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Spasm (Spasms)

An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Also Known As:

Spasms; Muscle Spasm; Muscle Spasms; Spasm, Muscle; Muscular Spasm; Spasm, Ciliary Body; Spasm, Generalized; Ciliary Body Spasm; Ciliary Body Spasms; Generalized Spasm; Generalized Spasms; Muscular Spasms; Spasm, Muscular; Spasms, Ciliary Body; Spasms, Generalized; Spasms, Muscle; Spasms, Muscular

Networked: 5167 relevant articles (430 outcomes, 384 trials/studies)

Relationship Network

Disease Context: Research Results

Related Diseases

1.	Pain (Aches)
2.	Spasm (Spasms)
3.	Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome)
4.	Muscle Spasticity (Spastic)
5.	Multiple Sclerosis

Experts

1.	Ogawa, Hisao: 24 articles (09/2015 - 01/2002)
2.	Yoshimura, Michihiro: 17 articles (12/2014 - 01/2002)
3.	Kohno, Hiroaki: 15 articles (11/2015 - 06/2002)
4.	Sueda, Shozo: 15 articles (11/2015 - 06/2002)
5.	Shimokawa, Hiroaki: 15 articles (12/2014 - 02/2002)
6.	Yasue, Hirofumi: 14 articles (03/2015 - 01/2002)
7.	Uraoka, Tadao: 11 articles (07/2015 - 06/2002)
8.	Fukuda, Hiroshi: 11 articles (05/2010 - 06/2002)
9.	Rha, Seung-Woon: 10 articles (02/2015 - 10/2007)
10.	Sakamoto, Tomohiro: 10 articles (06/2014 - 05/2003)

Drugs and Biologics

Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Spasm:

1.	Nitroglycerin (Dynamite)FDA LinkGeneric 04/01/1980 - "The risk of serious complications (such as arrhythmias) is very low provided that an induced spasm is immediately relieved by intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin. " 05/01/1983 - "Intravenous nitroglycerin was effective in treating the second episode of coronary artery spasm. " 05/01/1981 - "These results demonstrate that nitroglycerin ointment provides effective, long-lasting protection against angina due to coronary spasm." 09/01/2006 - "We studied the efficacy of systemic versus local nitroglycerin in relieving radial artery spasm caused by needle entry resulting in failed cannulation. " 01/01/2002 - "Coronary angiography showed severe coronary spasm of the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries; the spasm was relieved promptly by nitroglycerin. "
2.	Baclofen FDA LinkGeneric 08/01/1992 - "Baclofen dramatically reduced spasms, resulting in more stable ventilation, improved ease of care, reduced distress and better integration into the community. " 07/01/2004 - "The Ashworth scale, the Spasms Frequency Scale, and the FIM motor score showed a significant improvement in all patients after the onset of therapy with baclofen. " 09/01/1997 - "In every case intrathecal baclofen therapy resulted in a statistically significant reduction in upper- and lower-extremity tone, spasm frequency, and reflexes, contributing to improved functional abilities. " 05/01/2003 - "This literature review shows evidence that intrathecally administered baclofen is effective in reducing the positive signs of spasticity (tone, spasms, reflex activity). " 01/01/1990 - "Lioresal is effective in reducing spasms. "
3.	CalciumIBA 09/01/2015 - "Calcium antagonists are extremely effective in treating and preventing coronary spasm, and may provide long-lasting relief for the patient. " 10/01/1988 - "After intracoronary injection of calcium channelblockers the spasm resolved completely. " 02/01/1983 - "Because in such patients fluctuations in coronary arterial tone play an important role in determining the response to exercise, calcium antagonistic drugs, which lower coronary tone and prevent the occurrence of coronary spasm, are effective in increasing exercise capacity." 01/01/1984 - "Thus, our animal experiments as well as successful clinical trials highlight the outstanding efficacy of calcium antagonists in neutralizing all types of extramural coronary artery spasm. " 04/01/1987 - "It is suggested that coronary artery spasm was the cause of angina in this case and that sublingual or intravenous calcium antagonist was more effective in the treatment of acute attack of vasospastic angina than sublingual TNG."
4.	Botulinum Toxins (Botulinum Toxin)IBA 01/01/2003 - "Botulinum toxin A is an effective treatment for reducing spasms in these patients. " 02/01/1999 - "Botulinum toxin therapy is non-invasive and effective for cricopharyngeal spasm. " 05/01/1998 - "Botulinum toxin seems to be effective in the management of facial spasm." 05/01/2002 - "Regardless, botulinum toxin is considered a safe therapy for inappropriate muscle spasms with adverse effects being typically self-limited. " 06/01/2001 - "Regardless, botulinum toxin is considered a safe therapy for inappropriate muscle spasms with adverse effects being typically self-limited. "
5.	Diltiazem (Cardizem)FDA LinkGeneric 02/18/1982 - "It is concluded that diltiazem is highly effective and well tolerated for the long-term prophylaxis and treatment of angina in patients with coronary spasm." 08/01/1990 - "Diltiazem, in our study, did not yield in a significant improvement of symptoms in diffuse oesophageal spasm. " 02/01/1983 - "Thus, we conclude that diltiazem is effective in the treatment of postinfarction angina caused by coronary artery spasm." 02/01/1983 - "Diltiazem is effective for the long-term control of symptoms of active coronary artery spasm." 08/01/1990 - "Efficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of diffuse oesophageal spasm."
6.	Nifedipine (Adalat)FDA LinkGeneric 07/01/1983 - "Thus, patients with coronary spasm selected because of a favorable short-term response to nifedipine were effectively treated over the long term with nifedipine; however, additional therapy was often needed to control symptoms. " 11/01/1985 - "In 1 patient, nifedipine was effective in prolonging exercise tolerance by preventing the occurrence of coronary spasm and by increasing blood supply to the ischemic region during exercise." 10/01/1982 - "In certain selected patients in whom coronary artery spasm is responsible for myocardial collapse, the drug nifedipine may be effective in relieving this spasm and allowing for myocardial recovery." 10/22/1979 - "Nifedipine appears to be effective in the management of patients with symptomatic coronary arterial spasm and normal or mildly abnormal coronary arteriograms. " 01/01/1987 - "We have used a placebo controlled trial to investigate the effect of long-term administration of nifedipine in the prevention of symptomatic episodes of oesophageal spasm. "
7.	Ergonovine (Ergometrine)IBA 04/01/1997 - "After 3 months of medication, left ventriculography disclosed a marked improvement, and coronary spasm was evoked in the proximal portion of left anterior descending artery after intracoronary ergonovine provocations. " 06/01/2004 - "Coronary stenting of the site identified by ergonovine provocation testing was effective in relieving provoked and spontaneous spasm." 12/01/1986 - "Prior infusion of CGRP did not prevent coronary arterial spasm induced by ergonovine in two patients with variant angina, but a subsequent bolus of CGRP partially relieved the spasm. " 12/01/1981 - "Remission of coronary spasm confirmed by angiography and ergometrine provocation: two case reports." 10/01/1981 - "We analyzed the results of 61 consecutive outpatient ergonovine provocation tests to determine the safety and efficacy of such outpatient testing for detecting coronary artery spasm (CAS). "
8.	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)FDA Link 07/01/2013 - "[Efficacy of repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in patients with intractable epileptic spasms]." 11/01/2001 - "The patients with cryptogenic spasms, who responded well to ACTH, differed in their biochemical parameters from the patients with symptomatic spasms. " 01/01/2016 - "This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of epileptic spasms." 10/01/1999 - "Unexpectedly, this prospective randomized controlled study demonstrated the dose of ACTH required for spasm cessation and disappearance of the hypsarrhythmic EEG pattern to be lower than previously believed. " 04/01/2015 - "The results showed that while adrenocorticotropic hormone was more likely to lead to short-term spasm freedom, there was no difference in the likelihood of longer-term spasm resolution without relapse. "
9.	Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil)FDA LinkGeneric 12/01/1985 - "A selective right coronary opacification showed complete occlusion at the junction of segments 1 and 2. An intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate relieved a coronary spasm and allowed a complete visualization of the right coronary artery. " 06/01/2012 - "Coronary angiogram revealed the severe and simultaneous spasm of three major epicardial arteries, which was promptly relieved by an intracoronary administration of isosorbide dinitrate. " 07/10/2007 - "Isosorbide dinitrate was injected immediately, and the provoked spasm was soon relieved. " 03/01/1992 - "Coronary artery spasm was promptly relieved by intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate infusion. " 01/01/2013 - "The spasm was reversed by administration of 2 mg of intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate. "
10.	Vigabatrin FDA Link 01/01/2014 - "Here, we test the efficacy of CPP-115 in reducing spasms and its tolerability in the multiple-hit rat model of IS, in which daily vigabatrin reduced spasms for only one day, but was not well tolerated. " 01/01/2011 - "Vigabatrin dosages generally ranging from 100 to 150 mg/kg/day demonstrated efficacy to decrease or eradicate spasms and eliminate hypsarrhythmic EEG in patients with newly diagnosed IS. " 01/01/2014 - "We provide proof-of-concept evidence that CPP-115, a vigabatrin analogue, decreases spasms in the multiple-hit rat model of IS at considerably lower and better tolerated doses than vigabatrin did in our previous studies. " 01/01/2003 - "One study also suggested that control of spasms occurred more frequently with high dose vigabatrin as compared to low dose vigabatrin. " 12/01/2014 - "Vigabatrin terminated the spasms in 101 patients (56.9%) at a mean period of 5 days. "

Therapies and Procedures

1.	Transplants (Transplant) 08/01/2004 - "Selective endothelinA-receptor blockade may prove beneficial in preventing graft spasm in the radial as well as the internal mammary artery." 04/01/2002 - "Diagnosis of the cause of the suboptimal condition was insufficient graft flow in 16 patients, and spasm of the ungrafted coronary artery in 3. Additional myocardial ischemic time was 17 9 minutes, and the graft flow was 59 25 ml/min. Additional bypass was effective in 94.5%. " 03/01/2012 - "The storage of RA with the inodilator before implantation may help to prevent the intraoperative spasm of the graft and also thrombotic occlusion during CABG surgery." 12/01/2003 - "The spasm could not be relieved with intraluminal vasodilator therapy, and the patient underwent reoperation using a saphenous vein graft-anastomosed distal to radial artery." 03/01/2001 - "The free gastroepiploic artery grafting with venous drainage technique we developed can prevent graft spasm, leading to improved patency rate."
2.	Injections 10/01/1984 - "Treatment was effective for most patients, but transient, with the mean interval of relief of spasm after the first injections being ten weeks. " 01/01/1994 - "After 58 ambulatory injections, 53 effective results were obtained with complete spasm relief for a mean internal of 4 to 5 months. " 03/01/1999 - "Of the 11 patients who received BT injections before and after myectomy, six (55%) said the toxin was more effective in ameliorating eyelid spasms after surgery and four (36%) required injections less frequently after myectomy. " 08/01/2006 - "If the spasm was relieved but the patient could not open their eyelids, a trial of ptosis props was undertaken and the toxin injections continued, before considering a brow suspension. " 10/01/2012 - "Nitrate injections completely relieved the spasm and the clinical condition of the patient normalized. "
3.	Catheters 05/01/2013 - "This new design allows for improved performance, faster and simpler insertion in the left ventricle which can reduce procedure time, radiation exposure and propensity for radial artery spasm due to excessive catheter manipulation. " 12/12/2008 - "One patient required readmission for severe bladder spasm, and one patient had a failed trial of removal of catheter requiring re-catheterisation. " 10/01/1983 - "This study suggests that patients with catheter-induced spasm are similar to those with variant angina and its angiographic documentation may be a marker for the identification of patients with vasospastic angina." 01/01/1977 - "One of these patients developed right coronary spasm on three occasions and, in addition, developed catheter-induced spasm of the left main trunk during two different studies. " 01/01/1977 - "This report describes two patients who developed catheter-induced spasm in the proximal segment of the right coronary artery in separate studies performed in different laboratories by means of different catheter techniques. "
4.	Stents 07/01/1999 - "We performed a prospective study to establish the efficacy of coronary stent placement in a highly selected group of patients with focal coronary artery spasm in whom anginal attacks could not be prevented by full medical therapy. " 04/01/1999 - "Although this spasm was gradually relieved by intracoronary infusion of ISDN, marked spasm was also observed distal to the P-S stent; complete relief was achieved by infusion of additional ISDN." 04/01/1994 - "In view of these good results and to decrease postoperative discomfort from bladder spasms, we performed 37 consecutive meatal based flap repairs without stents. " 01/01/2009 - "Repeat coronary angiography revealed patent stent and coronary artery spasm in proximal part, which was relieved by intracoronary injection of nitroglycerine. " 06/01/2006 - "Previous studies have shown that coronary stents have radial strength above the pressure induced by coronary artery spasm. "
5.	Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 03/01/1993 - "Significant reduction in muscle tone and frequency of spasms have contributed to improved function with activities of daily living, bladder management, overall comfort, and quality of sleep (Penn et al., 1989; Parke, Penn, Savoy, & Corcos, 1989). " 02/01/1987 - "The greatest benefits to the patients were improvement in activities of daily living and better sleep due to reduced spasms. " 08/01/2015 - "Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS), activity of daily life(ADL, Barthel index) scores and Fugl-Meyer(FMA) scores were used to assess the spasm hand degree,activity of daily life and hand motion function before and after 7-day, 14-day and 8-week treatment. " 01/01/2005 - "Increased tone and spasm reduces mobility and independence, and interferes with activities of daily living, continence and sleep patterns. " 07/01/2001 - "The tone intensity scales, spasm frequency scores, global scales of motor impairment, ADL scales, upper extremity dexterity and strength testing, examination techniques and maneuvers to differentiate rectus femoris from iliopsoas and gastrocnemius from soleus tightness, clinical gait scores, EMG and goniometric pendulum test has been mentioned."