Spermidine

A polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.

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Networked: 793 relevant articles (24 outcomes, 53 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Alhonen, Leena: 22 articles (07/2014 - 10/2002)
2.	Casero, Robert A: 9 articles (01/2014 - 07/2003)
3.	Jänne, Juhani: 8 articles (07/2010 - 10/2003)
4.	Zahedi, Kamyar: 6 articles (01/2014 - 04/2009)
5.	Soleimani, Manoocher: 6 articles (01/2014 - 04/2009)
6.	Hyvönen, Mervi T: 6 articles (01/2014 - 10/2005)
7.	Pegg, Anthony E: 6 articles (01/2010 - 07/2003)
8.	Uimari, Anne: 5 articles (07/2014 - 10/2005)
9.	Keinänen, Tuomo A: 5 articles (01/2014 - 10/2003)
10.	Khomutov, Alex R: 5 articles (01/2014 - 10/2002)

Related Diseases

1.	Neoplasms (Cancer) 03/15/2013 - "The results of the present study support the notion that the modulation of spermidine concentrations may be a previously unrecognized mechanism by which PI3K sustains chronic proliferation of cancer cells." 06/15/2006 - "In vitro uptake experiments and initial in vivo imaging studies illustrated that fluorophor tagged spermidine derivatives show tumor accumulation." 02/01/1994 - "In the present study rat AMs were incubated with spermidine, which resulted in a marked and significant (P < 0.002) decrease in phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast cells at concentrations 0.2 and 0.5 mM and a tendency to decrease at 0.05 mM. The number of microtubules surrounding the centrioles was measured using electron microscopy and appeared to be decreased at concentrations 0.2 and 0.5 mM. There was no affect on phagolysosomal pH. The results suggest that spermidine might affect the defense against inhaled pollutants and microbes, especially when spermidine levels are increased, as they are under conditions with high mitotic activity, e.g., in tumors." 12/01/2014 - "These results suggest that spermidine and DHPS are key contributing factors in NB tumor proliferation through regulation of the p21/Rb signaling axis." 02/01/2010 - "Similarly the 5-year cancer specific mortality-free survival of patients with spermidine levels 12 or less, 12.1 to 15, 15.1 to 21 and greater than 21 nmol/8x10(9) erythrocytes was 79.0%, 56.6%, 53.2% and 27.4%, respectively. "
2.	Wounds and Injuries (Trauma) 02/01/1998 - "The results suggest that spermidine supplementation improves protein utilization efficiency and ameliorates trauma effects on amino acid levels." 02/01/1998 - "The profound effect of trauma on plasma amino acid metabolism seen in rats fed the basal diet was absent in spermidine-supplemented rats. " 02/01/1998 - "Amelioration of the protein metabolic response in spermidine-supplemented trauma rats." 03/20/1992 - "The effect of spermidine, another polyamine, on the motor functional recovery after a trauma was studied by using the toe-spreading ability as an indicator of motor recovery after a sciatic crush in the rat. " 09/01/1993 - "The excretion of N1-AcSPD and total spermidine was 141 and 74% higher in patients with sepsis than in patients with trauma, respectively (p < 0.05), whereas the excretion of N8-AcSPD was equal in both patient groups. "
3.	Ascites 03/01/1982 - "The depletion of spermidine in the ascites tumor cells and spleens might be a cause of the suppression of tumor growth." 01/01/1978 - "The concentration of putrescine and spermidine in cell-free ascites fluid and serum was found to increase significantly with increasing tumour mass. " 07/15/1977 - "3. During the first days after the inoculation, the polyamine pattern of the ascites cells was characterized by a high molar ratio of spermidine to spermine, which markedly decreased on aging of the cells. " 02/01/1987 - "Effect of hyperthermia on spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activity in Ehrlich ascites cells." 03/01/1982 - "The spermidine concentration of the ascites tumor cells and spleens of mice bearing the tumor was lowered by the treatment, while spermine concentration hardly changed. "
4.	Hypersensitivity (Allergy) 12/01/1998 - "By integration of the spe-3 gene or by the addition of spermidine into culture medium, the temperature sensitivity of mycelial growth was lost and the conidiation rhythm became sensitive to chlorpromazine in the cpz-2 strain, as was observed in the wild-type strain, but the hypersensitivity of mycelial growth on chlorpromazine in the cpz-2 strain was not affected. " 07/01/1992 - "A protective effect of spermine or spermidine against alimentary allergies is suggested." 12/22/2006 - "This phenotype was cured by exogenous spermine but not by the other polyamines putrescine and spermidine, suggesting a strong link between spermine-deficiency and NaCl-hypersensitivity. " 01/12/2007 - "This phenotype was cured by spermine pretreatment but not by the other polyamines putrescine and spermidine, suggesting that drought-hypersensitivity exhibited by the mutant is due to spermine deficiency. "
5.	Reperfusion Injury 01/01/2014 - "Proximal tubule epithelial cell specific ablation of the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene reduces the severity of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury." 01/01/2011 - "Furthermore, inactivation of the spermidine/spermine-N¹-acetyltransferase gene reduces the severity of kidney damage after ischemic reperfusion injury. " 01/01/2011 - "The expression of spermidine/spermine-N¹-acetyltransferase increases in the kidneys subjected to ischemic reperfusion injury. " 01/01/2011 - "Spermidine/spermine-N¹-acetyltransferase in kidney ischemia reperfusion injury." 04/01/2009 - "Expression of spermine/spermidine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine backconversion cascade, increases after ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IRI). "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Spermine
2.	Putrescine
3.	Polyamines
4.	Ornithine Decarboxylase (Decarboxylase, Ornithine)
5.	Enzymes
6.	Retinaldehyde (Retinal)
7.	Mitoguazone (MGBG)
8.	Histones (Histone)
9.	Calcium
10.	S-adenosyl-3-thio-1,8-diaminooctane

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant)
2.	Drug Therapy (Chemotherapy)
3.	Injections
4.	Nephrectomy
5.	Heterologous Transplantation (Xenotransplantation)