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Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)

Also Known As:

Aldactone; Aldactone A; Alphapharm Brand of Spironolactone; Alpharma Brand of Spironolactone; Alter Brand of Spironolactone; Aquareduct; Ashbourne Brand of Spironolactone; Azupharma Brand of Spironolactone; Cardel Brand of Spironolactone; Dexo Brand of Spironolactone; Espironolactona Alter; Espironolactona Mundogen; Flumach; Frumikal; Generosan Brand of Spironolactone; Hormosan Brand of Spironolactone; Jenapharm Brand of Spironolactone; Jenaspiron; Mayoly-Spindler Brand of Spironolactone; Merck dura Brand of Spironolactone; Mundogen Brand of Spironolactone; Novo-Spiroton; Novopharm Brand of Spironolactone; Pfizer Brand of Spironolactone; Pharmafrid Brand of Spironolactone; Practon; Roche Brand of Spironolactone; SC-9420; Searle Brand of Spironolactone; Spiractin; Spiro L.U.T.; Spirobeta; Spirogamma; Spirolang; Spirono-Isis; Spironone; Spirospare; Veroshpiron; Verospiron; Verospirone; Wörwag Brand of Spironolactone; betapharm Brand of Spironolactone; ct-Arzneimittel Brand of Spironolactone; duraspiron; spiro von ct; Novo Spiroton; NovoSpiroton; SC 9420; SC9420; Spirono Isis; ct Arzneimittel Brand of Spironolactone; von ct, spiro; Spirolactone; Pregn-4-ene-21-carboxylic acid, 7-(acetylthio)-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-, gamma-lactone, (7alpha,17alpha)-

Networked: 2197 relevant articles (262 outcomes, 439 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Drug Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Pitt, Bertram: 20 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Solomon, Scott D: 12 articles (11/2015 - 11/2007)
3.	Struthers, Allan D: 11 articles (07/2013 - 01/2002)
4.	Funder, John W: 11 articles (01/2013 - 08/2002)
5.	Sica, Domenic A: 10 articles (01/2016 - 07/2003)
6.	Calhoun, David A: 10 articles (01/2013 - 12/2002)
7.	Pfeffer, Marc A: 9 articles (11/2015 - 11/2007)
8.	Weber, Karl T: 9 articles (09/2013 - 07/2002)
9.	Sowers, James R: 8 articles (07/2015 - 07/2008)
10.	Struthers, A D: 8 articles (10/2013 - 02/2000)

Related Diseases

1.	Heart Failure 04/01/2003 - "This economic evaluation suggests that the addition of spironolactone to standard therapy for patients with severe chronic heart failure is not only safe and effective, but is highly cost-effective in the Irish healthcare setting." 06/19/1990 - "Although many new drugs useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure have been introduced during the past 25 years, spironolactone continues to have an important role in the management of this condition. " 08/01/2004 - "Treatment with spironolactone (SPL) is beneficial in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). " 08/01/2002 - "Although the additional therapies with beta-blockers and spironolactone have recently proved to be significantly beneficial for the treatment of advanced heart failure, in the end stages of this disease the prognosis remains quite poor. " 09/02/1999 - "In addition, patients who received spironolactone had a significant improvement in the symptoms of heart failure, as assessed on the basis of the New York Heart Association functional class (P<0.001). "
2.	Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 11/01/2010 - "In conclusion, low-dose spironolactone is highly effective when added to previous treatment of patients with resistant hypertension." 05/01/2008 - "Spironolactone is highly effective in lowering blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and poorly controlled hypertension on standard treatment, but does not improve vascular endothelial function in this group. " 09/01/2014 - "After 12 weeks, spironolactone significantly improved refractory hypertension. " 05/01/2000 - "Spironolactone treatment for one week also resulted in a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure during the development of diabetic hypertension. " 10/01/1987 - "The severity of hypertension as judged by the WHO classification and the duration of hypertension prior to operation seemed to be of some use in assessing the postoperative prognosis of hypertension, but the efficacy of spironolactone was far more useful. "
3.	Hirsutism 08/01/1996 - "The present data suggest that both spironolactone and CPA were similarly effective in treatment of hirsutism. " 01/01/1989 - "Our results demonstrate that low-dose spironolactone is effective in the treatment of hirsutism." 08/01/2000 - "Spironolactone is effective and safe in the treatment of hirsutism. " 01/01/1987 - "Low-dose spironolactone is, thus, safe and effective in the treatment of hirsutism. " 07/01/1989 - "In a double-blind placebo controlled study of the efficacy of spironolactone 100 mg daily in idiopathic hirsutism we were unable to demonstrate objective benefit from spironolactone treatment. "
4.	Respiratory Sounds (Crackle) 01/01/2001 - "The RALES study showed that small doses of spironolactone also improved the prognosis on this disease. " 12/01/2012 - "To discuss methods for correcting the bias in observed effect sizes, confidence intervals, and p-values for trials stopped early and to show the extent to which such correction would have modified the conclusions of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES). " 11/13/2012 - "We used data from the RALES (Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study) in 1,658 patients with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV HF and an ejection fraction <35%. " 01/01/2006 - "This article explores the applicability of the refutationist logic tools in the analysis of a randomised controlled trial (RCT), the randomised Aldactone evaluation study (RALES). " 03/01/2005 - "[Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES)]."
5.	Fibrosis (Cirrhosis) 03/01/1997 - "The administration of 225 mg/day of spironolactone is a good empiric treatment for non-azotemic patients with cirrhosis, because it is effective in most cases and does not increase the incidence of postparacentesis circulatory dysfunction. " 04/01/2013 - "Addition of the spironolactone to moexpril was more effective in reducing fibrosis and improvement of renal function than monotherapy with either drug, possibly due to a dual inhibitory effect on the RAS, and thus suppression of TGF-β." 12/01/2009 - "We found that spironolactone (20 mg/kg per day) attenuated the diastolic dysfunction as assessed by ventricular pressure-volume loops and essentially eliminated cardiac fibrosis as assessed by trichrome staining and Western blot. " 10/01/2015 - "This study investigated the effect of spironolactone on abnormal angiogenesis and portal-systemic collaterals in cirrhosis. " 07/01/2013 - "This study's aim was to determine whether chronic spironolactone treatment prevents formation of local electrical activation delays in the cardiomyopathic ventricle by attenuating inflammatory pathways and myocardial fibrosis. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Aldosterone
2.	eplerenone (Inspra)
3.	Spironolactone (Aldactone)
4.	Furosemide (Lasix)
5.	Potassium
6.	Renin
7.	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)
8.	Mineralocorticoid Receptors (Mineralocorticoid Receptor)
9.	Cyproterone Acetate
10.	Flutamide (Eulexin)

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Adrenalectomy
2.	Renal Dialysis (Hemodialysis)
3.	Denervation
4.	Sodium-Restricted Diet (Diet, Sodium Restricted)
5.	Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)