Sporotrichosis

The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound with SPOROTHRIX.

Also Known As:

Sporothrix schenckii Infection; Infection, Sporothrix; Infection, Sporothrix brasiliensis; Infection, Sporothrix schenckii; Sporothrix Infections; Sporothrix brasiliensis Infections; Sporothrix schenckii Infections; Sporotrichoses; Sporothrix Infection; Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection

Networked: 519 relevant articles (71 outcomes, 60 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Infections
2.	Aspergillosis
3.	Histoplasmosis
4.	Blastomycosis
5.	Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis)

Experts

1.	Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo: 15 articles (08/2022 - 03/2007)
2.	Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely Maria: 14 articles (08/2022 - 06/2004)
3.	Carlos, Iracilda Zeppone: 13 articles (05/2022 - 01/2006)
4.	Lopes-Bezerra, Leila M: 12 articles (01/2019 - 03/2008)
5.	Pereira, Sandro Antonio: 11 articles (08/2022 - 01/2011)
6.	Rozental, Sonia: 11 articles (06/2022 - 01/2015)
7.	Batista-Duharte, Alexander: 11 articles (05/2022 - 02/2015)
8.	de Camargo, Zoilo Pires: 9 articles (08/2022 - 01/2011)
9.	Cleff, Marlete Brum: 9 articles (09/2021 - 10/2008)
10.	Ferreira, Lucas Souza: 9 articles (11/2019 - 07/2012)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Sporotrichosis:

1.	Itraconazole (Sporanox)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/2023 - "Direct microscopy is important for the diagnosis of sporotrichosis, and itraconazole is a safe and effective treatment option." 11/01/1989 - "Third, it suggests that itraconazole has significant promise in treating systemic sporotrichosis." 04/01/2015 - "The first therapeutic choice for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis is oral itraconazole; however, the increase in cases of zoonotic transmission outbreak necessitates a search for effective and safe treatment alternatives. " 01/01/2008 - "Intermittent or pulsed itraconazole was effective in treating cutaneous sporotrichosis. " 05/01/1992 - "These results show that itraconazole represents a safe and effective drug for the treatment of sporotrichosis. "
2.	Potassium Iodide (Pima)FDA Link 04/01/1996 - "Patients with culture-confirmed cutaneous sporotrichosis were entered in a randomized, nonblinded study to compare the safety and efficacy of qd vs. tid dosage of SSKI. " 11/01/2017 - "In this article, we report a 60-year-old female with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis that responded well to potassium iodide. " 03/01/2005 - "In all, 304 cases of sporotrichosis confirmed by fungal culture, histopathologic examination, and/or remission of lesions with potassium iodide were reviewed. " 04/01/2015 - "New posology of potassium iodide for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis: study of efficacy and safety in 102 patients." 09/01/1989 - "This study was undertaken to examine the effects of immunization with Sporothrix schenckii and oral potassium iodide (KJ) administration on the chemiluminescence (CL) response of mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in experimental murine sporotrichosis. "
3.	Terbinafine (Lamisil)FDA LinkGeneric 01/01/2014 - "Terbinafine has been observed to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. " 02/01/2004 - "Both doses of terbinafine were well-tolerated and effective for the treatment of sporotrichosis. " 11/01/2009 - "Terbinafine (250 mg/day): an effective and safe treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis." 02/01/2004 - "The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral terbinafine (500 and 1000 mg day(-1)) in the treatment of cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. " 04/01/2018 - "We reported for the first time the use of terbinafine in the treatment of two dogs with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. "
4.	Amphotericin B (Amphotericin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1979 - "These cases and a reviewed of more than 40 cases of pulmonary sporotrichosis susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii that we observed in vitro suggest that amphotericin B is not an effective agent for the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis. " 04/01/2018 - "Our aim was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of a poly-aggregated amphotericin B (P-AMB), a nonlipid formulation, compared with D-AMB on systemic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. " 04/01/2018 - "Efficacy of a poly-aggregated formulation of amphotericin B in treating systemic sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis." 12/28/2022 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis strains isolated from patients with severe sporotrichosis treated with amphotericin B and correlate with clinical outcomes. " 04/30/2022 - "Amphotericin B is the first-choice treatment for disseminated sporotrichosis; however, the severity of systemic dissemination might predict its response. "
5.	Ketoconazole (Nizoral)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1987 - "On the basis of this case and the modest amount of experience reported in the literature, ketoconazole does not appear to be effective in the treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis." 01/01/1993 - "Ketoconazole treatment of a family with zoonotic sporotrichosis." 09/01/1992 - "Successful treatment of disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis with ketoconazole." 01/01/1991 - "Treatment of systemic sporotrichosis with ketoconazole." 07/01/1987 - "Treatment of pulmonary sporotrichosis with ketoconazole."
6.	Fluconazole (Zonal)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1994 - "A case of sporotrichosis treated successfully with oral fluconazole 200 mg once weekly." 07/01/1994 - "Reports on the efficacy of once-weekly fluconazole administration in cases of sporotrichosis have appeared, but it would be valuable to study more such cases." 04/01/2006 - "We report a case of invasive pulmonary sporotrichosis in an eleven year old HIV-infected boy in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, successfully treated with oral fluconazole." 01/01/2000 - "An unusual case of cutaneous sporotrichosis and its response to weekly fluconazole." 01/01/1996 - "Thirty patients with documented sporotrichosis were treated with 200-800 mg of fluconazole daily. "
7.	AzolesIBA 07/26/2022 - "The treatment of sporotrichosis can be challenging, especially after the emergence of resistance to azoles and polyenes. " 04/01/1986 - "Itraconazole, a new orally absorbable azole derivative, was used for the treatment of 17 patients with cutaneous and lymphangitic sporotrichosis. " 03/01/1998 - "The clinician's ability to determine the best medical treatment for chronic cavitary pulmonary sporotrichosis is also tempered by the limited use of newer azole antifungal agents in this disorder as well as the relative lack of efficacy reported with older therapies. " 08/01/1993 - "Recent studies suggest that newer azole compounds, such as itraconazole, are effective in cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, but data on their efficacy in systemic infections are scarce. " 03/01/2021 - "Fungal diseases have not been taken seriously in public health agendas as well as research priorities, despite of globally causing an estimated two million deaths every year, and the emergence of many troublesome fungal pathogens like Candida auris, azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, terbinafine and azole resistant dermatophytes, and zoonotic sporotrichosis in humans. "
8.	IodineIBA 05/07/1986 - "Oral iodine is also very effective in the lymphatic-cutaneous form of sporotrichosis. " 02/01/1956 - "Radioautographic study of experimental sporotrichosis after the administration of radioactive iodine." 07/01/1996 - "Response of sporotrichosis granuloma to local application of iodine." 04/01/1955 - "The distribution of radioactive iodine (I-131) in experimental coccidioidomycosis and sporotrichosis." 07/01/1996 - "Chronic sporotrichosis granuloma of the skin is usually the result of non compliance with oral iodine therapy for whatever reason. "
9.	posaconazole FDA Link 08/01/2015 - "In vitro data demonstrated a synergistic effect, and although posaconazole alone was effective against sporotrichosis, efficacy in terms of survival and burden reduction was increased with the combination. " 05/01/2012 - "We developed a murine model of systemic sporotrichosis by using three strains of each of the two commonest species causing sporotrichosis, i.e., Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and Sporothrix brasiliensis, in order to evaluate the efficacy of posaconazole (PSC). " 05/01/2012 - "Efficacy of posaconazole in murine experimental sporotrichosis." 12/01/2007 - "Posaconazole is effective against yeasts and molds and could be effective in treating rare fungal infections involving Zygomycetes, Mucor necrotizing fasciitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, some Fusarium species, Penicillium, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides, and sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis, including Scedosporium apiospermum and Exophiala, Alternaria, and Bipolaris species. " 08/01/2015 - "In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of Amphotericin B Combined with Posaconazole against Experimental Disseminated Sporotrichosis."
10.	SolutionsIBA 06/01/2009 - "We carried out a review of published studies on the benefits and adverse reactions of using SSKI (Saturated Solution Potassium Iodide) as treatment for sporotrichosis, but could not identify any well-designed clinical trails. " 01/01/2022 - "Oral treatment with 10% potassium iodide solution for refractory cutaneous-disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent adult: Case report." 01/01/2019 - "The use of 6 M urea solution improves the performance of the ELISA test in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis." 03/01/2003 - "Three cases of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis were treated with three different modalities and oral saturated solution of potassium iodide was found to be best modality." 04/01/1996 - "Recommended treatment for cutaneous sporotrichosis consists of a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) administered in three daily doses (tid). "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Therapeutics 01/01/2015 - "Correct identification of sporotrichosis agents is beneficial for epidemiological surveillance, enabling implementation of adequate public-health policies and guiding antifungal therapy. " 07/01/2013 - "However, for both primary pulmonary and multifocal sporotrichosis with non-cavitary disease, medical therapy alone provided good outcomes. " 10/30/2022 - "The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review on the emergency, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, therapeutics, and control of zoonotic sporotrichosis. " 04/06/2021 - "Further studies in experimental models are needed to understand the possible future application of this drug as an alternative therapy or as an adjuvant in sporotrichosis treatment. " 10/01/2023 - "Therefore, it was concluded that sporotrichosis in PLWH is a disease with a high prevalence in Brazil and may be associated with systemic clinical manifestations requiring longer periods of systemic antifungal therapy."
2.	Lasers (Laser) 10/01/2014 - "The in vitro inhibition of Sporothrix spp. isolates by laser light deserves in vivo experimental and clinical studies since it may be a promising treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous sporotrichosis. " 02/25/2022 - "While culture remains the gold standard to diagnose sporotrichosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry-based methods have become an essential for accurate species identification in many clinical laboratories. " 12/22/2021 - "Therefore, Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser irradiation is an alternative for sporotrichosis therapy. " 12/22/2021 - "IMPORTANCE Nd:YAG 1,064-nm laser irradiation is a useful alternative for the treatment of sporotrichosis, especially in patients with liver dysfunction, pregnant women, and children, for whom the administration of antifungal drugs is not suitable. " 01/01/2018 - "A randomized comparison of combined itraconazole and Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser vs itraconazole alone for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis."
3.	Induced Hyperthermia (Thermotherapy) 02/01/2021 - "To evaluate the effect of local hyperthermia on sporotrichosis and determine whether local hyperthermia involves effects of neutrophils against Sporothrix. " 02/01/2021 - "Local hyperthermia is recommended for the treatment of patients with fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis, though the effectiveness and mechanisms of action remain elusive. " 02/01/2021 - "Exogenous Local Hyperthermia at 41℃ Is Effective to Eliminate Mouse Model of Sporotrichosis, Independent of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation." 02/13/2010 - "Use of local hyperthermia to treat sporotrichosis in a cat." 07/01/1987 - "Local hyperthermia in the treatment of sporotrichosis."
4.	Cryosurgery 01/01/2019 - "Cryosurgery for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis: experience with 199 cases." 01/01/2018 - "Cryosurgery was a safe, easy to perform and well tolerated method, and therefore it is suggested to be a suitable option for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in pregnant women." 01/01/2018 - "The authors reviewed the clinical records of four pregnant patients diagnosed with cutaneous sporotrichosis and treated with cryosurgery. " 01/01/2018 - "The authors conducted a retrospective study describing epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data related to four pregnant patients with sporotrichosis treated with cryosurgery. " 01/01/2018 - "Cryosurgery for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis in four pregnant women."
5.	Aftercare (After-Treatment) 01/01/2023 - "We made an effort to dermoscopically track changes in skin lesions both before and after treatment, confirming that itraconazole was effective in the treatment of sporotrichosis." 12/12/1986 - "Disseminated sporotrichosis in a patient with HIV infection after treatment for acquired factor VIII inhibitor."