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Spinal Cord Injuries (Spinal Cord Injury)

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Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Also Known As:

Spinal Cord Injury; Injuries, Spinal Cord; Post-Traumatic Myelopathy; Spinal Cord Contusion; Spinal Cord Laceration; Spinal Cord Transection; Spinal Cord Trauma; Contusion, Spinal Cord; Contusions, Spinal Cord; Cord Contusion, Spinal; Cord Contusions, Spinal; Cord Injuries, Spinal; Cord Injury, Spinal; Cord Laceration, Spinal; Cord Lacerations, Spinal; Cord Transection, Spinal; Cord Transections, Spinal; Cord Trauma, Spinal; Cord Traumas, Spinal; Injury, Spinal Cord; Laceration, Spinal Cord; Lacerations, Spinal Cord; Myelopathies, Post-Traumatic; Myelopathies, Traumatic; Myelopathy, Post-Traumatic; Post Traumatic Myelopathy; Post-Traumatic Myelopathies; Spinal Cord Contusions; Spinal Cord Lacerations; Spinal Cord Transections; Spinal Cord Traumas; Transection, Spinal Cord; Transections, Spinal Cord; Trauma, Spinal Cord; Traumas, Spinal Cord; Traumatic Myelopathies; Traumatic Myelopathy; Myelopathy, Traumatic

Networked: 8315 relevant articles (620 outcomes, 1444 trials/studies)

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Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Neuralgia (Stump Neuralgia)
3.	Multiple Sclerosis
4.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma)
5.	Stroke (Strokes)

Experts

1.	Fehlings, Michael G: 62 articles (11/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Cuzzocrea, Salvatore: 55 articles (09/2015 - 10/2004)
3.	Mazzon, Emanuela: 46 articles (09/2015 - 02/2005)
4.	Bramanti, Placido: 45 articles (09/2015 - 02/2005)
5.	Okano, Hideyuki: 42 articles (12/2015 - 03/2004)
6.	Esposito, Emanuela: 39 articles (09/2015 - 07/2006)
7.	Genovese, Tiziana: 38 articles (08/2011 - 10/2004)
8.	Di Paola, Rosanna: 37 articles (09/2015 - 10/2004)
9.	Bauman, William A: 36 articles (11/2015 - 06/2003)
10.	Xu, Xiao-Ming: 36 articles (09/2015 - 06/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spinal Cord Injuries:

1.	Methylprednisolone FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1994 - "The National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study II concluded in 1990 that high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) improved neurologic recovery after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). " 11/01/1985 - "A multi-center double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted by the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study Group to examine the efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone (1000-mg bolus and 1000 mg daily thereafter for 10 days) compared with that of a standard dose (100-mg bolus and 100 mg daily for 10 days). " 01/06/1984 - "A multicenter double-blind randomized trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of a high dose of methylprednisolone (1,000-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) compared with a standard dose (100-mg bolus and daily thereafter for ten days) in 330 patients with acute spinal cord injury. " 01/01/2000 - "High-dose intravenously administered methylprednisolone has been shown to improve outcome after spinal cord injury. " 07/01/1999 - "Clinically, high-dose treatment with the glucocorticosteroid, methylprednisolone (MP), within 8 h after spinal cord injury, has been shown to improve neurological recovery. "
2.	Baclofen FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1987 - "Oral baclofen may be effective in patients with spasticity due to spinal cord injury or disease." 08/01/2002 - "This study demonstrates that chronic intrathecal baclofen infusion is a safe and effective form of treatment of intractable spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. " 06/01/1993 - "Thus far, intrathecal baclofen administration shows promise in the treatment of spasticity resulting from spinal cord trauma. " 06/01/1993 - "Studies were selected for review if they evaluated intrathecal baclofen in patients with spinal cord injury. " 06/01/2015 - "Baclofen or nNOS inhibitor affect molecular and behavioral alterations evoked by traumatic spinal cord injury in rat spinal cord."
3.	Erythropoietin FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "Recent studies in animal models indicate that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is very effective in enhancing neurological recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). " 12/01/2015 - "In preclinical trial and human clinical trials, it was demonstrated that erythropoietin is effective treatment for spinal cord injury. " 09/01/2015 - "The protective effects of erythropoietin on spinal cord injury have not been well described. " 05/01/2014 - "Protective effects of erythropoietin in traumatic spinal cord injury by inducing the Nrf2 signaling pathway activation." 04/01/2007 - "In this study, we assessed the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-Hu-EPO) in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. "
4.	sildenafil (Viagra)FDA Link 12/01/2010 - "Sildenafil seems more effective in the treatment of neurogenic ED secondary to UMN spinal cord injury compared with that secondary to LMN injury. " 12/01/2001 - "It was reported by 88.2% of the patients and 85.3% of their partners that treatment with sildenafil had improved their erections, regardless of the baseline characteristics of the spinal cord injury and erectile function. " 06/01/1999 - "diabetes or spinal cord injury), psychogenic or mixed origin received sildenafil 5 to 100mg or placebo in fixed- or titrated-dose trials. " 01/01/2015 - "Neuroprotective effects of sildenafil in experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits." 02/10/2012 - "Sildenafil improves epicenter vascular perfusion but not hindlimb functional recovery after contusive spinal cord injury in mice."
5.	Naloxone (Narcan)FDA LinkGeneric 10/02/1991 - "These results indicate that TRH but not naloxone treatment starting 24 h and as late as 7 days after injury is effective in rats with the severest neurologic impairment following spinal cord injury. " 04/01/1985 - "Naloxone may be useful for the treatment of spinal cord injury although its mechanism of action remains unknown." 08/01/1981 - "The authors conclude that naloxone may be useful for the treatment of spinal cord injury. " 01/01/1986 - "Naloxone improved both spinal cord perfusion and neurological function following traumatic spinal cord injury in cats, and was subsequently observed to improve neurological outcome following ischemic spinal cord injury in rabbits. " 01/01/1985 - "Recently naloxone has been found to improve neurologic function following spinal cord injury, and its effectiveness has not been challenged to date. "
6.	tirilazadIBA 12/01/1995 - "Tirilazad and related compounds have been found to be highly beneficial in spinal cord trauma. " 06/01/1993 - "One of these, tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F), has been shown to be quite effective in animal models of brain and spinal cord injury and is the subject of phase III clinical trials. " 05/01/1992 - "One of these, tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F), has been shown to be effective in animal models of brain and spinal cord injury and is currently the subject of phase II clinical trials. " 03/01/1992 - "Efficacy of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F in improving neurological recovery after spinal cord injury in rats." 01/01/1991 - "These results suggest that after weight-induced spinal cord trauma, U74006F is associated with improved neurologic function in moderately injured, but not severely injured animals."
7.	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)IBA 04/01/2002 - "Importantly, BDNF cell body treatment was still effective in the chronic setting, i.e., when initiated 1 year after injury, but BDNF had no effect when applied to the chronic spinal cord injury site. " 06/01/2012 - "This study evaluated the role of gastrocnemius-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and possible mechanism in motor improvement in T10 spinal cord transection (SCT) rats. " 02/01/2004 - "This study demonstrated that continuous infusion of BDNF after initial MP treatment improved functional recovery after severe spinal cord injury without dampening the acute effect of MP." 08/01/2010 - "In addition, MSCs that were transduced with rAd expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the presence of tetrameric CPPs improved functional recovery in a spinal cord injury model. " 01/01/2014 - "In the present study we evaluated (1) the possibility to improve locomotor recovery after complete transection of the spinal cord by means of an adeno-associated (AAV) viral vector expressing the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in lumbar spinal neurons caudal to the lesion site and (2) how the spinal cord transection and BDNF treatment affected neurotransmission in the segments caudal to the lesion site. "
8.	Nerve Growth Factors (Neurotrophins)IBA 03/01/1997 - "The combined use of specific neurotrophic factors and the IN-1 antibody in different experimental procedures, including spinal cord injury, have significantly improved regenerative axonal growth. " 11/01/1998 - "Neurotrophic factors have been proposed as a therapeutic treatment for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. " 10/05/2012 - "We hypothesized that enteric glia may exert their protective effects against spinal cord injury partially through the secretion of neurotrophic factors. " 05/01/2007 - "Fibrillation potentials following spinal cord injury: improvement with neurotrophins and exercise." 01/01/2007 - "Grafted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) may help to alleviate functional deficits resulting from spinal cord injury by bridging gaps, replacing lost neurons or oligodendrocytes, and providing neurotrophic factors. "
9.	gabapentin (Neurontin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/1997 - "The data obtained suggest that gabapentin may be useful in the management of spasticity associated with spinal cord injury." 06/01/2010 - "This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of gabapentin in experimental spinal cord injury. " 03/01/2002 - "All patients with traumatic-onset spinal cord injury treated with gabapentin were identified and followed up using a longitudinal observational design with two contact points (6 and 36 months after the trial) using a semi-structured interview. " 10/01/1997 - "As some patients with spasticity are either refractory to or intolerant of established medical treatments, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of gabapentin on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. " 03/01/1997 - "The purpose of this investigation was to study the effectiveness of gabapentin in controlling spasticity in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) using a surface EMG-based quantitative assessment technique called the brain motor control assessment (BMCA). "
10.	OxygenIBA 01/01/2014 - "Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning (HBO-PC) has been testified to have protective effects on spinal cord injury (SCI). " 01/01/1991 - "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been performed to assess the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on experimental spinal cord injury in a rat animal model. " 01/01/2015 - "To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen intervention on the microenvironment of nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury modeling and to explore the possible mechanism of nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. " 09/01/2013 - "The aim of this study was to study the effect of preconditioning with hyperbaric oxygen on neural cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats at different times, and to study the mechanism of neuroprotection with hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning after spinal cord injury. " 02/27/2012 - "Although hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment following spinal cord injury (SCI) have been studied in terms of neurological function and tissue histology, there is a limited number studies on spinal cord tissue enzyme levels. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplantation (Transplant Recipients) 11/15/2009 - "Cellular transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, most cells need to be cultured before transplantation introducing burdensome steps for clinical application. " 04/01/2006 - "We repeated a study reporting that delayed transplantation of olfactory lamina propria (OLP) into the site of a complete spinal cord transection led to significant improvement in hindlimb motor function and induced axon regeneration. " 01/01/2013 - "Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cell-derived neural precursor cells ameliorates deficits in a rat model of complete spinal cord transection." 06/01/2012 - "Transplantation of MSCs in the early stage of spinal cord injury gives a significant clinical improvement. " 06/12/2009 - "However, Schwann cell (SC) transplantation also results in significant functional improvement in animal models of spinal cord injury. "
2.	Transplants (Transplant) 11/16/2005 - "Olfactory bulb-derived (central) ensheathing cell (OB OEC) transplants have shown significant promise in rat models of spinal cord injury, prompting the use of lamina propria-derived (peripheral) olfactory ensheathing cells (LP OECs) in both experimental and clinical trials. " 02/01/2015 - "Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplant into the subarachnoid space may be a safe and beneficial treatment for chronic spinal cord injury in dogs." 05/01/2012 - "We found significantly greater effects of conditioning lesions compared to cAMP elevations on central axonal regeneration when combined with cellular grafts at the lesion site and viral neurotrophin delivery; further, these effects persisted whether conditioning lesions were applied prior to or shortly after spinal cord injury. " 09/01/2014 - "Inhibition of TROY promotes OPC differentiation and increases therapeutic efficacy of OPC graft for spinal cord injury." 01/01/2000 - "Emerging data suggest that current strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury might be improved or augmented by spinal cord grafts of neural cells, and it is possible that grafted neurons might have therapeutic potential. "
3.	Cell Transplantation 12/01/2009 - "We sought to assess the safety and therapeutic efficacy of autologous human bone marrow derived mononuclear cell transplantation on spinal cord injury in a phase I/II, nonrandomized, open-label study, conducted on 297 patients. " 01/01/2011 - "Cell transplantation therapies for central nervous system (CNS) deficits such as spinal cord injury (SCI) have been shown to be effective in several animal models. " 09/26/2008 - "The reported promising results together with the availability of autologous sources for Schwann cells indicate Schwann cell transplantation as a possible treatment for SCI. To address the safety and feasibility concerns we report 1-year follow-up of four patients aged between 22 and 43 years who had stable chronic (28-80 months) spinal cord injury at mid-thoracic level and treated with autologous Schwann cell transplantation. " 01/01/2015 - "At present, clinical trials are under progress to evaluate the efficacy of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury. " 11/01/2007 - "Laboratory and clinical studies have provided evidence of feasibility, safety and efficacy of cell transplantation to treat a wide variety of diseases characterized by tissue and cell dysfunction ranging from diabetes to spinal cord injury. "
4.	Surgical Decompression 01/01/2005 - "Efficacy of surgical decompression in the setting of complete thoracic spinal cord injury." 12/01/1997 - "Although surgical decompression is often advocated for acute spinal cord injury, the timing and efficacy of early treatment have not been clinically proven. " 09/01/2011 - "Surgical decompression is the mainstay of treatment for incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and incomplete CMS and CES. " 07/01/2015 - "The current study was based on the hypothesis that early surgical decompression and fixations in acute subaxial cervical spinal cord trauma is safe and is associated with improved outcome as compared to delayed surgical decompression. " 09/01/2012 - "Design and rationale of a Prospective, Observational European Multicenter study on the efficacy of acute surgical decompression after traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: the SCI-POEM study."
5.	Injections 12/01/2013 - "CT-guided injections may involve greater radiation exposure than does fluoroscopy-guided injections and do not avoid catastrophic spinal cord injury. " 01/01/2013 - "Intraspinal AAV Injections Immediately Rostral to a Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Site Efficiently Transduces Neurons in Spinal Cord and Brain." 08/01/2012 - "Cervical epidural steroid injections are approached with trepidation because of concerns over safety, including direct spinal cord injury. " 03/10/2011 - "As cell injections for spinal cord injury enter extensive clinical testing it is important to both optimize the procedures, and reduce the probability of technical failures. " 01/01/2011 - "Evaluation of early and late effects into the acute spinal cord injury of an injectable functionalized self-assembling scaffold."