Spermatocele

A cystic dilation of the EPIDIDYMIS, usually in the head portion (caput epididymis). The cyst fluid contains dead SPERMATOZOA and can be easily differentiated from TESTICULAR HYDROCELE and other testicular lesions.

Also Known As:

Networked: 86 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 6 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Testicular Hydrocele
2.	Spermatocele
3.	Necrosis
4.	Pain (Aches)
5.	Epididymitis

Experts

1.	Keelan, J A: 1 article (12/2015)
2.	Walls, M L: 1 article (12/2015)
3.	Dickinson, J E: 1 article (12/2015)
4.	Handelsman, D J: 1 article (12/2015)
5.	Hart, R J: 1 article (12/2015)
6.	Doherty, D A: 1 article (12/2015)
7.	Skakkebaek, N E: 1 article (12/2015)
8.	McLachlan, R I: 1 article (12/2015)
9.	Norman, R J: 1 article (12/2015)
10.	Wang, Zhao: 1 article (06/2015)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spermatocele:

1.	Tetracycline (Achromycin)FDA LinkGeneric 06/01/1990 - "Fourty patients with 32 hydroceles and 11 epididymal cysts were treated by aspiration and instillation of tetracycline. " 04/01/1987 - "Tetracycline sclerotherapy is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for hydroceles and epididymal cysts in older patients." 10/30/1991 - "[Tetracycline sclerotherapy of hydroceles and spermatoceles]." 06/01/1990 - "Tetracycline sclerotherapy of hydroceles and epididymal cysts. " 05/20/1988 - "[Tetracycline sclerotherapy in hydrocele and epididymal cysts]."
2.	polidocanol (Laureth)FDA Link 10/20/1993 - "Treatment of hydroceles and spermatoceles with evacuation, followed by injection of the sclerosing agent Polidocanol 3% (Aetoxysklerol), is a simple, low cost alternative to surgery. " 10/01/2011 - "Polidocanol sclerotherapy was effective for the treatment of hydrocele or spermatocele in our patients, with 94% satisfactory results after 1 to 4 treatments. " 10/01/2011 - "A randomized trial comparing 2 doses of polidocanol sclerotherapy for hydrocele or spermatocele." 10/01/2011 - "From 1993 to 2005 a double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted using 2 or 4 ml polidocanol (30 mg/ml) for sclerotherapy of hydrocele/spermatocele in 224 evaluable patients at 3 university hospitals. " 10/01/2011 - "We compared the efficacy and morbidity of 2 or 4 ml polidocanol sclerotherapy for hydrocele or spermatocele. "
3.	ethanolamine oleate (Ethamolin)FDA Link 01/01/1986 - "Seventeen patients with hydroceles or epididymal cysts were treated by tapping and injection with ethanolamine oleate. " 01/01/1993 - "Ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy can be recommended as an alternative treatment to surgery, especially in older patients with spermatoceles consisting of 1-3 chambers." 01/01/1993 - "We examine here the efficacy and safety of ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy in cases of spermatocele using ultrasound (US) before treatment and during follow-up. " 01/01/1993 - "Ultrasound follow-up of ethanolamine oleate sclerotherapy for spermatoceles." 06/01/1992 - "Sclerotherapy with 5% ethanolamine oleate was used to treat 102 hydroceles in 100 patients and 63 spermatoceles in 58 patients. "
4.	PercollIBA 02/01/2003 - "The average sperm motility and average percent viability of sperm recovered after Percoll gradient improved compared with sperm in the initial spermatocele aspirates (motility 5%, range 0% to 25% and viability 36%, range 2% to 91% before Percoll vs. motility 13%, range 2% to 38% and viability 39%, range 10% to 92% after Percoll). "
5.	Phenol (Carbolic Acid)FDA Link 07/01/1992 - "Sclerotherapy with aqueous phenol for outpatient treatment of hydrocoele and epididymal cysts." 12/01/2007 - "Sclerotherapy of idiopathic hydroceles and epididymal cysts: a historical comparison trial of 5% phenol versus tetracycline."
6.	Interleukin-8 (Interleukin 8)IBA 04/01/2002 - "Both IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the spermatocele group were higher than in the epididymal cyst group (P < 0.0001). " 04/01/2002 - "The concentrations (mean+/- SEM, pg/mg protein) of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were 13.52 +/- 1.40, 22.20 +/- 2.43, 3.51 +/- 1.43 in spermatocele fluids and 5.76 +/- 0.48, 11.57 +/- 1.89, 2.53 +/- 0.41 in epididymal cyst fluids. " 04/01/2002 - "The aim of the study was to determine the cellular contents and concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in fluids of patients with spermatocele or epididymal cyst. "
7.	Interleukin-6 (Interleukin 6)IBA 04/01/2002 - "Both IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the spermatocele group were higher than in the epididymal cyst group (P < 0.0001). " 04/01/2002 - "The concentrations (mean+/- SEM, pg/mg protein) of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were 13.52 +/- 1.40, 22.20 +/- 2.43, 3.51 +/- 1.43 in spermatocele fluids and 5.76 +/- 0.48, 11.57 +/- 1.89, 2.53 +/- 0.41 in epididymal cyst fluids. " 04/01/2002 - "The aim of the study was to determine the cellular contents and concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in fluids of patients with spermatocele or epididymal cyst. "
8.	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)IBA 04/01/2002 - "The concentrations (mean+/- SEM, pg/mg protein) of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were 13.52 +/- 1.40, 22.20 +/- 2.43, 3.51 +/- 1.43 in spermatocele fluids and 5.76 +/- 0.48, 11.57 +/- 1.89, 2.53 +/- 0.41 in epididymal cyst fluids. " 04/01/2002 - "The aim of the study was to determine the cellular contents and concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in fluids of patients with spermatocele or epididymal cyst. "
9.	substance SIBA 07/01/1993 - "The present study was carried out to investigate whether testicular fluid derived from a spermatocele contains substance(s) that promote the growth of human prostatic cells in culture. "
10.	Diethylstilbestrol (Stilbestrol)FDA Link 12/01/1987 - "Treatment of pregnant women with diethylstilbestrol (DES) is associated with the subsequent development of reproductive tract abnormalities such as epididymal cysts, retained hypotrophic testes and sperm abnormalities in their male offspring. " 04/01/1977 - "Epididymal cysts, hypotrophic testes and capsular induration of the testes were among the more common genital lesions found in more than 25 per cent of 159 male patients exposed to diethylstilbestrol compared to a 6.8 per cent incidence in 161 male controls. " 03/11/1983 - "Seminoma and epididymal cysts in a young man with known diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero." 04/01/2001 - "In mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) or other estrogens, the male offspring exhibit structural malformations including cryptorchidism, epididymal cysts and retained Mullerian ducts. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Sclerotherapy 05/01/2003 - "Percutaneous sclerotherapy is a valid therapeutic alternative to surgery in the management of epididymal cysts: it is safe, effective, free of complications, less costly and shows good results in the follow-up." 04/01/1979 - "A prospective study was carried out on the efficacy of sclerotherapy for the treatment of hydrocoeles and epididymal cysts. " 06/02/1984 - "Sclerotherapy for hydrocele and epididymal cysts: a five year study." 05/01/2011 - "Sclerotherapy of hydroceles and spermatoceles with 99.5% alcohol is an efficient procedure that can be performed without difficulties, cost-effectiveness, with few side effects and which may be performed in patients who wish fertility." 05/01/2011 - "Sclerotherapy of hydroceles and spermatoceles with alcohol: results and effects on the semen analysis."
2.	Prostheses and Implants (Prosthesis) 01/01/1982 - "Experimental studies on the functional capacity of the alloplastic spermatocele (Kelâmi-Affeld prosthesis)." 08/01/1986 - "Thus, poor or absent sperm motility in the epididymal fluid during planned alloplastic spermatocele implantation predicts a poor postoperative result and, therefore, contraindicates implantation of the prosthesis. " 05/01/1983 - "An artificial spermatocele is prepared by resection of the vas slightly distal to the epididymal-deferential ansa and anastomosing onto its proximal stump a piece of Dardik's prosthesis sealed at the far end. " 07/01/1986 - "Implantation of artificial spermatocele with cup-shaped prosthesis for excretory azoospermia and chemical management of aspirated spermatozoa." 05/01/1986 - "Spermatozoa from a patient with an artificial spermatocele (Dardik's prosthesis) implanted onto the vas deferens were found to have high levels of IgG/IgA antibodies absorbed on their surfaces (MAR-test). "
3.	Vasectomy (Vas Occlusion) 05/01/2014 - "All three treatment options (hydrocelectomy, spermatocele resection, and vasectomy) may be accompanied by fertility preservation procedures (e.g., cryopreservation of semen prior to surgery). " 05/01/2014 - "[Hydrocele, spermatocele, and vasectomy: management of complications]." 10/01/2011 - "There was no significant difference in the presence of epididymal cysts in the patients who had undergone vasectomy compared to those who had not (P = .34), including 30 of 56 postvasectomy patients (53.6%) and 154 of 289 patients without vasectomy (53.3%). " 08/01/2002 - "The interval since vasectomy did not affect PESA retrieval rates but there was a significantly poorer retrieval rate for PESA in the presence of palpable epididymal cysts, at seven of 35 (20%) vs 12 of 23 (52%) (P=0.012). " 10/01/1994 - " It was concluded that the bilateral spermatocele was induced by prolonged increased pressure in the intraepididymal duct due to increased sexual activity over a long period of time following vasectomy."
4.	Transplants (Transplant) 07/01/2012 - "Spermatocele following kidney transplant." 12/01/1985 - "The graft used was a cup-shaped alloplastic spermatocele made of silicon-dacron, developed by Wagenknecht et al. The epididymal duct was incised microscopically. "
5.	Cystectomy 06/01/2015 - "Comparison between Open Epididymal Cystectomy and Minimal Resection of Epididymal Cysts Using a Scrotoscope: A Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of a New Surgical Technique." 07/01/1999 - "Operative sight was bilateral synchronous multilocular epididymal cysts, and bilateral epididymal cystectomy were performed. "