Spinal Cord Diseases

Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.

Also Known As:

Networked: 2168 relevant articles (146 outcomes, 185 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Radiculopathy (Radiculopathy, Cervical)
2.	Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (Tropical Spastic Paraplegia)
3.	Pain (Aches)
4.	Spondylosis
5.	Kyphosis

Experts

1.	Yuan, Wen: 13 articles (06/2014 - 09/2008)
2.	Yamazaki, Masashi: 13 articles (01/2013 - 06/2005)
3.	Fehlings, Michael G: 12 articles (12/2015 - 05/2011)
4.	Kumar, Neeraj: 12 articles (06/2014 - 07/2003)
5.	Koda, Masao: 12 articles (01/2013 - 06/2005)
6.	Izumo, Shuji: 12 articles (01/2013 - 01/2002)
7.	Anderson, Paul A: 11 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)
8.	Benzel, Edward C: 11 articles (09/2015 - 02/2007)
9.	Okawa, Akihiko: 11 articles (01/2013 - 06/2005)
10.	Riew, K Daniel: 10 articles (10/2015 - 01/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spinal Cord Diseases:

1.	Adrenal Cortex Hormones (Corticosteroids)IBA 02/01/1989 - "Review of other cases reported to be improved neurologically, suggested that the earlier initiation of corticosteroids in higher dosage might be beneficial in transverse myelopathy in SLE." 04/01/2006 - "Fourteen patients [with acute (n = 6) and chronic (n = 8) myelopathies] were treated with monthly CYC infusions (700 mg/m2) in addition to 500 mg of corticosteroids for one year. " 04/01/2006 - "Acute and chronic myelopathies are frequently severe and sometimes respond poorly to corticosteroids. " 04/01/2004 - "A case of neuropsychiatric lupus with myelopathy successfully treated with corticosteroids." 07/01/2000 - "We describe two Brazilian patients who developed symptoms due to HTLV-I present for less than one year: subacute myelopathy with a sensory level and an ataxic pyramidal syndrome associated with axonal neuropathy, which partly improved after treatment with corticosteroids. "
2.	Interferon-alpha (Interferon Alfa)FDA Link 08/01/2007 - "A postmarketing surveillance study was undertaken to investigate the safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) under routine treatment conditions. " 08/01/2007 - "Safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha in 167 patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy." 07/01/1990 - "The efficacy of interferon-alpha treatment in human T-lymphotropic virus type-I-associated myelopathy." 09/15/2012 - "The impact of interferon-alpha treatment on clinical and immunovirological aspects of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in northeast of Iran." 09/01/1995 - "Anti-viral and immunomodulatory effects of interferon-alpha on cultured lymphocytes from patients with human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP)."
3.	Prednisolone (Predate)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1992 - "The clinical neurological signs as well as the abnormal MRI findings of myelopathy were considerably improved after prednisolone therapy. " 07/10/2004 - "[Markedly improving sarcoid cervical myelopathy after the diagnostic treatment of prednisolone, associated with highly spondylotic spines]." 04/01/1990 - "The primary cause of severe myelopathy in this patient may be infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type I rather than with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in improvement of the lower-extremity weakness, reduction in flexor spasms, and slower but significant improvement in urinary symptoms. " 05/01/2005 - "The authors describe six children in whom myelopathy and adhesive arachnoiditis developed after administration of intrathecal chemotherapy including methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisolone. " 10/01/2015 - "Considering that there is no effective treatment for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, this study aimed to assess the impact of triple combination therapy-interferon-α, valproic acid, and prednisolone-on clinical outcomes, main HTLV-1 viral factors, and host anti-HTLV-1 antibody response. "
4.	Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)IBA 01/01/2013 - "A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neuroprotective therapy using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for patients with worsening symptoms of compression myelopathy. " 08/01/2012 - "Neuroprotective therapy using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for patients with worsening symptoms of thoracic myelopathy: a multicenter prospective controlled trial." 08/01/2012 - "The results provide evidence that G-CSF administration caused neurological recovery in patients with worsening symptoms of thoracic compression myelopathy." 08/01/2012 - "On the basis of those findings, we started a clinical trial of neuroprotective therapy, using G-CSF for patients with worsening symptoms of thoracic myelopathy. " 08/01/2012 - "To confirm the feasibility of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration for patients with thoracic myelopathy. "
5.	Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin)FDA LinkGeneric 10/01/2013 - "Vitamin B12 extensive thoracic myelopathy: clinical, radiological and prognostic aspects. " 01/01/2013 - "His serum vitamin B12 levels were low and neuroimaging revealed myelopathy. " 07/01/2008 - "Reversible myelopathy on magnetic resonance imaging due to cobalamin deficiency." 11/01/2004 - "All had a myelopathy of more than three weeks of evolution with serum vitamin B12 levels of less than 200 pg/ml. A risk factor was identified in 10 cases and the most common was an age over 60 years old. " 07/01/2004 - ""Whippets"-induced cobalamin deficiency manifesting as cervical myelopathy."
6.	TitaniumIBA 06/01/2009 - "Titanium mesh in anterior cervical subtotal corpectomy with locking plate allows effective treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but the indications of this procedure must be carefully evaluated. " 08/01/2015 - "Records of 20 men and 9 women aged 35 to 79 (mean, 64.3) years who underwent single-door cervical laminoplasty for myelopathy using titanium miniplates alone were reviewed. " 08/01/2015 - "To review outcome of 29 patients who underwent single-door cervical laminoplasty for myelopathy using titanium miniplates alone. " 08/01/2012 - "Relevance of expandable titanium cage for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy." 07/01/2009 - "We retrospectively examined the medical records of 104 patients who had undergone instrumented open-door laminoplasty (titanium plate) for cervical myelopathy (minimum follow-up, 24 months). "
7.	Folic Acid (Vitamin M)FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/2014 - "Risk factors for toxic myelopathy of DS are discussed, including delayed clearance of MTX despite normal renal function, alterations in MTX polyglutamation and enhanced folic acid depletion due to gene dosage effects of chromosome 21. " 01/15/2014 - "The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features and response to folate supplementation in a patient with folate deficiency manifested over 10 years as a slowly progressive myelopathy. " 01/15/2014 - "Folate deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis of chronic slowly progressive myelopathy. " 01/15/2014 - "We diagnosed the patient with myelopathy due to folate deficiency. " 01/15/2014 - "Slowly progressive folate-deficiency myelopathy: report of a case."
8.	Durapatite (Hydroxylapatite)IBA 04/01/2003 - "This study evaluated 12 patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent Kurokawa's procedure using hydroxyapatite spacers and performed with T-saw thread wire. " 12/01/2015 - "One hundred sixty-two consecutive patients with cervical myelopathy underwent double-door laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite spacers from 2008 to 2012. " 09/01/2011 - "Long-term results of double-door laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite spacers in patients with compressive cervical myelopathy." 06/01/2009 - "Double-door laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers has been widely performed for compressive cervical myelopathy and has provided good neurological outcome. " 12/01/2008 - "Expansive cervical laminoplasties with interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic (IP-CHA) spacers were performed in cervical myelopathy patients. "
9.	BaclofenFDA LinkGeneric 09/01/2007 - "A 77-year-old woman with cervical myelopathy underwent implantation of an intrathecal pump system for baclofen administration. " 01/01/2003 - "Intrathecal baclofen now plays an important role in the management of spasticity in a number of neurologic conditions including spinal cord disorders. " 06/01/1993 - "Index terms in the search included baclofen, spasticity, intrathecal drug infusion, spinal cord disease, and neurosurgery. " 10/01/1991 - "An 81-year-old man with cervical spondylotic myelopathy developed an acute frontal lobe like syndrome with prominent preservation and an abnormal electroencephalogram after being given seven doses (70 mg) of baclofen for spasticity. " 11/01/1976 - "Twelve spastic patients with traumatic transverse myelopathies participated in a two-stage, double-blind crossover study using BA-34647 (a new experimental antispasticity drug by Ciba-Geigy) and placebo. "
10.	MethylprednisoloneFDA LinkGeneric 02/01/1997 - "This pilot study suggests that high dose methylprednisolone is effective in the treatment of acute transverse myelopathy." 08/01/2001 - "In a multicentre controlled study, 12 children with severe acute transverse myelopathy were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and compared with a historical group of 17 patients. " 02/01/1997 - "In an open study five children with severe acute transverse myelopathy were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and compared with a historical group of 10 patients. " 03/01/2009 - "A tentative diagnosis of rapidly progressive HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) was given, but intravenous methylprednisolone was ineffective. " 11/01/2002 - "All six children with solitary severe multifocal myelopathy were treated with high-dose methylprednisolone alone and recovered within the first week. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Decompression 01/01/2009 - "Decompression surgery appears to be helpful in patients with cervical myelopathy, but the significant risks may outweigh the unknown benefit in asymptomatic individuals. " 03/01/1996 - "1) Multilevel anterior cervical decompression and fusion produced a significant improvement in the motor function of patients with cervical spondylitic myelopathy. " 12/15/2007 - "Patients with pannus and no myelopathy were effectively treated with posterior fusion alone, although 2 with irreducible subluxation required an initial transoral decompression to allow realignment before fusion. " 08/01/2005 - "Posterior decompression seems not to be effective for myelopathy due to condylus occipitalis. " 03/01/2001 - "Anterior interbody fusion without decompression is an effective treatment for cervical OPLL myelopathy that resulted in stable long-lasting conditions."
2.	Laminectomy 01/01/2015 - "This is a commentary on the article laminoplasty versus laminectomy and fusion (LF) for multilevel cervical myelopathy: A meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes by Chang-Hyun Lee et al. Here, the authors utilized seven studies to compare the efficacy of cervical expansive laminoplasty (EL) versus laminectomy and fusion (LF) to address three or more level multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). " 01/01/2007 - "With proper patient selection and attention to surgical technique, laminectomy is a safe and effective approach to the management of cervical myelopathy in selected patients." 03/01/2002 - "Skip laminectomy--a new treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, preserving bilateral muscular attachments to the spinous processes: a preliminary report." 01/01/1996 - "Thoracic myelopathy is an uncommon disease which requires a meticulous study of myelogram and now MRI to be recognized and to be cured by laminectomy. " 12/01/2009 - "Multilevel cervical laminectomy with instrumented fusion for patients with CSM resulted in an improvement in myelopathy in the majority of cases. "
3.	Arthroplasty 12/01/2011 - "Bryan(®) cervical disc arthroplasty appears reliable and effective in the treatment of cervical myelopathy. " 10/01/2009 - "As we are not aware of any studies on the use of arthroplasty in this scenario, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of two large, prospective, randomized multicenter trials to evaluate the efficacy of cervical disc arthroplasty for the treatment of myelopathy. " 11/01/2008 - "As we are not aware of any studies on the use of arthroplasty in this scenario, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of two large, prospective, randomized multicenter trials to evaluate the efficacy of cervical disc arthroplasty for the treatment of myelopathy. " 09/15/2004 - "Results obtained in this study add further weight to the potential role of cervical arthroplasty for cervical myelopathy and longer follow up is provided on a previously reported series. " 08/01/2003 - "This is the first study that looks specifically at cervical arthroplasty for cervical myelopathy. "
4.	Diskectomy (Discectomy) 06/01/2010 - "The patient's symptoms and myelopathy resolved completely after the discectomy and instrumented fusion. " 11/01/2006 - "Multilevel cervical discectomy and fusion has proven to be very effective in decompressing and stabilizing the spine for treatment of cervical myelopathy." 08/01/2012 - "We evaluated radiologic and clinical outcomes to compare the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). " 08/01/2012 - "Efficacy of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus corpectomy and fusion for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a minimum 5-year follow-up study." 08/15/2015 - "The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) combined with artificial disc replacement (C-ADR) and ACCF combined with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with consecutive 3-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). "
5.	Surgical Decompression 10/01/2015 - "This article describes cervical spondylotic myelopathy, its diagnosis and management, and recent data that offer strong evidence that patients who undergo surgical decompression show significant improvement over patients who are treated conservatively. " 12/02/2015 - "Although surgical decompression is considered the gold standard treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), a proportion of cases show postoperative decline or continue to exhibit substantial neurological dysfunction. " 01/01/2014 - "Patients with thoracic myelopathy from thoracic arachnoid pathology often have improvement in their condition after surgical decompression/detethering procedures. " 09/18/2013 - "Surgical decompression for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was associated with improvement in functional, disability-related, and quality-of-life outcomes at one year of follow-up for all disease severity categories. " 01/01/2012 - "(1) baseline cervical spine evaluation and regular neurological assessment should be performed in all MPS VI patients, (2) detailed neurological observation should be conducted in patients treated with ERT, especially in the period of improvement in the osteoarticular system, as ERT fails to prevent cervical myelopathy and (3) surgical decompression is required and in order to achieve a satisfying outcome it might be crucial to perform surgery at an early age."