylaxis in both groups. "
2.	Laryngectomy 07/01/2012 - "Prognostic significance of postoperative wound infections after total laryngectomy." 01/01/2010 - "Patients who need major head and neck surgery like laryngectomy are at risk of postoperative wound infection. " 01/01/2007 - "The complications with SCL were postoperative wound infection in two patients (SCL/CHP) and the need for completion total laryngectomy secondary to intractable aspiration in one patient with SCL/CHP. " 07/01/1980 - "A retrospective analysis revealed improved survival rates in laryngeal cancer patients who had postoperative wound infection following total laryngectomy and radical neck resection. " 09/01/2000 - "For clean-contaminated procedures, factors affecting postoperative wound infection rates were performance of bilateral neck dissections (P = 0.014), disease stage (P = 0.002), type of laryngectomy (P = 0.002), and history of prior tracheotomy (P = 0.006)."
3.	Neurosurgical Procedures 02/01/1985 - "It is most feasible to demonstrate the potential efficacy of perioperative antibiotics in clean neurosurgical procedures with the greatest risk of postoperative wound infection. " 03/01/2014 - "The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of betadine irrigation in preventing postoperative wound infection in cranial neurosurgical procedures. "
4.	Debridement 10/01/2004 - "Debridement was effective in all cases, and there were no postoperative wound infections. " 05/01/2015 - "One patient (25%) developed a postoperative wound infection after PSF which required irrigation and debridement in the operating room. " 12/01/2014 - "We hypothesize that repeat visits to the operating room for debridements can be avoided by aggressive debridements and primary closure with continuous irrigation and drainage for postoperative wound infections. " 11/01/2014 - "Pediatric patients in the present cohort with postoperative wound infections requiring surgical debridement had higher surgical failure rates after OC fusion. " 10/01/2014 - "One patient developed postoperative wound infection that required additional operative debridement and revision of hardware. "
5.	Sutures (Suture) 04/01/2011 - "The analysis revealed the relation between postoperative wound infection and its topography, the type of fat tissue drainage (if done), and skin suture. " 09/01/2009 - "Postoperative wound infection and corneal graft rejection are examples of possible suture related complications. " 09/01/2002 - "Risk of surgical wound infection was increased by smoking, higher body mass index, presence of malignancy, haematoma formation, increasing numbers of people in theatre, adherent dressing usage, and higher times to suture removal (P<0.05). " 03/01/1983 - "The bacterial challenge, designed to simulate a surgical wound infection, consisted of a Klebsiella pneumoniae-laden suture. " 01/01/1983 - "Significant associated factors include postoperative wound infection and the suture material used. "