Aphthous Stomatitis (Aphthous Ulcer)

A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)

Also Known As:

Networked: 760 relevant articles (71 outcomes, 116 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Erythema Nodosum
3.	HIV Infections (HIV Infection)
4.	Oral Ulcer (Mouth Ulcer)
5.	Ulcer

Experts

1.	Thornhill, M H: 5 articles (10/2014 - 05/2002)
2.	Scully, Crispian: 4 articles (09/2012 - 05/2003)
3.	Chiang, C P: 4 articles (10/2001 - 04/2000)
4.	Sun, A: 4 articles (10/2001 - 04/2000)
5.	Fortune, F: 3 articles (11/2014 - 11/2006)
6.	Yigit, Serbulent: 3 articles (03/2014 - 08/2013)
7.	Karakus, Nevin: 3 articles (03/2014 - 08/2013)
8.	Jiang, Xiao-Wen: 3 articles (11/2013 - 12/2008)
9.	Volkov, Ilia: 3 articles (01/2009 - 06/2005)
10.	Lin, Mei: 3 articles (01/2009 - 10/2006)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Aphthous Stomatitis:

1.	Thalidomide (Thalomid)FDA Link 07/01/1990 - "Most of the patients who did not achieve a complete remission had a dramatic improvement with regard to the number of aphthae when they were receiving thalidomide. " 09/01/1993 - "A child affected by giant recurrent aphthous ulcers was treated successfully over the long term with thalidomide, with no adverse reactions or reduction of therapeutic efficacy. " 09/01/1987 - "A 48-year-old man with a 27-year history of debilitating recurrent aphthous stomatitis major and pustular skin lesions was treated successfully with thalidomide. " 07/01/1990 - "We concluded that thalidomide in a dosage of 100 mg/d is an effective treatment of severe aphthous stomatitis but is not without some risk." 06/01/2003 - "Recent studies documented the analgesic efficacy of thalidomide in treating painful mucocutaneous aphthous ulcers associated with HIV syndrome and Behcet's disease.However"
2.	amlexanox (Aphthasol)FDA Link 11/01/1997 - "Five percent Amlexanox oral paste is a novel treatment for aphthous ulcers. " 11/01/1997 - "Amlexanox oral paste: a novel treatment that accelerates the healing of aphthous ulcers." 02/01/1997 - "5% amlexanox oral paste, a new treatment for recurrent minor aphthous ulcers: II. Pharmacokinetics and demonstration of clinical safety." 02/01/2006 - "The study was designed to determine the efficacy of OraDisc (active component 2 mg amlexanox) on the prevention of aphthous ulcers treated at the prodromal stage. " 09/01/2013 - "The primary objective of the following study is to determine and secondary objective is to compare the efficacy and safety of 5% amlexanox oral paste in the treatment of recurrent minor aphthous ulcers and also to evaluate the recurrence rate of aphthous ulcers over a period of 1 year. "
3.	irsogladineIBA 12/01/2001 - "[A case of idiopathic relapsing aphthous stomatitis which was effectively treated by irsogladine maleate]." 02/01/1999 - "Irsogladine maleate, which reinforces gap junctional intercellular communication in vitro, was effective for the treatment of transient and relapsing aphthous stomatitis, as well as symptomatic and drug-induced aphthous stomatitis. " 01/01/2008 - "The improvement in gap-junctional intercellular communication by irsogladine may contribute to the treatment of aphthous stomatitis in patients with BD. " 06/01/2013 - "Within 1-2 weeks after development of aphthous stomatitis, 4 mg irsogladine maleate was orally administered daily to all patients and the therapeutic and adverse effects of irsogladine maleate were examined on every week. " 03/01/2010 - "Irsogladine Maleate in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a pilot study."
4.	Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/2008 - "Cyanocobalamin may be beneficial in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers even when vitamin B12 levels are normal." 11/01/2008 - "To evaluate the efficacy of cyanocobalamin treatment in patients having recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs) with normal or decreased serum vitamin B12 (cobalamin) levels. " 07/01/2015 - "The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Helicobacter pylori causes or triggers recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) through cytokine gene polymorphism and/or cobalamin deficiency. " 06/01/2015 - "In conclusion, the results of this research study provide evidence that vitamin B12 is an effective analgesic treatment for aphthous ulcers. " 09/01/2009 - "Re: Effectiveness of vitamin B(12) in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial."
5.	Levamisole (Decaris)FDA Link 03/01/1978 - "A randomized double-blind trial of levamisole in the therapy of recurrent aphthous stomatitis." 03/01/1978 - "The results obtained confirm previous studies that levamisole has a beneficial effect on the symptoms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and is well-tolerated." 03/01/1978 - "In a pilot study as well as in a double-blind placebo-controlled study, 21 patients suffering from recurrent aphthous stomatitis were treated with the immunotherapeutic agent, levamisole. " 03/12/1977 - "One hundred and twenty-four patients who had had recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) for two to 53 years took part in three studies to assess the effectiveness of levamisole and determine an adequate regimen. " 05/01/2011 - "Levamisole is used as an immunomodulating medication in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. "
6.	TabletsIBA 12/15/2015 - "Shuanghua Baihe tablets (SBT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula which has been used to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis for many years. " 08/15/1958 - "The treatment of aphthous stomatitis with Lactobacillus tablets." 10/01/1984 - "[Clinical evaluation of sebidin tablets in the treatment of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis and selected cases of stomatitis]." 01/01/2009 - "A clinical evaluation of amlexanox oral adhesive pellicles in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and comparison with amlexanox oral tablets: a randomized, placebo controlled, blinded, multicenter clinical trial." 10/01/2006 - "100 cases of recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) were randomly divided into two groups, 55 cases in the experimental group who were given traditional Chinese medicine Zhong tong'an capsules combined with dexamethasone tablets, while 45 cases in the control group who were given dexamethasone tablets alone. "
7.	Sucralfate (Carafate)FDA LinkGeneric 11/01/1989 - "Sucralfate, as used in this study, was not found to be effective in the treatment of aphthous ulcers." 11/01/2002 - "Add sucralfate to list of aphthous ulcer treatments." 09/01/2001 - "Liquid sucralfate in the management of aphthous ulcers." 01/01/1995 - "Sucralfate for aphthous ulcers." 09/01/1994 - "Sucralfate suspension as a treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis."
8.	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)IBA 05/01/1996 - "In a preliminary study on anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antibody (Ab) by ELISA, the serum anti-HCMV/IgG Ab concentrations in 22 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) in the remission stage were found to be significantly higher than in 22 control subjects (121 +/- 42 vs 100 +/- 27, P < 0.05) and in 39 patients with RAU in the active stage (121 +/- 42 vs 88 +/- 45, P < 0.01). " 01/01/2015 - "The levels of specific immunoglobulin G in six different herpesviruses in serum samples collected from 54 BS, 28 healthy controls (HC), and 7 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients were investigated. " 12/01/2005 - "Pylori antibody (IgG), and it is probable that these bacteria are not involved in recurrent oral aphthous ulcers." 11/01/1996 - "Immunoglobulin G subclass measurements in recurrent aphthous stomatitis." 01/01/1992 - "Serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses were examined in 71 adult patients with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (MiRAS). "
9.	Tissue Adhesives (Tissue Adhesive)IBA 01/01/1970 - "[Treatment of aphthae with tissue adhesives. " 03/01/2001 - "Our clinical trials indicate that these novel tissue adhesives could be used as nonprescription, over-the-counter devices to provide significant pain relief for patients suffering from aphthous ulcers." 03/01/2001 - "In the first study, the investigators applied the tissue adhesive to the aphthous ulcers; in the second trial, the subjects themselves applied the tissue adhesive to their ulcers. " 04/01/2000 - "A device to standardize imaging was coupled with a digital intraoral camera to investigate the efficacy of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (OC) tissue adhesives on the healing of minor aphthous ulcers. "
10.	rebamipideIBA 01/01/2003 - "Efficacy of rebamipide as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of recurrent oral aphthous ulcers in patients with Behçet's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study." 01/01/2003 - "We prospectively investigated the efficacy of rebamipide, a gastroprotective drug, against oral aphthous ulcers in BD patients. " 11/01/2014 - "However, rebamipide is suggested to be well tolerated and may therefore be useful in the treatment and prevention of frequently recurrent aphthous ulcers not restricted to Behcet's disease." 01/01/2003 - "Rebamipide is therefore recommended as a long-term treatment for recurrent oral aphthous ulcers." 01/01/2003 - "During months 2 to 6 of treatment, aphthae count tended to increase and reached a peak at month 4 in the placebo group but decreased in the rebamipide group. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Lasers (Laser) 06/01/1986 - "[Clinical study of treatment of recurrent aphthae with the (He-Ne) laser]." 09/01/2012 - "Low-intensity red lasers are proposed for treatment of oral aphthous ulcers based on biostimulative effects. " 10/01/2010 - "Clinical evaluation of low-level laser treatment for recurring aphthous stomatitis." 01/01/2000 - "Seventy-five patients with relapsing aphthous stomatitis (41 with the fibrinous form, 25 with glandular form, and 9 with necrotic form) were treated using He-Ne laser and a photosensitizer. " 08/01/1996 - "Aphthous ulcers and lasers."
2.	Gas Lasers 12/30/2013 - "A clinical efficacy of using CO2 laser irradiating to transparent gel on aphthous stomatitis patients." 08/01/2013 - "CO2 laser therapy in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) provides immediate pain relief sustained over 24 h, along with accelerated healing time." 07/01/2009 - "Relieving pain in minor aphthous stomatitis by a single session of non-thermal carbon dioxide laser irradiation." 12/30/2013 - "The CO2 laser therapy used in this clinical study was able to relieve pain from aphthous stomatitis compared with the placebo on the day 3 after treatment." 12/30/2013 - "Regarding the laser energy delivery with non-tissue alteration when irradiating CO2 laser to the transparent gel, it was worth exploring the clinical efficacy of pain relief on oral ulceration using aphthous stomatitis as a model for painful oral ulcer. "
3.	Tonsillectomy 12/01/2013 - "Three of the nine patients had recurrent episodes of aphthous stomatitis without fever after tonsillectomy. " 07/01/2011 - "To seek evidence supporting a role for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy in the management of affected children with periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharnygitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. " 05/01/2008 - "The role of tonsillectomy in management of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenopathy: Unanswered questions." 01/01/2008 - "To examine the efficacy of tonsillectomy in ameliorating symptoms and preventing recurrence of episodes in children with PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis). " 01/01/2014 - "Tonsillectomy for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA)."
4.	Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) 05/01/2014 - "The aim of the study was to determine whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an analgesic effect in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). " 01/01/2015 - "Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers: a systematic review." 02/01/2014 - "One focused on the effectiveness of LLLT for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. " 03/01/2013 - "Low level laser therapy in the treatment of aphthous ulcer." 02/01/2014 - "LLLT was effective in relieving pain and reducing the healing time during the treatment of aphthous ulcers."
5.	Cautery 12/01/1998 - "An evaluation of a chemical cautery agent and an anti-inflammatory ointment for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a pilot study." 09/01/2005 - "Silver nitrate cautery in aphthous stomatitis: a randomized controlled trial." 07/01/2014 - "In conclusion, silver nitrate cautery appears to be an effective and rapid treatment option for pain relief in aphthous stomatitis. " 07/01/2014 - "In this study we compared silver nitrate cautery with placebo to assess the effect of silver nitrate cautery in aphthous stomatitis for pain relief and healing time. "