Sunscreening Agents (Sunscreens)

08/01/2009 - "As sunscreens do not provide complete protection against solar/UV radiation, alternative protective strategies are necessary to cope with the increasing incidence of skin cancer. "
07/01/1981 - "Prevention of long-term UVR effects on skin is a desirable goal; development of personal UVR dosimeters will aid in defining the quantitative nature of the problem; improved sunscreens should provide the means to achieve significant reduction in the incidence of UVR-induced human skin cancer."
01/01/2003 - "Sunscreens are widely advocated to protect against skin cancer but if they offer insufficient protection against immunosuppression they may inadvertently increase skin cancer risk. "
11/01/2005 - "This article reviews the efficacy of sunscreens in the prevention of epithelial and nonepithelial skin cancer, the effect on immunosuppression and the value of the SPF as well as new developments on the sunscreen market."
12/01/2007 - "Targeting mutant p53 shows promise for sunscreens and skin cancer."

08/01/2001 - "Sunscreens were found to confer significantly less protection against UV-induced immunosuppression than against UV-induced erythema."
01/01/2002 - "This means that sunscreens which mainly absorb UVB (protection against erythema) may be less effective in preventing UVR-induced immunosuppression than broad-spectrum products. "
11/01/2001 - "This means sunscreens that mainly absorb ultraviolet B (protection against erythema) may be less effective in preventing ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression than broad-spectrum products. "
01/01/2001 - "Moreover, the protective effects of sunscreens against erythema and DNA damage also show wide interindividual variation. "
04/01/2000 - "Several studies have indicated that sunscreens that are designed to protect against erythema failed to give comparable protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression. "

11/03/2010 - "However, most studies show little or no effect and the most likely reason for this is that sunscreens have not been applied in the manner that was used to determine their labelled index of protection against sunburn. "
03/01/2010 - "Sunscreens containing metal oxide nanoparticles appear transparent on the skin and provide excellent protection against sunburn caused by UV radiation. "
06/01/2012 - "Evidently, use of sunscreens is effective in prevention of sunburns in various models. "
01/01/1994 - "Limited sun exposure and proper use of sunscreens are the mainstay of treatment for prevention of sunburn. "
11/01/2009 - "RCM may therefore be used for classification of sunburn reaction and to test the efficacy of sunscreens on a cellular level."

11/01/2009 - "Despite the lack of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of modern sunscreens in preventing melanoma, it is argued that it would be irresponsible not to encourage their use, along with other sun protection strategies, as a means of combating the year-on-year rise in melanoma incidence."
08/01/2005 - "It is reasonable to suppose that the improvement in performance of modern sunscreens will lead to a worthwhile benefit as a preventative agent against melanoma, although these benefits may not be seen for several decades."
01/01/2015 - "Twenty-one studies including 7150 malignant melanoma cases about sunscreens use with the risk of malignant melanoma were included in this meta-analysis. "
06/01/2012 - "(1) the utilization of sunscreens with UV-filters is increasing worldwide; (2) the incidence of the malignant disorder for which sunscreens should protect, malignant melanoma, is rapidly increasing and (3) an increasing number of experimental studies indicating that several UV-filters might have endocrine disruptive effects. "
12/01/2011 - "The effect of sunscreens on melanoma risk prevention has been reported in an Australian study. "

02/01/1990 - "The most effective protection against excessive exposure to sunlight is the use of sunscreens, although inadequate application and poor protection in the UVA spectrum may diminish their effectiveness and contact allergies may create other problems. "
05/01/2008 - "We sought to study the effects of UVA exposure on human delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and compare the efficacy of sunscreens having different levels of sun-protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection against both solar-simulated radiation and outdoor real-life sunlight exposure conditions. "
11/01/2001 - "In order to compare the efficacy of sunscreens in preventing photoimmunosuppression, three groups of subjects received 10 cumulative exposures to solar-simulated radiation; one group was exposed unprotected and the other two were exposed after being applied either a ultraviolet B or a broad-spectrum sunscreen, each with the same sun protection factor 9, but with different ultraviolet A protection factors 9 and 2. Then, an outdoor study was conducted in which delayed-type hypersensitivity was assessed before and after six daily exposures. "
04/01/2003 - "Efficacy of broad-spectrum sunscreens against the suppression of elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in humans depends on the level of ultraviolet A protection."
01/01/2002 - "We have studied the effects of UVA exposure on the human delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTH) and compared the efficacy of sunscreens having different levels of UVA protection under both solar-simulated radiation (SSR) chronic exposures or acute exposure and outdoor real-life solar exposure conditions. "