Spectrin

A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ghosts in low ionic strength buffers. The protein contains no lipids or carbohydrates, is the predominant species of peripheral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and exists as a fibrous coating on the inner, cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.

Also Known As:

Networked: 644 relevant articles (6 outcomes, 44 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Bio-Agent Context: Research Results

Experts

1.	Wang, Kevin K W: 15 articles (08/2015 - 12/2005)
2.	Hayes, Ronald L: 14 articles (08/2015 - 01/2004)
3.	Gallagher, Patrick G: 10 articles (02/2014 - 11/2002)
4.	Azuma, Mitsuyoshi: 9 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
5.	Shearer, Thomas R: 9 articles (09/2015 - 02/2002)
6.	Liu, Ming Cheng: 9 articles (08/2015 - 12/2005)
7.	Mishra, Lopa: 6 articles (08/2011 - 12/2004)
8.	Bodine, David M: 6 articles (08/2009 - 11/2002)
9.	Jackson, Mandy: 5 articles (07/2014 - 04/2010)
10.	Speicher, David W: 5 articles (02/2014 - 04/2007)

Related Diseases

1.	Brain Injuries (Brain Injury) 01/01/2015 - "Spectrin 145/150 was increased in the WT cortex at 4 and 24 h after HI, and spectrin 120 increased 24 h after HI, perhaps reflecting greater injury in the WT brain, especially at 24 h when brain injury is more evident. " 07/29/2014 - "Alpha II Spectrin breakdown products in immature Sprague Dawley rat hippocampus and cortex after traumatic brain injury." 08/01/2012 - "In addition, the reduction in spectrin proteolysis without accompanied neocortical neuroprotection suggests the involvement of other factors that are critical for neuronal survival after contusion brain injury." 07/01/2010 - "αII-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs): diagnosis and outcome in severe traumatic brain injury patients." 08/01/2009 - "Alpha II-spectrin breakdown products serve as novel markers of brain injury severity in a canine model of hypothermic circulatory arrest."
2.	Hemolysis 01/01/2013 - "Further investigations revealed spectrin deficiency; the family study demonstrated that the hemolysis was exclusively attributable to HS. " 04/15/1990 - "Comparison with the results of studies of red blood cell membranes with genetically defective or deficient spectrin suggests that a reduction in t 1/2 of 50% is not associated with significant increases in the rate of hemolysis. " 04/01/2014 - "These results suggest that upon pressure treatment of tightly agglutinated erythrocytes, the hemolysis is greatly suppressed, but membrane damages occur such as spectrin denaturation and vesiculation." 02/01/2007 - "Exercise-induced hemolysis reflects alterations in erythrocyte membrane spectrins and occurs particularly in the early phase of an ultraendurance race because of a relative older cell population." 11/01/2001 - "On the other hand, in erythrocytes that are undergoing vesiculation due to spectrin denaturation at 49 degrees C, compression produces smaller vesicles, so that the hemolysis is suppressed."
3.	Malaria 05/01/2007 - "Culture studies of Plasmodium falciparum in elliptocytes bearing such elliptocytogenic alleles of spectrin showed that these alleles are supplementary genetic factors of malaria resistance in vitro. " 12/01/2015 - "Recent experiments focusing on the malaria-infected RBCs (iRBCs) show that there is a correlation between the elongation of spectrins in the cytoskeletal network and the stiffening of the iRBCs. " 04/02/2009 - "Heterozygous mutant mice, which have wild-type levels of ANK-1 and spectrin in their RBC membranes and normal red cell survival and ultrastructure, exhibit profound resistance to malaria, which is not due to impaired parasite entry into RBC. " 05/01/2007 - "Certain instances of spectrin mutations or polymorphisms have not yet been shown to constitute new factors of innate resistance to malaria in vivo. " 05/01/2007 - "Spectrin-based skeleton in red blood cells and malaria."
4.	Seizures (Seizure) 03/30/2010 - "Targeted deletion of betaIII spectrin impairs synaptogenesis and generates ataxic and seizure phenotypes." 06/01/2012 - "Recent study has shown that mutations in the alpha-II-spectrin (SPTAN1) gene cause early onset intractable seizures, severe developmental delay, diffuse hypomyelination, and widespread brain atrophy. " 08/17/1999 - "It did produce a highly significant reduction in increased protein nitration, activator protein-1- and NF-kappaB-binding activity, and spectrin proteolysis as well as in neuronal damage resulting from seizure activity in limbic structures. " 06/01/1992 - "The results indicate that the extent of spectrin breakdown observed shortly after KA-induced seizure activity is causally related to the changes in ODC activity and putrescine levels. " 07/08/1996 - "In the present study, we evaluated the spatio-temporal activation of calpain after the onset of seizure activity by immunohistochemistry using an antibody for the spectrin breakdown product (sbdp) generated by calpain-mediated spectrin proteolysis. "
5.	Proteinuria 01/01/1985 - "Exercise proteinuria may help to identify individuals with the greatest intrinsic stiffening of red cells which appears to be due to the disposition of spectrin molecules rather than to changes in the lipid bilayer. "

Related Drugs and Biologics

1.	Calpain
2.	Caspase 3 (Caspase-3)
3.	3,6-dimethylaminodibenzopyriodonium citrate
4.	calpain inhibitors
5.	Lipid Bilayers (Lipid Bilayer)
6.	((1S)- 1- ((((1S)- 1- benzyl- 3- cyclopropylamino- 2,3- di- oxopropyl)amino)carbonyl)- 3- methylbutyl)carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester
7.	NF-kappa B (NF-kB)
8.	Spectrin
9.	Proteins (Proteins, Gene)
10.	N- (4'- fluorobutyrophenone)- 4- (4- chlorophenyl)pyridinium (HPP(+))

Related Therapies and Procedures

1.	Splenectomy
2.	Surgical Instruments (Clip)
3.	Aftercare (After-Treatment)
4.	Ligation
5.	Perioperative Period