Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

A variant of bullous erythema multiforme. It ranges from mild skin and mucous membrane lesions to a severe, sometimes fatal systemic disorder. Ocular symptoms include ulcerative conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis, uveitis, and sometimes blindness. The cause of the disease is unknown.

Also Known As:

Networked: 1014 relevant articles (28 outcomes, 51 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Lyell's Syndrome)
2.	Multiple Myeloma
3.	Graft vs Host Disease (Graft-Versus-Host Disease)
4.	Bipolar Disorder (Mania)
5.	Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (Cicatricial Pemphigoid)

Experts

1.	Hung, Shuen-Iu: 19 articles (12/2015 - 04/2004)
2.	Kinoshita, Shigeru: 19 articles (10/2015 - 10/2002)
3.	Sotozono, Chie: 19 articles (10/2015 - 10/2002)
4.	Chung, Wen-Hung: 18 articles (12/2015 - 04/2004)
5.	Ueta, Mayumi: 16 articles (10/2015 - 02/2007)
6.	Kaniwa, Nahoko: 13 articles (10/2015 - 11/2008)
7.	Saito, Yoshiro: 12 articles (10/2015 - 11/2008)
8.	Chen, Yuan-Tsong: 12 articles (09/2013 - 04/2004)
9.	Aihara, Michiko: 10 articles (10/2015 - 11/2008)
10.	Inatomi, Tsutomu: 10 articles (04/2012 - 10/2002)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome:

1.	Immunoglobulins (Immunoglobulin)IBA 04/01/2015 - "Non-drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome successfully treated with high-dose i.v. immunoglobulin." 06/01/2011 - "Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of childhood Stevens Johnson syndrome." 01/01/2009 - "Intravenous immunoglobulin-induced, non-eczematous, vesiculobullous eruptions in Stevens-Johnson syndrome." 07/01/2004 - "Successful intravenous human immunoglobulin treatment of drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a dog." 02/01/2004 - "We describe the prophylactic use of intravenous immunoglobulin to prevent Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a woman undergoing cardiac catheterization with a previous history of four episodes of Stevens-Johnson after receiving intravenous contrast dye."
2.	Intravenous Immunoglobulins (IVIG)FDA Link 12/01/2013 - "We sought to evaluate whether the use of IVIg improved mortality in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/TEN overlap and TEN. " 08/01/2012 - "The authors report a case of Stevens Johnson syndrome in association with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a 5-y- old girl who recovered with IvIg therapy." 01/01/1995 - "Treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome with pooled human intravenous immune globulin." 08/01/2013 - "Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is generally thought to be of relatively low risk for adverse events and some experts consider this to be the best treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. " 01/01/2015 - "Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with Stevens-Johnson syndrome."
3.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 03/01/1992 - "To confirm that corticosteroids are beneficial in the treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 15 patients with the syndrome were evaluated by the same group of physicians over 2 years. " 02/01/1995 - "Although the use of corticosteroids for Stevens-Johnson syndrome has recently been controversial, we thought that administration of corticosteroids was an effective treatment for some selective cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. " 12/01/1994 - "Corticosteroids have been shown to be helpful in the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. " 07/01/2006 - "She had a history of Stevens-Johnson syndrome at age 10 years old and was treated with corticosteroids. " 11/01/2000 - "Counterpoint to the use of systemic corticosteroids in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome."
4.	Ophthalmic Solutions (Eye Drops)IBA 09/01/2011 - "To compare the concentrations of epitheliotrophic factors in autologous serum eye drops (ASE) prepared from sera of chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) patients with dry eyes to those prepared from non-autoimmune dry eye controls and to study the stability of the epitheliotrophic factors in different storage conditions. " 09/01/2011 - "Stability of epitheliotrophic factors in autologous serum eye drops from chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome dry eye compared to non-autoimmune dry eye." 01/01/2010 - "In severe cases, such as Sjoegren's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, therapy with artificial tears can be insufficient to relieve severe discomfort. " 07/01/2015 - "In severe cases, such as Sjogren's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, therapy with artificial tears is often insufficient to relieve severe discomfort, prevent progressive ocular surface disease, or enable visual rehabilitation by corneal transplantation. " 07/01/1996 - "Fourteen eyes of 11 patients with cicatricial keratoconjunctivitis (seven patients with cicatricial pemphigoid and four with Stevens-Johnson syndrome; average age +/- S.D., 55.5 +/- 25.4 years) were treated with a combination of allograft limbal transplantation, amniotic membrane transplantation, and tarsorrhaphy, followed every 15 minutes by artificial tears derived from the patient's blood serum. "
5.	lenalidomide (CC 5013)FDA Link 12/01/2013 - "Although lenalidomide therapy was initiated, it had to be discontinued because of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which occurred during the second course of treatment. " 06/01/2010 - "Lenalidomide: Stevens-Johnson syndrome." 06/01/2013 - "Long-term complete remission in a multiple myeloma patient after Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to lenalidomide therapy." 03/01/2012 - "Stevens-Johnson syndrome after lenalidomide therapy for multiple myeloma: a case report and a review of treatment options." 09/01/2011 - "Thus, we believe this to be the first published case report of a patient who developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome while receiving lenalidomide for induction therapy for multiple myeloma. "
6.	lamotrigine (Lamictal)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1997 - "During lamotrigine's premarketing clinical trials, the manufacturer reported several cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and TEN. " 11/01/2013 - "We present a case where the patient developed Stevens - Johnson Syndrome three weeks after being started on Lamotrigine. " 11/01/2013 - "Stevens Johnson Syndrome associated with Lamotrigine." 01/01/2012 - "Lamotrigine should be slowly titrated to avoid severe skin disorders such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome." 07/01/2007 - "The incidence of developing Stevens-Johnson syndrome during lamotrigine therapy is low. "
7.	Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2008 - "[Ocular surface disease due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome treated with oral cyclosporin]." 10/01/2010 - "Open trial of ciclosporin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis." 09/01/2013 - "Cyclosporine in Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis and retrospective comparison with systemic corticosteroid." 04/01/2013 - "To evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporine 0.05% (CsA) eye drops in patients with Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) who had chronic dry eye. " 04/01/2013 - "Efficacy of cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops in Stevens Johnson syndrome with chronic dry eye."
8.	SteroidsIBA 10/01/2013 - "Question 2: Would systemic steroids be useful in the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?" 01/01/2005 - "Controversy in the use of high-dose systemic steroids in the acute care of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome." 03/01/2015 - "To review the evidence for the use of steroids in adults presenting with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), or overlap. " 02/01/1995 - "While the clinical picture in the 16 patients reported in the literature and the current case report differed from the classical form of erythema multiforme, a similar pattern of presentation and outcome appeared in all patients reviewed, suggesting that the combination of phenytoin, cranial irradiation and the gradual reduction of concomitant steroids seem to lead to the development of erythema multiforme and/or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. " 01/01/2010 - "The patient was initially treated for Stevens-Johnson syndrome with steroids, antihistamines and proton pump inhibitors and fully recovered. "
9.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2006 - "Corticosteroid therapy with methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) for the presumed Stevens-Johnson syndrome was started and her condition improved in several days; she became afebrile and her skin lesions gradually disappeared. " 05/31/1996 - "Because of a drug induced Stevens-Johnson-Syndrome one month earlier high doses of methylprednisolone (100 mg/d intravenously) had been administered. " 09/01/2006 - "We present the case of a 35-year old patient with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous treated with prednisone who developed a Stevens-Johnson syndrome and was treated with methylprednisolone." 09/01/2013 - "Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical evaluation and analysis of biomarkers." 03/01/2015 - "EMBASE (1974 to April 2014), MEDLINE (1946 to April 2014), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to January 2014) were searched using the terms: prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, steroids, glucocorticoids, corticosteroids, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and SJS/TEN overlap. "
10.	Minoxidil (Rogaine)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2007 - "The diagnosis of minoxidil-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) was established, minoxidil was discontinued and the patient subsequently improved. " 01/01/2007 - "Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with oral minoxidil: a case report." 10/01/1981 - "Minoxidil-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome." 04/01/2009 - "The most frequent adverse events associated with minoxidil include hypertrichosis and cardiovascular events related to its powerful antihypertensive effect, and less frequently, rashes, bullous eruptions, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Contact Lenses 09/01/2010 - "To evaluate the efficacy of scleral contact lenses use on the management of ocular sequelae from Stevens-Johnson syndrome patients. " 09/01/2010 - "Scleral contact lenses represent an important and accessible alternative to reduce the limitations inferred by the damages from Stevens-Johnson syndrome." 09/01/2010 - "In a retrospective study, patients who suffered sequelae of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and started the use of scleral contact lenses were followed. " 11/01/2014 - "To evaluate the therapeutic benefits of tear-exchangeable, limbal, rigid contact lenses (limbal CLs) in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome- or toxic epidermal necrolysis-associated ocular sequelae. " 01/01/1998 - "Four case reports are presented in which serious visual impairment was remediated with the application of scleral contact lenses: kerataconus, Terriens marginal degeneration, penetrating keratoplasty from Fuchs' dystrophy, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. "
2.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 01/01/2015 - "Diagnostic Delay and Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in a Child With Atypical Stevens-Johnson Syndrome." 12/01/2012 - "Successful treatment of acute ocular involvement in Stevens-Johnson syndrome with amniotic membrane transplantation: a case report." 02/01/2010 - "To report the in vivo confocal microscopic findings of migrated melanocytes onto the central cornea in a patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome who received ocular surface reconstruction by amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). " 06/01/2009 - "Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a liver transplant recipient." 06/01/2008 - "Mycoplasma pneumoniae and atypical Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient."
3.	Penetrating Keratoplasty 07/01/2011 - "Common preoperative diagnoses were penetrating keratoplasty failure in 49 eyes (90.7%), chronic keratitis in 2 eyes (3.7%), ocular cicatricial pemphigoid in 1 eye (1.85%), Stevens Johnson syndrome in 1 eye (1.85%) and corneal vascularization in 1 eye (1.85%). " 02/01/2010 - "Ocular surface disorders like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, chemical burns, and ocular cicatrical pemphigoid render the eye inamenable to penetrating keratoplasty. " 01/01/2005 - "The indications for a tarsorrhaphy were exposure keratopathy (27.8%), persistent epithelial defect associated with penetrating keratoplasty (38.8%), neurotrophic ulcer (11.1%), dry eye syndrome (5.6%), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (11.1%), and chemical burn (5.6%). " 12/01/2012 - "The OOKP (osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis) is the treatment of choice for conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, trachoma, multiple failed grafts and chemical burns which are not amenable to penetrating keratoplasty. " 04/01/1995 - "The outcome of successful penetrating keratoplasty (PK) typically is poor in eyes with end-stage chronic cicatrizing conjunctival diseases such as ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis due to immunologically driven conjunctival inflammation associated with conjunctival cicatrization and lid abnormalities, severe dry eye, and extensive corneal neovascularization. "
4.	Trabeculectomy (Trabeculoplasty) 11/01/2008 - "Autologous serum eye drops have been reported to be effective for the treatment of severe dry eye-related ocular surface disorders (Sjögren's syndrome), and also other entities such as superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, graft-versus-host disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, recurrent or persistent corneal erosions, neurotrophic keratopathy, Mooren's ulcer, aniridic keratopathy, filtering blebs after trabeculectomy, and post-keratorefractive surgery. "
5.	Transplants (Transplant) 08/01/2014 - "Preoperative diagnoses were failed grafts in 16 eyes (53.33%), chemical injury in 10 eyes (33.33%) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 4 eyes (13.33%). " 08/01/2014 - "Of the 17 patients (20 laminae), 1 underwent MOOKP procedure following multiple graft failures, 6 (7 laminae) belonged to the chemical injury group, and 10 (12 laminae) to the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) group. " 01/01/2014 - "Two young women with completely dry and keratinised eyes post-Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) underwent unilateral oral mucous membrane grafts (MMGs) in preparation for modified osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis (MOOKP) implantation. " 11/01/2013 - "To describe clinical outcomes of complications afflicting the autologous oral mucous membrane graft after modified osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis surgery in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). " 02/01/2012 - "To evaluate minor salivary glands and labial mucous membrane graft in patients with severe symblepharon and dry eye secondary to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). "